Concurrent Sessions B: Reintroduction Efforts on the Upper Deschutes River - Successes and Challenges During The First 3-Years Of The Upper Deschutes Basin Downstream Fish Passage Assessment

Construction of the Pelton Round Butte Hydroelectric Project (rkm 100) in the 1960s, denied anadromous fish access to over 250 miles of stream habitat in the Metolius, Crooked and Deschutesrivers. Original dam construction included a fish passage system. However bottom withdrawal created confusing reservoir currents in Lake Billy Chinook, contributing to low numbers of smolts attracted to the forebay and fish collector. To remedy the poor attraction currents, and to manage downstream water temperatures, complementary selective water withdrawal (SWW) and fish collection facilities (FCF) were constructed in the Round Butte forebay. The SWW-FCF became operational in December 2009. In anticipation of fish passage, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Chinook) and O. mykiss (steelhead) fry have been out-planted in the Metolius, Crooked and Deschutes rivers and tributaries since 2007. We are using Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags and Juvenile Salmonid Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS) tags to evaluate passage through the reservoir and response to the FCF. In 2012, we PIT-tagged 2,755 smolts, 636 of these were successfully collected at the FCF. We tagged 196 smolts with JSATS tags. The JSATS-tagged smolts displayed a high level of indirect movement in the reservoir; 81% of steelhead and 57% of Chinook were located in multiple reservoir arms. Seventy-five percent of the steelhead and 45% of Chinook in Lake Billy Chinook entered the forebay, of these 54% of the steelhead and 79% of the Chinook were collected by the FCF. PIT-tagged and JSATS-tagged smolts were more likely to enter the FCF when flows were 3,000 CFS or greater. We will present a synthesis of the three years of data we’ve collectedto evaluate the FCF, and discuss the effectiveness of our evaluation program

Nitrogen Cycling Responses to Mountain Pine Beetle Disturbance in a High Elevation Whitebark Pine Ecosystem

Ecological disturbances can significantly affect biogeochemical cycles in terrestrial ecosystems, but the biogeochemical consequences of the extensive mountain pine beetle outbreak in high elevation whitebark pine (WbP) (Pinus albicaulis) ecosystems of western North America have not been previously investigated. Mountain pine beetle attack has driven widespread WbP mortality, which could drive shifts in both the pools and fluxes of nitrogen (N) within these ecosystems. Because N availability can limit forest regrowth, understanding how beetle-induced mortality affects N cycling in WbP stands may be critical to understanding the trajectory of ecosystem recovery. Thus, we measured above- and belowground N pools and fluxes for trees representing three different times since beetle attack, including unattacked trees. Litterfall N inputs were more than ten times higher under recently attacked trees compared to unattacked trees. Soil inorganic N concentrations also increased following beetle attack, potentially driven by a more than two-fold increase in ammonium (NH4+ ) concentrations in the surface soil organic horizon. However, there were no significant differences in mineral soil inorganic N or soil microbial biomass N concentrations between attacked and unattacked trees, implying that short-term changes in N cycling in response to the initial stages of WbP attack were restricted to the organic horizon. Our results suggest that while mountain pine beetle attack drives a pulse of N from the canopy to the forest floor, changes in litterfall quality and quantity do not have profound effects on soil biogeochemical cycling, at least in the short-term. However, continuous observation of these important ecosystems will be crucial to determining the long-term biogeochemical effects of mountain pine beetle outbreaks

Libraries and Museums: Fostering GLAM Collaboration at the University of Iowa

This report outlines the findings of the University of Iowa (UI) Executive Leadership Academy – Higher Education (ELA) project team GLAM1 during the 2017-18 academic year. Team GLAM was charged by the UI Stanley Museum of Art Interim Chair James Leach and UI Librarian John Culshaw with investigating the present state and potential of new collaboration between the Stanley Museum and those UI Libraries with the greatest focus on the visual arts. This report provides the team’s findings, as well as its recommendations for forging new relationships and leveraging the strengths of both types of institution to transform them into places where bold experiments will generate new ideas for research, teaching, and service. Based on our discussions, research, site visits, interviews, and ideation sessions held between October 2017 and April 2018, team GLAM recommends implementation of the following five broad collaborative practices. Full details around these recommendations can be found on pps. 18-20 in the final report: Establish a formal GLAM committee that is empowered to shape an environment on campus where GLAM can flourish and be sustained. Increase opportunities for collaborations across staff positions. Reward and recognize staff and faculty who actively and productively collaborate in GLAM research, teaching, and service activities. Identify and proactively pursue grants and other funding opportunities that support collaborative activities across GLAM. Invest in digitization and joint technologies related to accessibility and discovery. GLAM on the UI campus faces enormous budgetary, technology, and other environmental challenges that are most effectively addressed by broader collaboration across campus, beyond traditional organizational structures and disciplines. By strengthening current collaborations while seeking new ones across campus, the Stanley Museum of Art and the UI Libraries can leverage the strengths of both entities and advance their missions in service of UI’s broader strategic goals

Review: Looking Up: The Skyviewing Sculptures of Isamu Noguchi

Review of Looking Up: The Skyviewing Sculptures of Isamu Noguchi edited by Hafthor Yngvason. Giles, July 2022. 132 p. ill. ISBN 978-1-911282-61-7 (h/c), $44.95. https://gilesltd.com/product/looking-up. Reviewed March 2023 Cory Budden, Reference & Instruction Librarian, University of Maine at Augusta, [email protected]

Role of ALDH1A1 and HTRA2 expression in CCL2/CCR2-mediated breast cancer cell growth and invasion

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.Chemokines mediate immune cell trafficking during tissue development, wound healing and infection. The chemokine CCL2 is best known to regulate macrophage recruitment during wound healing, infection and inflammatory diseases. While the importance of CCL2/CCR2 signaling in macrophages during cancer progression is well documented, we recently showed that CCL2-mediated breast cancer progression depends on CCR2 expression in carcinoma cells. Using 3D Matrigel: Collagen cultures of SUM225 and DCIS.com breast cancer cells, this study characterized the mechanisms of CCL2/CCR2 signaling in cell growth and invasion. SUM225 cells, which expressed lower levels of CCR2 than DCIS.com cells, formed symmetrical spheroids in Matrigel: Collagen, and were not responsive to CCL2 treatment. DCIS.com cells formed asymmetric cell clusters in Matrigel: Collagen. CCL2 treatment increased growth, decreased expression of E-cadherin and increased TWIST1 expression. CCR2 overexpression in SUM225 cells increased responsiveness to CCL2 treatment, enhancing growth and invasion. These phenotypes corresponded to increased expression of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) and decreased expression of the mitochondrial serine protease HTRA2. CCR2 deficiency in DCIS.com cells inhibited CCL2-mediated growth and invasion, corresponding to decreased ALDH1A1 expression and increased HTRA2 expression. ALDH1A1 and HTRA2 expression were modulated in CCR2-deficient and CCR2-overexpressing cell lines. We found that ALDH1A1 and HTRA2 regulates CCR2-mediated breast cancer cell growth and cellular invasion in a CCL2/CCR2 context-dependent manner. These data provide novel insight on the mechanisms of chemokine signaling in breast cancer cell growth and invasion, with important implications on targeted therapeutics for anti-cancer treatment.Susan G. Komen Foundation (CCR13261859)NIH CA17276

Updating 2019 Safe Corridors Reports

18-PROSV-00633NJDOT, in conjunction with the Division of State Police, is required to submit a Safe Corridors Program Assessment Report annually under N.J.S.A. 39:3-20.4. Therefore, there is a need to provide results of the safe corridor areas, as well as the highway safety projects and programs paid for by the fund, within the past year to the Senate Transportation Committee and the Assembly Transportation Committee, the President and minority leader of the Senate, and the Speaker and the minority leader of the General Assembly. This research was conducted in two phases. The first phase consisted of trend analysis for overall crashes within these designated areas, changes in fatal crashes and crash rates, and how that relates to the enforcement of stricter penalties associated with various traffic violations. The second phase provided an update to the selection methodology which is driven by Equivalent Property Damage Only (EPDO) values and crash thresholds. The selection process is based on prioritizing corridors with the highest crash costs, as well as crash thresholds consistent with various department priority lists and standards. The EPDO methodology is consistent with the grant program\u2019s method for distributing funds to municipalities through which the corridors pass

