1D Frustrated Ferromagnetic Model with Added Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction

The one-dimensional (1D) isotropic frustrated ferromagnetic spin-1/2 model is considered. Classical and quantum effects of adding a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction on the ground state of the system is studied using the analytical cluster method and numerical Lanczos technique. Cluster method results, show that the classical ground state magnetic phase diagram consists of only one single phase: "chiral". The quantum corrections are determined by means of the Lanczos method and a rich quantum phase diagram including the gapless Luttinger liquid, the gapped chiral and dimer orders is obtained. Moreover, next nearest neighbors will be entangled by increasing DM interaction and for open chains, end-spins are entangled which shows the long distance entanglement (LDE) feature that can be controlled by DM interaction.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figure

PREDICTING THE SUMMER TEMPERATURE OF SMALL STREAMS IN SOUTHWESTERN WISCONSIN 1

One of the biggest challenges in managing cold water streams in the Midwest is understanding how stream temperature is controlled by the complex interactions among meteorologic processes, channel geometry, and ground water inflow. Inflow of cold ground water, shade provided by riparian vegetation, and channel width are the most important factors controlling summer stream temperatures. A simple screening model was used to quantitatively evaluate the importance of these factors and guide management decisions. The model uses an analytical solution to the heat transport equation to predict steady-state temperature throughout a stream reach. The model matches field data from four streams in southwestern Wisconsin quite well (typically within 1°C) and helps explain the observed warming and cooling trends along each stream reach. The distribution of ground water inflow throughout a stream reach has an important influence on stream temperature, and springs are especially effective at providing thermal refuge for fish. Although simple, this model provides insight into the importance of ground water and the impact different management strategies, such as planting trees to increase shade, may have on summer stream temperature.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/74032/1/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03714.x.pd

Testicular structure of three species of neotropical freshwater pimelodids (Pisces, Pimelodidae)

The testes structure of the following Siluriformes was studied: Pimelodus maculatus (Lacepède, 1803), Iheringichtys labrosus (Lütken, 1874) and Conorhynchos conirostris (Valenciennes, 1840). The testes of these species were dissected into cranial and caudal regions. The fringes of mature testes were counted and measured. Student's t-test was used to identify significant differences between fringe lengths of the two regions. To study the whole testes of each species in its resting and mature stage, testes were fixed in Bouin liquid for 6-8 hours and submitted to routine histological techniques. Standard histochemical techniques were used to detect carbohydrates and proteins. The testes of all species were paired and fringed organs. Histologically, cranial fringes of all species were spermatogenic with cells inside cysts at the same phase of development. Caudal fringes of C. conirostris were spermatogenic; while P. maculatus and I. labrosus showed caudal fringes only during secretion. Histochemically, neutral glycoproteins, acid glycoconjugates, acid carboxilates, sialomucines, and acid and sulfates glycoconjugates were detected in the caudal fringe secretions of P. maculatus; and neutral glycoproteins in I. labrosus. Significant differences between the fringe lengths of the cranial and caudal regions were found for all the species studied.<br>Estudou-se a estrutura testicular dos seguintes peixes Siluriformes: Pimelodus maculatus (Lacepède, 1803), Iheringichtys labrosus (Lütken, 1874) e Conorhynchos conirostris (Valenciennes, 1840). Os testículos foram dissecados e divididos anatomicamente em regiões cranial e caudal. As franjas dos testículos em maturação foram contadas e mediu-se o comprimento das mesmas. O teste t de Student foi utilizado para verificar diferenças significativas entre o comprimento das franjas das duas regiões. Para estudo histológico, testículos inteiros de cada espécie, em repouso e em maturação, foram fixados em líquido de Bouin por 6-8 horas e submetidos às técnicas histológicas de rotina. Utilizaram-se técnicas histoquímicas clássicas para detectar carboidratos e proteínas. Os testículos das espécies estudadas são órgãos pares e franjados. Histologicamente, as franjas da região cranial de todas as espécies são espermatogênicas, com células da linhagem em mesma fase de desenvolvimento contidas em cistos. As franjas da região caudal de C. conirostris são também espermatogênicas, enquanto P. maculatus e I. labrosus apresentam franjas caudais exclusivamente secretoras. Histoquímicamente detectou-se na secreção das franjas caudais de P. maculatus glicoproteínas neutras, glicoconjugados ácidos carboxilados, incluindo sialomucinas e glicoconjugados ácidos e sulfatados e em I. labrosus glicoproteínas neutras. Houve diferenças significativas entre o comprimento das franjas das regiões cranial e caudal para todas as espécies estudadas