Evaluating the Relationship between Maternal Attachment Styles and Children's Separation Anxiety Level: The Mediating Role of Mothers’ Maternal Early Maladaptive Schemas

Backgrounds: This study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between maternal attachment style and early maladaptive schemas and the separation anxiety level of children aged 3 to 6 years in the city of Mashhad. Methods: The research sample consisted of 300 mothers with children aged 3 to 6 years who were selected from kindergartens in Mashhad (Iran) by random clustered sampling method. We used Hazan and Shaver’s adult attachment questionnaire, young schemas questionnaire - short form, and the separation anxiety questionnaire (parents’ form) to collect the data. We also used the correlation coefficient and the path analysis model to examine and test the research hypotheses. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-20 and Amos 20 software. Results: The results showed that ambivalent and avoidant attachment styles are mediated by the emotional deprivation, abandonment, dependence, and social isolation schemas and predict separation anxiety. Conclusion: Therefore, among the early maladaptive schemas, emotional deprivation, abandonment, dependence, and social isolation play a mediating role concerning the attachment styles and separation anxiety, which can be used in the design of treatment plans. Keywords: Separation anxiety, Early maladaptive schemas, Attachment styles, Mother

The effectiveness of psychological empowerment program on emotion regulation of patients with a history of sleeve surgery

Background and purpose: It is one of the important variables that should be considered in people after sleeve surgery. We can refer to psychological well-being. Psychological well-being is defined as the existence of favorable cognitive and emotional psychological documents. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of the psychological empowerment program on emotion regulation in patients with a history of sleeve surgery. Methods: The present study is a semi-experimental type in which a pre-test-post-test design was conducted with a control group with measurement at the baseline after the intervention and three-month follow-up. The number of 50 patients with a history of sleeve surgery referred to Parsian Hospital in Tehran between September 2020 and May 2021, taking into account the entry criteria, 40 of those who were willing to participate in the research (with written consent) were selected and It was done through random replacement in the following way and they were randomly assigned to the psychological empowerment program group and the control group (20 people in each group). All participants completed and measured Garnsefaki's emotion regulation questionnaire in three stages. The aforementioned treatment sessions of the psychological empowerment program (8 sessions of 2.5 hours) were conducted in groups. The data were analyzed using variance analysis with repeated measurements and SPSS-21 software. Results: The results of the present study showed that the psychological empowerment program was effective on emotional regulation of patients with a history of sleeve surgery, and the stability of this effectiveness continued until the follow-up stage (P<0.001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the psychological empowerment program was effective in regulating the emotions of patients with a history of sleeve surgery and it can be used to reduce the problems of patients with a history of sleeve surgery

Evaluating the Relationship between Maternal Attachment Styles and Children's Separation Anxiety Level: The Mediating Role of Mothers’ Maternal Early Maladaptive Schemas

Backgrounds: This study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between maternal attachment style and early maladaptive schemas and the separation anxiety level of children aged 3 to 6 years in the city of Mashhad. Methods: The research sample consisted of 300 mothers with children aged 3 to 6 years who were selected from kindergartens in Mashhad (Iran) by random clustered sampling method. We used Hazan and Shaver’s adult attachment questionnaire, young schemas questionnaire - short form, and the separation anxiety questionnaire (parents’ form) to collect the data. We also used the correlation coefficient and the path analysis model to examine and test the research hypotheses. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-20 and Amos 20 software. Results: The results showed that ambivalent and avoidant attachment styles are mediated by the emotional deprivation, abandonment, dependence, and social isolation schemas and predict separation anxiety. Conclusion: Therefore, among the early maladaptive schemas, emotional deprivation, abandonment, dependence, and social isolation play a mediating role concerning the attachment styles and separation anxiety, which can be used in the design of treatment plans. Keywords: Separation anxiety, Early maladaptive schemas, Attachment styles, Mother

Predicting emotional alexithymia based on emotional information processing with the mediation of emotional self-disclosure in married people

Background: Alexithymia is a type of mood disorder that causes the inability to cognitively process emotional information and regulate emotions. Spouses' Alexithymia is one of the factors affecting couples' incompatibility and interaction, which has a negative effect on their interaction and compatibility. However, there is a research gap in the field of the ability to predict Alexithymia through the ability to process emotional information with the mediation of emotional self-disclosure in the target society, so in this research, the prediction of Alexithymia based on emotional processing with the mediation of emotional self-disclosure in married people is discussed. Aims: The aim of the present study was to provide a structural model for predicting Alexithymia based on emotional processing with the mediation of emotional self-disclosure. Methods: The method of descriptive research is correlation type using structural equations. The research population was all married women who referred to counseling and assistance clinics in Robat Karim city for consensual divorce in the year2019, and 200 people were selected by available sampling method. In order to collect data, Toronto Persian scale of emotional Alexithymia (Bashart, 2007), Emotional information processing questionnaire(Abolmaali,2019) and emotional self-disclosure scale (Snell, 2001) were used. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistical methods and Also, structural equations and Spss, Lisrel software were used.. Results: The results showed that emotional self-disclosure plays a mediating role in the relationship between Alexithymia and emotional processing (p>0.05) and there is an indirect relationship between Alexithymia and emotional processing considering emotional self-disclosure as a mediating factor. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that there is a direct and meaningful relationship between emotional information processing and Alexithymia, so that among the variables of emotional processing, the variable of weakened and suppressed emotions predicts Alexithymia and in general, Alexithymia in couples can be predicted based on the mentioned variables. Therefore, these factors should be considered in prevention and treatment programs

Prediction of family resilience based on marital commitment and psychological capital in married couples of Takab city

The present study was conducted with the aim of predicting family resilience based on marital commitment and psychological capital. For this purpose, a random sample of 296 people was selected from the statistical population of married men and women in tatkab (from West Azarbaijan province). In this research, in order to collect data, McCubbin et al.'s family resilience questionnaire (1986) and Stanley and Markman's marital commitment questionnaire (1992) and Luthans Psychological Capital Questionnaire (2007), were used. The data obtained from the research were analyzed with SPSS-23 software. The results of multivariate regression showed that marital commitment can predict family resilience with 99% confidence and among the components of psychological capital, self-efficacy can predict family resilience with 95% confidence. As a result, in order to face and deal with problems and crises, it is emphasized on preserving family unity and marital commitment and psychological capital

The effectiveness of academic counseling based on a narrative approach on academic resilience and academic emotions of students with academic failure

Background and Aim: Students experience different emotions in academic situations. Emotions are always present in educational and clinical environments. Academic resilience also refers to high levels of motivation for progress and performance, despite limited conditions. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of teaching compassion, academic counseling based on a narrative approach, on resilience and academic emotions of students with academic failure. Methods: The research method was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. Using targeted sampling, 30 students from among the students with academic failure from the second grade boys' high schools of the second period of the 12th district of Tehran were determined and randomly placed in the experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). In the pre-test and post-test stages, students responded to the academic excitement questionnaires of Pakran et al. (2002) and the academic resilience questionnaires of Martin and Marsh (2009). The academic counseling protocol based on Pine's (2004) narrative approach was held for the experimental group for 8 sessions. Results: The results of covariance analysis showed that academic counseling training based on a narrative approach is effective on academic resilience (P=0.001 and F=19.98) and academic excitement (P=0.001 and F=34.001). Conclusion: Therefore, according to the results of the research, it is suggested that school counselors use group educational counseling trainings based on a narrative approach to control negative emotions and increase academic resilience