Adolescent Perceptions of Parental Autonomy Support and Involvement: Outcomes on Adolescent Self-Efficacy

Adolescence is a challenging developmental period across domains of functioning. Parenting interactions impact one’s adjustment and well-being through this developmental period. These include Parental Autonomy Support, along with its reverse, psychological control, and Parental Involvement (Beato, Pereira, Barros, & Muris, 2016; Lansford et al., 2014; Levpušček, 2006; and Savard et al., 2013). Additionally, these parental characteristics influence the development of adolescent Self-Efficacy and its 3 subdomains: Emotional, Academic, and Social Self-Efficacy. The objective of this study was to explore how Parental Autonomy Support and Involvement, along with the subdomains of Parental Availability, Knowledge, and Concern and Social-Emotional Assets and Resilience predict adolescent Self-Efficacy. Students were recruited from one rural, public, combination middle and high school in the Pacific Northwest. Participants ranged in age from 12-18 and included Latin/x and European American youth, with an equal distribution of males to females. All students in the Pacific Northwest school were invited to participate. The Perceptions of Parents Scale-The Child Scale (POPS), the Self- Efficacy Questionnaire for Children (SEQ-C), Social-Emotional Assets and Resilience Scales- Adolescent Short Form (SEARS-A-SF) and a demographic questionnaire were administered to the participants. The first hypothesis was that Parental Autonomy Support, Parental Involvement, and Social-Emotional Assets and Resilience would positively predict Self-Efficacy in Academic, Social, and Emotional subdomains. The second hypothesis was that demographic variables would moderate the above relationships, indicating that racial/ethnic minorities and those with lower socioeconomic status required increased parental autonomy support, parental involvement, social-emotional functioning and resilience in order to establish similar levels of self-efficacy in academic, social, and emotional subdomains, as compared to their European American counterparts. The hypotheses were partially supported, with all groups (European American males, European American females, Latino males, and Latina females) having significant results suggesting parenting behaviors are impactful regardless of culture

Removal From Play Following Concussions In Pediatric Soccer Athletes

Participation in youth soccer and sport-related concussion incidence has increased dramatically over the last decade. Established medical guidelines and Texas state law require immediate removal from play and prohibit athletes from same-day return to play if a concussion is suspected. However, there is limited literature examining the rate at which immediate removal from play is occurring. PURPOSE: To identify the frequency of immediate removal from play in pediatric soccer players with sport-related concussions. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of 41 athletes diagnosed with a concussion sustained while playing soccer seen consecutively over a one year period. All patients were seen at a pediatric sports medicine center by a single provider. Medical records were reviewed for patient reported symptoms, as identified on the SCAT-3, and patient reported removal from play on the same day as the mechanism of injury. Demographics, previous history of concussion, soccer position, location of head impact, loss of consciousness, memory loss, and mechanism of injury were also reviewed when available. RESULTS: Of 41 patients treated for a soccer-related concussion, 14 were males and 27 were females, with a mean age of 14 (range 7-18). 16 (39%) patients reported delayed removal from play on the same day as initial injury. Although not considered statistically significant, 13 out of 27 females (48.1%) reported delayed removal from play after initial injury as compared to only 3 out of 14 males (21.4%). Additionally, no significant differences were noted in age, previous history of concussion, position, mechanism of injury, or impact location between those who were removed from play immediately and those who had delayed removal. Patients who experienced a loss of consciousness on day of injury were statistically more likely to experience immediate removal from play (p\u3c.05). There were no statistically significant differences noted in severity of symptoms between groups on the day of injury. Patients who were delayed in their removal from play reported a more severe symptom of “not feeling right” (p=.026) on the day of initial clinic visit. CONCLUSION: With a goal of immediate removal from play and no same-day return to play, increased education may help athletes and coaches better identify concussion symptoms and comply with current medical guidelines and applicable Texas state law. In the future, reviewing a larger sample size may improve understanding of the impact of delayed removal from play on recovery patterns and return to play

Levels of developmental assets and educational outcomes in young people in transitional living in Canada

