323 research outputs found

    Novel Applications of Hot-Melt Extrusion Technology in Trans-Buccal and Topical Drug Delivery Systems

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    As the buccal route of administration can avoid the first pass effect, the bioavailability of drugs that are metabolized in the liver can be increased through this route. Few studies have been conducted using oleic acid as a permeation enhancer in any trans-buccal dosage form. The objective of this study was to develop a buccal tablet using two concentrations of oleic acid for a model drug (Ondansetron) via melt extrusion technology and investigate the effects of oleic acid on the physicochemical properties of the tablet. Formulations consisting of the active drug (ondansetron hydrochloride), polymers and oleic acid were prepared by extrusion. Bioadhesion studies were conducted and results obtained were satisfactory. Permeation studies demonstrated a greater drug permeation in the formulation containing a lower concentration of oleic acid. In conclusion, permeation studies exhibited the potential of oleic acid as a buccal permeation enhancer and the melt-extrusion technology was successfully employed to formulate buccal tablets. Conventional techniques of poloxamer gel preparation have disadvantages such as costly equipment and scale-up issues. Therefore, the objective of this work was to develop poloxamer gels by extrusion technology. Formulations consisted of poloxamer with ketoprofen (active drug). On increasing the poloxamer concentration, a decrease in the drug permeation was obtained. Other studies conducted were in-vitro release studies, texture analysis, and rheological studies. In conclusion, this technology could be successfully employed to develop poloxamer gels by overcoming the drawbacks associated with conventional techniques. However, it is not yet widely used for semisolid production. Therefore, the aim of the next project was to combine quality by design principles with extrusion to study the effect of the process parameters on cream characteristics. Eight formulations were obtained using a 23-factorial design. Only the temperature of zone 2 demonstrated a significant impact on the work of adhesion of the creams. A similar permeation profile was obtained with the formulations. Stable cream formulations were also obtained as demonstrated by the size distribution graphs. In conclusion, this technology coupled with a design of experiments approach can be utilized to investigate how extrusion parameters could be modified to develop consistent creams with ideal product characteristics

    Mechanisms contributing to RNA localization and translation: study of neuronal zipcodes in primary cortical neurons, and translational changes in neurodegeneration

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    The regulation of gene expression in terms of space and time is governed by the distribution of RNA and proteins within a cell. This tightly controlled regulation is necessary for mediating cellular development and function. The localization of RNA is also a highly controlled process that is influenced by specific cis and trans-acting elements. In polarized cells, such as neurons, the localization of transcripts towards axons and dendrites (neurites) enables the immediate and efficient local synthesis of proteins in response to external stimuli. This thesis focuses on the examination of the cis-elements, or "zipcodes," that contribute to the localization of RNA towards the neurites and the translational defects that result in the peripheral neuropathy Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease

    Christian Witness in Interreligious Context

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    Asuhan Keperawatan Pada Sdr. P.P Dengan Cedera Kepala Sedang Di Ruang Instalasi Gawat Darurat Rumah Sakit Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes Kupang

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    Cedera Kepala Sedang adalah cedera kepala dengan skala koma glassgow 9 - 13, lesi operatif dan abnormalitas dalam CT-scan dalam 48 jam rawat inap di Rumah Sakit. Setiap tahun, lebih dari 2 juta orang mengalami cedera kepala, 75.000 diantaranya meninggal dunia dan lebih dari 100.000 orang yang selamat akan mengalami disabilitas permanen. Angka kejadian cedera kepala pada laki-laki 58% lebih banyak dibandingkan perempuan. Hal ini disebabkan karena mobilitas yang tinggi di kalangan usia produktif sedangkan kesadaran untuk menjaga keselamatan di jalan masih rendah disamping penanganan pertama yang belum benar benar rujukan yang terlambat. Peran perawat dalam kasus Cedera Kepala Sedang adalah memberikan asuhan keperawatan secara menyeluruh bagi penderita Cedera Kepala Sedang dimulai dari tindakan promotif, preventif, kuratif dan rehabilitative. Tujuan dari studi kasus ini memberikan asuhan keperawatan dengan pendekatan proses keperawatan pada pasien dengan Cedera Kepala Sedang. Metode yang digunakan dalam studi kasus ini adalah wawancara langsung dan pemeriksaan fisik langsung. Hasil dari studi kasus ini diharapkan masyarakat dapat memahami pencegahan dan penanganan Cedera Kepala Sedang. Kesimpulan dari studi kasus ini adalah Cedera Kepala Sedang dapat dicegah agar tidak terjadi dan dapat ditangani dengan tindakan kegawatdaruratan melalui terapi farmakologi, terapi nutrisi dan terapi prevensi kejang

    Penerimaan sosial teman sebaya ditinjau dari rasa percaya diri dan keterbukaan diri

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    Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh sikap rasa percaya diri dan keterbukaan diri terhadap penerimaan sosial teman sebaya. Populasi siswa SMPN 7 MADIUN kelas VIII tahun 2017/2018 dalam penelitian ini adalah 109 siswa. Teknik sampling yang digunakan penulis adalah Cluster Sampling. Data diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode angket berbentuk skala yaitu penerimaan sosial teman sebaya, rasa percaya diri dan keterbukaan diri. Dalam penelitian ini penulis mengajukan 3 hipotesis yaitu:1) Hipotesis minor pertama yang berbunyi: rasa percaya diri berpengaruh terhadap penerimaan sosial teman sebaya, 2) Hipotesis minor kedua yang berbunyi: keterbukaan diri berpengaruh terhadap, 3) Hipotesis mayor berbunyi: rasa percaya diri dan keterbukaan diri berpengaruh terhadap penerimaan sosial teman sebaya. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik regresi linier berganda. Dari Hasil analisis persamaan garis regresi Y=55.170 + 0.355 + 0.177. Hasil uji hipotesis selanjutnya menunjukkan bahwa: 1) rasa percaya diri berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penerimaan sosial teman sebaya diterima, terbukti t hit= 4,092 > t tabe l= 1,982, 2) keterbukaan diri berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penerimaan sosial teman sebaya ditolak, terbukti t hit=1,387< t tabel=1,982, 3) rasa percaya diri dan keterbukaan diri berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penerimaan sosial teman sebaya, terbukti F hit= 27,043 >F tabel=3,080. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: 1) hipotesis minor pertama diterima. 2) hipotesis minor kedua ditolak 3) hipotesis mayor diterima
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