Optimization of the fermentation conditions of musts from Pedro Ximenez grapes grown in Southern Spain. Production of higher alcohols and esters

Musts from Vitis vinifera Pedro Ximenez grapes with sugar contents of 191, 241, 300 and 342 g/l were fermented at controlled temperatures of 15, 20, 25 and 30°C. The fraction of higher alcohols and esters was determined by GLC in a capillary column. By variance analysis significant differences (p~0,01) were obtained in the production of isoamyl alcohols and 2-phenylethanol at the different fermentation temperatures, while the hexanol-1 content was found to depend on the degree of ripeness of the grapes. Only the contents in 2-phenylethyl acetate and ethyl octanoate among the esters assayed were found to depend significantly on the fermentation temperature, and only that of hexyl acetate was found to depend on the degree of ripeness (p~0,01). Taking into account the production of ethanol, higher alcohols and esters, the best results were obtained at fermentation temperatures between 20° and 25°C, for both white table wines (12% v/v ethanol) and sherry type fine wines (15% v/v ethanol)

Flavour in "Pedro Ximénez" grape musts subjected to maceration processes

Crushed grapes of  Vitis vinifera cv. Pedro Ximenez were macerated at 10, 15 and 25°C for 4, 16, 24 and 48 hours. The musts obtained after pressing were used for the determination of higher alcohols, esters and terpene compounds. The data was subjected to discriminant analysis, obtaining three functions of difficult interpretation. A fruitiness index (SIGMA favourable aromas/SIGMA unfavourable aromas) x 100 and the total of phenolic compounds were subjected to variance and multiple range analyses which revealed significant differences (p<0.01) for maceration times and temperatures. Taking into account the fruitiness index and phenolic compound values, as well as the significant differences obtained by multifactorial (time-temperature) variance analysis, the 24 h-10°C, 4 h-15°C, 16 h-15°C and 24 h-15°C were the best condition

Electric and magnetic dipolar response of Germanium spheres: Interference effects, scattering anisotropy and optical forces

We address the scattering cross sections, and their consequences, for submicrometer Germanium spheres. It is shown that there is a wide window in the near infrared where light scattering by these particles is fully described by their induced electric and magnetic dipoles. In this way, we observe remarkable anisotropic scattering angular distributions, as well as zero forward or backward scattered intensities, which until recently was theoretically demonstrated only for hypothetically postulated magnetodielectric spheres. Also, interesting new effects of the optical forces exerted on these objects are now obtained.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure

Nebular abundances of southern symbiotic stars

We have calculated relative elemental abundances for a sample of 43 symbiotic stars. Helium abundances and the relative elemental abundances N/O, Ne/O, Ar/O were derived from new spectra collected in the optical range through low dispersion spectroscopy. The He ionic abundances were derived taking into account self-absorption effects in Balmer lines. We found that the symbiotic stars in the galactic bulge have heavy element abundances showing the same wide distribution as other bulge objects. In the galactic disk, the symbiotic stars follow the abundance gradient as derived from different kinds of objects.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, A&A - accepte

Erratum

Flavour in "Pedro Ximénez" grape musts subjected to maceration processesVitis 33 (2), 87-91 (1994

The Holocene volcanism of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain)

This work presents the first detailed map of the Holocene eruptions of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain). It provides complete and detailed information for all 24 Holocene eruptions of Gran Canaria, improving the knowledge of this recent volcanism and the assessment of volcanic hazards on the island. This map is a synthesis of collated and interpreted field data and topographic maps. We have integrated information obtained from: (1) detailed geological field surveys, (2) morphometric analysis of eruptive deposits, (3) high-resolution digital elevation models, and (4) aerial photographs

Antígenos leucocitarios como genes candidatos para mejorar la respuesta inmune en cerdos

Leukocyte antigens (CD) have functions related to immune response and are of interest as classical candidate genes for health. Polymorphisms (e.g. SNPs) in these genes may be associated with variation in the immune response and consequently in disease response. This approach is being taken in search of susceptibility genes for swine disease. In addition, these genes may vary between populations, especially where specific adaptation to pathogens has occurred, and are of potential interest in characterising pig biodiversity.Los antígenos leucocitarios (CD) tienen funciones relacionadas con la respuesta inmune y son de interés con genes candidatos clásicos para la salud. Los Polimorfismos (ej. SNPs) en estos genes pueden estar asociados con variaciones en la respuesta inmune y consecuentemente con la respuesta a la enfermedad. Este ensayo se está desarrollando en la búsqueda de susceptibilidades genéticas a enfermedades porcinas. Adicionalmente, estos genes pueden variar entre poblaciones, especialmente en la que han ocurrido adaptaciones a patógenos, y suponen un interés potencial para la caracterización de la biodiversidad porcina

Agentic Dying: the global imperative to acknowledge socio-anthropological aspects in Palliative Care Services for all

This chapter proposes three socio-anthropological arguments to be inbuilt into palliative care. First, pain is a biological condition and a social intersubjective relation (Das, 1995; Kleinman et al., 1997; Djordjevic, 2021). Saunders (2006) reimagined and reconceptualised this complexity as ‘total pain’. Second, modern hospices and homes are not the only locations where people may die. They can be places where dying is treated more humanely and sympathetically (Sallnow et al., 2022). Third, the concept of agentic dying, based on Castoriadis’ idea of autonomy (1987; 1991; 1992; 1997), opens the space for self reflection about dying processes with the facilitation of health professionals and institutions, which help reduce suffering. In turn, this enables us to critically reflect upon how, where, and with whom, we wish to die. The United Kingdom (UK) and Colombia are used to illustrate these issues

Recovery of the physiological status in professional basketball players using NESA neuromodulation treatment during different types of microcycles in season: A preliminary randomized clinical trial.

The purpose of the study was to describe and compare recovery status after official basketball competition in players who underwent NESA neuromodulation treatment (NNT) in weeks with one or two matches. The recovery parameters of 12 professional male basketball players (mean ± SD, age: 20.6 ± 2.7 yr; height: 197.8 ± 11.7 cm; and body mass: 89.0 ± 21.2 kg) that competed in the LEB Plata (Spanish third division) were monitored 2 days after match-play over 6 weeks, and included: 1) the Hooper Test, which combines four subjective variables (sleep, stress, fatigue and soreness); 2) common biochemical markers (e.g., testosterone, cortisol and ratio T:C); and 3) lowest heart rate [HR], average HR, HR variability, sleep duration, awake time during night and onset latency before asleep). Players that completed NNT presented differences compared to the control group in sleep data. For instance, the lowest HR (p < 0.001), average HR (p < 0.001) and total awake time (p = 0.04) were significantly reduced in the NNT group. On the contrary, the control group presented greater values than the NNT group in the subjective Hooper Test, although only stress presented significant differences (Control 2.5 ± 1.2 vs. NNT cost or 3.2 ± 0.9; p = 0.01). Additionally, there were no significant differences in recovery parameters between weeks with one or two matches. In conclusion, the results suggest that players that underwent NNT tended to improve their sleep quality. Nevertheless, player’s values in the biochemical markers and wellness status remained similar in both groups. The fact that no significant differences were found between weeks with one or two matches could help basketball professionals to determine that a congested schedule does not seem to negatively alter recovery status.post-print1317 K