Pasture characteristics of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia fertilized with nitrogen in the end of summer

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a massa de forragem, os componentes morfológicos e o valor nutritivo de Panicum maximum cultivar Tanzânia, com aplicação de uma segunda dose de adubação nitrogenada em março, no final do verão. Anualmente, foram aplicados em cobertura 50, 17,5 e 33,2 kg ha-1 de N, P e K, respectivamente, em novembro. Além disso, a metade da área recebeu 50 kg ha-1 de N adicional, em março. Os tratamentos foram doses de 50 e 100 kg ha-1 de N em pastos de capim-tanzânia. Os piquetes foram subdivididos em seis e submetidos ao pastejo rotacionado. Foram avaliados a massa de forragem, os componentes morfológicos e o valor nutritivo. A aplicação adicional de N, em março, promoveu aumento nas taxas de acúmulo de matéria seca verde e de lâmina foliares, com maiores efeitos no outono. Houve acréscimos nos teores de proteína bruta e de digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica da forrageira logo após a aplicação do N. A adubação com 50 kg ha-1 por ano de N foi suficiente para manter a produção de forragem estável durante três anos, sob pastejo. A aplicação de 50 kg ha-1 por ano de N adicional, em março, diminuiu a estacionalidade da produção forrageira, além de produzir forragem de maior valor nutritivo durante o outono.The objective of this work was to evaluate the forage yield, morphological components and nutritive value of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia, with a second application of nitrogen fertilizer in March, at the end of summer. Maintenance fertilizer was 50, 17.5 and 33.2 kg ha-1 of N, P and K, respectively, applied annually, in November. Besides, in half of the area, an additional 50 kg ha-1 of N was applied, in March. The treatments were tanzânia pasture with two levels of nitrogen fertilization, 50 and 100 kg ha-1. The paddocks were divided in six plots, and submitted to a rotational grazing. Forage yield, percentages of the morphological components and nutritive value were evaluated. The accumulation rates of green dry matter and leaf dry matter, mainly in autumn, were greater for pastures that received 50 kg ha-1 of N additional in March. There were increases in the percentages of crude protein and in vitro organic matter digestibility, before and after grazing, after nitrogen application. The fertilization with 50 kg ha-1 per year of N was enough to keep forage yield stable during three years under grazing. The fertilization with additional 50 kg ha-1 per year of N, in March, decreased seasonal dependence of forage production, besides yielding forage with a higher nutritive value during autumn

Diferimento de pastos de braquiária cultivares Basilisk e Marandu, na região do Cerrado

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o acúmulo de forragem e o valor nutritivo de pastos de Brachiaria decumbens e Brachiaria brizantha, diferidos em fevereiro e março e pastejados durante o período seco. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas. As parcelas principais foram constituídas pelas espécies de Brachiaria e as subparcelas pela época de diferimento. Os pastos diferidos em fevereiro apresentaram maiores massas de matéria seca total (MST) e de matéria seca de lâmina foliar (MSLF) quando comparados aos pastos diferidos em março. As médias para essas variáveis, em fevereiro e em março, foram 4.530 e 3.160 kg ha-1 de MST, e 935 e 680 kg ha-1 de MSLF, respectivamente. Independentemente da espécie forrageira e da época de diferimento, houve decréscimos nas massas de forragem disponíveis, nos teores de proteína bruta e na digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica, ao longo do período de utilização. O acúmulo de forragem, em ambas as espécies, foi suficiente para suportar 3 UA ha-1, durante todo o período seco. Independentemente da época de diferimento, os conteúdos de proteína bruta e de energia desses pastos foram limitantes à produção animal

Características do pasto de capim-tanzânia adubado com nitrogênio no final do verão Pasture characteristics of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia fertilized with nitrogen in the end of summer

