Sensory organ like response determines the magnetism of zigzag-edged honeycomb nanoribbons

We present an analytical theory for the magnetic phase diagram for zigzag edge terminated honeycomb nanoribbons described by a Hubbard model with an interaction parameter U . We show that the edge magnetic moment varies as ln U and uncover its dependence on the width W of the ribbon. The physics of this owes its origin to the sensory organ like response of the nanoribbons, demonstrating that considerations beyond the usual Stoner-Landau theory are necessary to understand the magnetism of these systems. A first order magnetic transition from an anti-parallel orientation of the moments on opposite edges to a parallel orientation occurs upon doping with holes or electrons. The critical doping for this transition is shown to depend inversely on the width of the ribbon. Using variational Monte-Carlo calculations, we show that magnetism is robust to fluctuations. Additionally, we show that the magnetic phase diagram is generic to zigzag edge terminated nanostructures such as nanodots. Furthermore, we perform first principles modeling to show how such magnetic transitions can be realized in substituted graphene nanoribbons.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

A Statistical and Multiwavelength Photometric Analysis of a Young Embedded Open Star Cluster: IC 1590

We present a statistical and multiwavelength photometric studies of young open cluster IC 1590. We identified 91 cluster members using $Gaia$ DR3 astrometry data using ensemble-based unsupervised machine learning techniques. From $Gaia$ EDR3 data, we estimate the best-fitted parameters for IC 1590 using the Automated Stellar Cluster Analysis package (ASteCA) yielding the distance $d$ $\sim$ 2.87 $\pm$ 0.02 Kpc, age $\sim$ 3.54 $\pm$ 0.05 Myr, metallicity $z$ $\sim$ 0.0212 $\pm$ 0.003, binarity value of $\sim$ 0.558, and extinction $A_v$ $\sim$ 1.252 $\pm$ 0.4 mag for an $R_v$ value of $\sim$ 3.322 $\pm$ 0.23. We estimate the initial mass function slope of the cluster to be $\alpha$ = 1.081 $\pm$ 0.112 for single stars and $\alpha$ = 1.490 $\pm$ 0.051 for a binary fraction of $\sim$ 0.558 in the mass range 1 M$_{\odot}$ $\leq$ m(M$_{\odot}$) $\leq$ 100 M$_{\odot}$. The $G$-band luminosity function slope is estimated to be $\sim$ 0.33 $\pm$ 0.09. We use $(J-H)$ versus $(H-K_s)$ color-color diagram to identify young stellar objects (YSOs). We found that all the identified YSOs have ages $\leq$ 2 Myr and masses $\sim$ 0.35 - 5.5 M$_{\odot}$. We also fit the radial surface density profile. Using the galpy we performed orbit analysis of the cluster. The extinction map for the cluster region has been generated using the PNICER technique and it is almost similar to the dust structure obtained from the 500 $\mu$$m$ dust continuum emissions map of $Herschel$ SPIRE. We finally at the end discussed the star formation scenario in the cluster region

Helical edge states in multiple topological mass domains

The two-dimensional topological insulating phase has been experimentally discovered in HgTe quantum wells (QWs). The low-energy physics of two-dimensional topological insulators (TIs) is described by the Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang (BHZ) model, where the realization of a topological or a normal insulating phase depends on the Dirac mass being negative or positive, respectively. We solve the BHZ model for a mass domain configuration, analyzing the effects on the edge modes of a finite Dirac mass in the normal insulating region (soft-wall boundary condition). We show that at a boundary between a TI and a normal insulator (NI), the Dirac point of the edge states appearing at the interface strongly depends on the ratio between the Dirac masses in the two regions. We also consider the case of multiple boundaries such as NI/TI/NI, TI/NI/TI and NI/TI/NI/TI.Comment: 11 pages, 15 figure

Helical edge states in multiple topological mass domains

The two-dimensional topological insulating phase has been experimentally discovered in HgTe quantum wells (QWs). The low-energy physics of two-dimensional topological insulators (TIs) is described by the Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang (BHZ) model, where the realization of a topological or a normal insulating phase depends on the Dirac mass being negative or positive, respectively. We solve the BHZ model for a mass domain configuration, analyzing the effects on the edge modes of a finite Dirac mass in the normal insulating region (soft-wall boundary condition). We show that at a boundary between a TI and a normal insulator (NI), the Dirac point of the edge states appearing at the interface strongly depends on the ratio between the Dirac masses in the two regions. We also consider the case of multiple boundaries such as NI/TI/NI, TI/NI/TI and NI/TI/NI/TI.Comment: 11 pages, 15 figure

The Barrier Method: A Technique for Calculating Very Long Transition Times

In many dynamical systems there is a large separation of time scales between typical events and "rare" events which can be the cases of interest. Rare-event rates are quite difficult to compute numerically, but they are of considerable practical importance in many fields: for example transition times in chemical physics and extinction times in epidemiology can be very long, but are quite important. We present a very fast numerical technique that can be used to find long transition times (very small rates) in low-dimensional systems, even if they lack detailed balance. We illustrate the method for a bistable non-equilibrium system introduced by Maier and Stein and a two-dimensional (in parameter space) epidemiology model.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figure

Computation of nucleation of a non-equilibrium first-order phase transition using a rare-event algorithm

We introduce a new Forward-Flux Sampling in Time (FFST) algorithm to efficiently measure transition times in rare-event processes in non-equilibrium systems, and apply it to study the first-order (discontinuous) kinetic transition in the Ziff-Gulari-Barshad model of catalytic surface reaction. The average time for the transition to take place, as well as both the spinodal and transition points, are clearly found by this method.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figure

Multi-wavelength polarimetric study towards the open cluster NGC 1893

We present multi-wavelength linear polarimetric observations for 44 stars of the NGC 1893 young open cluster region along with V-band polarimetric observations of stars of other four open clusters located between l ~160 to ~175 degree. We found evidence for the presence of two dust layers located at a distance of ~170 pc and ~360 pc. The dust layers produce a polarization Pv ~2.2%. It is evident from the clusters studied in the present work that, in the Galactic longitude range l ~160 to 175 degree and within the Galactic plane (|b| < 2 degree), the polarization angles remain almost constant, with a mean ~163 degree and a dispersion of 6 degree. The small dispersion in polarization angle could be due to the presence of uniform dust layer beyond 1 kpc. Present observations reveal that in case of NGC 1893, the foreground two dust layers, in addition to the intracluster medium, seems to be responsible for the polarization effects. It is also found that towards the direction of NGC 1893, the dust layer that exists between 2-3 kpc has a negligible contribution towards the total observed polarization. The weighted mean for percentage of polarization (Pmax) and the wavelength at maximum polarization ({\lambda}max) are found to be 2.59 \pm 0.02% and 0.55 \pm 0.01 \mum respectively. The estimated mean value of {\lambda}max indicates that the average size of the dust grains within the cluster is similar to that in the general interstellar medium. The spatial variation of the polarization is found to decrease towards the outer region of the cluster. In the present work, we support the notion, as already has been shown in previous studies, that polarimetry, in combination with (U-B)/(B-V) colour-colour diagram, is a useful tool for identifying non-members in a cluster.Comment: 36 pages, 12 figures, 10 tables, accepted for the publication in MNRA

Physical Electronics and Surface Physics

Contains research objectives, summary of research and reports on two research projects.Joint Services Electronics Programs (U. S. Army, U. S. Navy, and U. S. Air Force) under Contract DAAB07-71-C-0300National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant NGR 22-009-091