The systematic significance of achene micromorphology in Carex retrorsa (Cyperaceae)

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine achene epidermal features of nine Carex species within sections Vesicariae and Lupulinae. Two major epidermal features are recognized in this study: the epidermal layers with one or two primary silicon bodies in each cell and the absence of any primary silicon body. Comparative data of achene morphology using SEM, and evidence compiled from previous investigations, support the placement of Carex retrorsa within section Vesicariae. © 1987 The New York Botanical Garden

Silica-scaled chrysophytes from east central New York

Forty-three scaled chrysophytes (Synurophyceae: 26 Mallomonas spp., nine Synura spp.; Chrysophyceae: three Chrysosphaerella and Spiniferomonas spp., and two Paraphysomonas spp.) in 41 water samples from Columbia, Franklin, Hamilton, Herkimer, Otsego and St. Lawrence Counties, New York, were identified using TEM. Fourteen taxa are new records from New York, including one new report for the U.S. Temperature, pH, and conductivity ranges of the prevalent species are discussed. Non-siliceous scales of two colorless free-living flagellates, Gyromitus disomatus, an organism of uncertain taxonomic affinity, and the organic scaled chrysophyte-like Pseudodendromonas vlkii, were also observed

8. 'Eleocharis' R. Brown, Prodr., 224. 1810

Herbs, annual or perennial, usually cespitose, often rhizomatous, sometimes stoloniferous; rhizomes rarely with terminal tubers or bulbs, horizontal and long or ascending and caudexlike. Cu1ms sometimes solitary, terete, 3-5-angled or more, or strongly compressed in cross section, spongy with internal air cavities and incomplete transverse septa or sometimes hollow with complete transverse septa. Leaves basal, 2 per culm; ligules absent; blades absent or a mucro or awn (tooth) at apex of sheath, very rarely flattened, to 6 cm. Inflorescences terminal; spikelet 1; involucral bracts absent, rarely a proximal scale of spikelet resembling short bract. Spikelets: scales 4-500 or more, spirally or rarely distichously arranged, each subtending flower or proximal 1-2(-3) empty, stramineous (straw-brown) to medium brown or red brown or blackish brown. Flowers bisexual; perianth of (0–)3-6(-10) bristles, straight or curved, shorter than to 2 times longer than achene, retrorsely (to antrorsely) spinulose or sometimes smooth; stamens 1-3; styles linear, 2-3-fid, base (tubercle) usually persistent, usually enlarged, usually different in appearance from achene. Achenes biconvex, piano-convex, or trigonous to subterete