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a massa de forragem, os componentes morfológicos e o valor nutritivo de Panicum maximum cultivar Tanzânia, com aplicação de uma segunda dose de adubação nitrogenada em março, no final do verão. Anualmente, foram aplicados em cobertura 50, 17,5 e 33,2 kg ha-1 de N, P e K, respectivamente, em novembro. Além disso, a metade da área recebeu 50 kg ha-1 de N adicional, em março. Os tratamentos foram doses de 50 e 100 kg ha-1 de N em pastos de capim-tanzânia. Os piquetes foram subdivididos em seis e submetidos ao pastejo rotacionado. Foram avaliados a massa de forragem, os componentes morfológicos e o valor nutritivo. A aplicação adicional de N, em março, promoveu aumento nas taxas de acúmulo de matéria seca verde e de lâmina foliares, com maiores efeitos no outono. Houve acréscimos nos teores de proteína bruta e de digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica da forrageira logo após a aplicação do N. A adubação com 50 kg ha-1 por ano de N foi suficiente para manter a produção de forragem estável durante três anos, sob pastejo. A aplicação de 50 kg ha-1 por ano de N adicional, em março, diminuiu a estacionalidade da produção forrageira, além de produzir forragem de maior valor nutritivo durante o outono.<br>The objective of this work was to evaluate the forage yield, morphological components and nutritive value of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia, with a second application of nitrogen fertilizer in March, at the end of summer. Maintenance fertilizer was 50, 17.5 and 33.2 kg ha-1 of N, P and K, respectively, applied annually, in November. Besides, in half of the area, an additional 50 kg ha-1 of N was applied, in March. The treatments were tanzânia pasture with two levels of nitrogen fertilization, 50 and 100 kg ha-1. The paddocks were divided in six plots, and submitted to a rotational grazing. Forage yield, percentages of the morphological components and nutritive value were evaluated. The accumulation rates of green dry matter and leaf dry matter, mainly in autumn, were greater for pastures that received 50 kg ha-1 of N additional in March. There were increases in the percentages of crude protein and in vitro organic matter digestibility, before and after grazing, after nitrogen application. The fertilization with 50 kg ha-1 per year of N was enough to keep forage yield stable during three years under grazing. The fertilization with additional 50 kg ha-1 per year of N, in March, decreased seasonal dependence of forage production, besides yielding forage with a higher nutritive value during autumn

Direct antiviral therapy for treatment of hepatitis C: A real-world study from Brazil

Introduction and objectives: Direct antiviral agents (DAAs) including sofosbuvir (SOF), daclatasvir (DCV), simeprevir (SIM) and ombitasvir, paritaprevir and dasabuvir were introduced 2015 in Brazil for treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The aims of this study were to assess effectiveness and safety of HCV treatment with DAA in real-life world in a highly admixed population from Brazil. Materials and methods: All Brazilian reference centers for HCV treatment were invited to take part in a web-based registry, prospectively conducted by the Brazilian Society of Hepatology, to assess outcomes of HCV treatment in Brazil with DAAs. Data to be collected included demographics, disease severity and comorbidities, genotype (GT), viral load, DAA regimens, treatment side effects and sustained virological response (SVR). Results: 3939 patients (60% males, mean age 58 ± 10 years) throughout the country were evaluated. Most had advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis, GT1 and were treated with SOF/DCV or SOF/SIM. Overall SVR rates were higher than 95%. Subjects with decompensated cirrhosis, GT2 and GT3 have lower SVR rates of 85%, 90% and 91%, respectively. Cirrhosis and decompensated cirrhosis in GT1 and male sex and decompensated cirrhosis in GT3 were significantly associated with no SVR. Adverse events (AD) and serious AD occurred in 18% and 5% of those subjects, respectively, but less than 1% of patients required treatment discontinuation. Conclusion: SOF-based DAA regimens are effective and safe in the heterogeneous highly admixed Brazilian population and could remain an option for HCV treatment at least in low-income countries

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortiu (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module

We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care–associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line–associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN