Funcionamiento neuropsicológico en niños y niñas de 6-11 años expuestos a violencia de pareja: una revisión sistemática

Intimate partner violence has been widely studied for centuries, focusing especially on women, who have been the main victims of this phenomenon; however, not enough attention has been paid to minors who are constantly exposed to this type of violence, who can be affected in the same proportion. For this reason, this research aims to synthesize the available evidence on neuropsychological functioning in children aged 6 to 11 years exposed to intimate partner violence, given that before previous situations they may present irreversible alterations in the brain. It is hoped to contribute to the understanding of the neuropsychological profile of children exposed to intimate partner violence, since not enough scientific evidence has been found to allow us to know if these children also present signs of neuropsychological alterations. To achieve this end, a literature review was carried out in which the articles and thesis that has been published between the years 2005-2020 were compiled, based on the keywords; minors, partner violence, neuropsychological profile and child abuse, present in the databases: Scielo, Redalyc, Scopus, Science Direct, Google scholar and PubMed. The results of 6 articles and 6 thesis were analyzed. It was concluded that the most frequent neuropsychological alterations in minors exposed to intimate partner violence are attention, memory, language and executive functions.La violencia de pareja ha sido estudiada ampliamente desde siglos atrás, centrando su atención en las mujeres quienes han sido las principales víctimas de este fenómeno; sin embargo, no se ha prestado suficiente interés a los menores expuestos de manera constante a este tipo de violencia, los cuales pueden verse afectados en igual proporción. Es por esto, que con la presente investigación se pretende sintetizar la evidencia disponible sobre el funcionamiento neuropsicológico en niños y niñas de 6-11 años expuestos a violencia de pareja, dado que al enfrentarse a dichas situaciones pueden llegar a presentar alteraciones irreversibles en el cerebro. Se espera contribuir a la comprensión del perfil neuropsicológico de los niños y niña expuestos a violencia de pareja, puesto que no se ha encontrado suficiente evidencia científica que permita conocer si estos menores también presentan signos de alteraciones neuropsicológicas. Para alcanzar tal fin, se llevó a cabo una revisión de la literatura en donde se recopilaron los artículos y tesis que hayan sido publicados entre los años 2005-2020, con base a las palabras claves; menores, violencia de pareja, perfil neuropsicológico y maltrato infantil, presentes en las bases de datos: Scielo, Redalyc, Scopus, Science Direct, Google scholar y PubMed. Se analizaron los resultados de 6 artículos y 6 tesis y se llegó a la conclusión que las alteraciones neuropsicológicas más frecuentes en menores expuestos a violencia de pareja son a nivel de atención, memoria, lenguaje y funciones ejecutivas

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

No violencia, perdón y reconciliación

La noviolencia, el perdón y reconciliación son elementos cruciales para la sana convivencia y desarrollo de las sociedades actuales que atraviesan por flagelos de violencia incesante. Estos tres componentes guiadores a la paz y la armonía comunitaria. La cartilla noviolencia, perdón y reconciliación se construyó con poblaciones de víctimas, líderes sociales y académicos focalizados en las áreas abordadas en el barrio Las Gardenias. Dentro de este espacio se expresaron sus ideas, sentimientos y posturas desde su experiencia individual, permitiendo contemplar así la visión del afectado y de los que luchan por eliminar o apaciguar sus consecuenciasPrimera Edició

Libro de Proyectos Finales 2021 primer semestre

PregradoIngeniero CivilIngeniero de SistemasIngeniero ElectricistaIngeniero ElectrónicoIngeniero IndustrialIngeniero Mecánic

Number of Hajj Pilgrims Departured(1) to the Holyland of Mecca by Province, 2012–2015

The azimuthal asymmetry in the risetime of signals in Auger surface detector stations is a source of information on shower development. The azimuthal asymmetry is due to a combination of the longitudinal evolution of the shower and geometrical effects related to the angles of incidence of the particles into the detectors. The magnitude of the effect depends upon the zenith angle and state of development of the shower and thus provides a novel observable, (secθ)max, sensitive to the mass composition of cosmic rays above 3×1018 eV. By comparing measurements with predictions from shower simulations, we find for both of our adopted models of hadronic physics (QGSJETII-04 and EPOS-LHC) an indication that the mean cosmic-ray mass increases slowly with energy, as has been inferred from other studies. However, the mass estimates are dependent on the shower model and on the range of distance from the shower core selected. Thus the method has uncovered further deficiencies in our understanding of shower modeling that must be resolved before the mass composition can be inferred from (secθ)max