The Environment as an Unrecognized Reservoir for Community-Associated Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300: A Case-Control Study

BACKGROUND: Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections are spreading, but the source of infections in non-epidemic settings remains poorly defined. METHODS: We carried out a community-based, case-control study investigating socio-demographic risk factors and infectious reservoirs associated with MRSA infections. Case patients presented with CA-MRSA infections to a New York hospital. Age-matched controls without infections were randomly selected from the hospital's Dental Clinic patient population. During a home visit, case and control subjects completed a questionnaire, nasal swabs were collected from index respondents and household members and standardized environmental surfaces were swabbed. Genotyping was performed on S. aureus isolates. RESULTS: We enrolled 95 case and 95 control subjects. Cases more frequently reported diabetes mellitus and a higher number of skin infections among household members. Among case households, 53 (56%) were environmentally contaminated with S. aureus, compared to 36 (38%) control households (p = .02). MRSA was detected on fomites in 30 (32%) case households and 5 (5%; p<.001) control households. More case patients, 20 (21%) were nasally colonized with MRSA than were control indexes, 2 (2%; p<.001). In a subgroup analysis, the clinical isolate (predominantly USA300), was more commonly detected on environmental surfaces in case households with recurrent MRSA infections (16/36, 44%) than those without (14/58, 24%, p = .04). CONCLUSIONS: The higher frequency of environmental contamination of case households with S. aureus in general and MRSA in particular implicates this as a potential reservoir for recolonization and increased risk of infection. Environmental colonization may contribute to the community spread of epidemic strains such as USA300

Nutrient Acquisition Strategies Augment Growth in Tropical N2‐Fixing Trees in Nutrient‐Poor Soil and Under Elevated CO2

Tropical forests play a dominant role in the global carbon (C) cycle, and models predict increases in tropical net primary productivity (NPP) and C storage in response to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. The extent to which increasing CO2 will enhance NPP depends in part on the availability of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to support growth. Some tropical trees can potentially overcome nutrient limitation by acquiring N via symbiotic dinitrogen (N2) fixation, which may provide a benefit in acquiring P via investment in N‐rich phosphatase enzymes or arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. We conducted a seedling experiment to investigate the effects of elevated CO2 and soil nutrient availability on the growth of two N2‐fixing and two non‐N2‐fixing tropical tree species. We hypothesized that under elevated CO2 and at low nutrient availability (i.e., low N and P), N2 fixers would have higher growth rates than non‐N2 fixers because N2 fixers have a greater capacity to acquire both N and P. We also hypothesized that differences in growth rates between N2 fixers and non‐N2 fixers would decline as nutrient availability increases because N2 fixers no longer have an advantage in nutrient acquisition. We found that the N2 fixers had higher growth rates than the non‐N2 fixers under elevated CO2 and at low nutrient availability, and that the difference in growth rates between the N2 and non‐N2 fixers declined as nutrient availability increased, irrespective of CO2. Overall, N2 fixation, root phosphatase activity, and AM colonization decreased with increasing nutrient availability, and increased under elevated CO2 at low nutrient availability. Further, AM colonization was positively related to the growth of the non‐N2 fixers, whereas both N2 fixation and root phosphatase activity were positively related to the growth of the N2 fixers. Though our results indicate all four tree species have the capacity to up‐ or down‐regulate nutrient acquisition to meet their stoichiometric demands, the greater capacity for the N2 fixers to acquire both N and P may enable them to overcome nutritional constraints to NPP under elevated CO2, with implications for the response of tropical forests to future environmental change