"Developmental assets may be defined as significant relationships, skills, opportunities or values that protect young people in the presence of risk and promote their resilience. The purpose of this study was to discover whether high, medium, and low levels of developmental assets among transition-age young people in care were related to selected educational outcomes. If so, child welfare staff could potentially use their knowledge of a youth's level of assets to plan an appropriate level of educational assistance that would enable the youth to be more successful in his or her transition. The sample was composed of 567 young people (322 females and 245 males), aged 18-20 years, who were residing in a transitional living program in Ontario, Canada. The three levels of developmental assets were found to have statistically significant relationships with the seven educational outcomes examined that ranged between small-to-medium and strong in size. The educational outcomes consisted of the educational level in which the youth was currently enrolled, the highest educational level attained, average marks in school, participation in volunteering, employment, education or training, development of skills useful for employment, and adequacy of planning for the youth's education. The implications of the findings for rendering educational assistance to youths in particular need were discussed." (author's abstract)"Entwicklungsressourcen können als signifikante Beziehungen, Fähigkeiten, Chancen und Werte bestimmt werden, die Jugendliche in Risikolagen schützen und ihre Belastbarkeit fördern. Im Mittelpunkt der vorliegenden Studie stand die Frage, ob hohe, mittlere und niedrige Entwicklungsressourcenniveaus betreuter Jugendlicher in der Übergangsphase mit ausgewählten Bildungserfolgen in Zusammenhang stehen. Ist dies der Fall, könnten Fachkräfte ihr Wissen um die Entwicklungsressourcen von Jugendlichen nutzen, um eine angemessene pädagogische Begleitung zu planen, die Jugendlichen hilft, den Übergang erfolgreicher zu gestalten. Die Stichprobe der Studie setzte sich aus 567 jungen Menschen (322 Mädchen und 245 Jungen) im Alter von 18-20 Jahren zusammen, die ein Übergangsprogramm in Ontario (Kanada) durchliefen. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung zeigen, dass die drei Niveaus in unterschiedlicher Stärke statistisch signifikant mit Erfolgen in den sieben untersuchten Bildungsbereichen korrelieren. Diese umfassten den momentan angestrebten Bildungsabschluss, den höchsten bereits erreichten Bildungsabschluss, den Notendurchschnitt in der Schule, Partizipation in freiwilligen Engagements, Arbeit/ Beschäftigung, Bildung oder Training, die Entwicklung beschäftigungsrelevanter Fähigkeiten, sowie zukunftsorientierte Bildungspläne. Abschließend werden Folgerungen für die Begleitung von Jugendlichen mit spezifischen Bedürfnissen diskutiert." (Autorenreferat

Can a Low–Glycemic Index Diet Reduce the Need for Insulin in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus?: A randomized trial

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Continued Play Following Sport-Related Concussion in United States Youth Soccer

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(6): 87-100, 2020. Medical guidelines and legislation in the US call for immediate removal from play and prohibit continued play on the same day if a concussion is suspected. However, there is limited literature examining whether these guidelines and laws are being followed in youth soccer. The purpose of this study was to identify the frequency at which youth soccer players continued play on the same day following sport-related concussion and factors that may be associated with this behavior. A retrospective review of youth soccer players diagnosed at the initial clinic visit with a sport-related concussion was performed. Participants were categorized into groups, those who continued play on the same day as their concussion (PLAY) and those who did not (NO PLAY). Records were reviewed for demographics, injury characteristics, SCAT3™ symptoms, mBESS and ImPACT® results, symptom resolution and return to play protocol initiation. Fifty-eight girls (mean age: 14 years, range: 7-18 years) and 29 boys (mean age: 14.4 years, range: 6-18 years) participated in this study. Thirty of 58 girls (51.7%) continued play the same day compared to only 5 of 29 boys (17.2%; p=0.002). The odds of continued play in girls were 5 times as high as the odds of continued play in boys (OR=5.05; 95% CI, 1.59-19.3). Overall, 35 (40.2%) soccer players continued play on the same day following a concussion. In conclusion, approximately 40% of youth soccer players continued play on the same day as their concussion. Girl soccer players demonstrated a significantly higher frequency of continued play than boys

By and for Us: The Development of a Program for Peer Review of Teaching by and for Pre-Tenure Librarians

Seven pre-tenure librarians at the University Library at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) created a peer review of teaching (PROT) group. This article provides an overview of the library literature on PROT and identifies the commonalities and variations found in PROT programs. The development, implementation, and benefits of the PROT program at IUPUI are discussed as well as outcomes pertaining to benefits for the observed, the observer, and for the PROT group as a whole. The authors also found that the implementation of a PROT program can enhance the sense of community among colleagues

Psychological Abuse, Mental Health, and Acceptance of Dating Violence Among Adolescents

Purpose Existing literature indicates that acceptance of dating violence is a significant and robust risk factor for psychological dating abuse perpetration. Past work also indicates a significant relationship between psychological dating abuse perpetration and poor mental health. However, no known research has examined the relationship between acceptance of dating violence, perpetration of dating abuse, and mental health. In addition to exploring this complex relationship, the present study examines whether psychological abuse perpetration mediates the relationship between acceptance of dating violence and mental health (i.e., internalizing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and hostility). Methods Three waves of longitudinal data were obtained from 1,042 ethnically diverse high school students in Texas. Participants completed assessments of psychological dating abuse perpetration, acceptance of dating violence, and internalizing symptoms (hostility and symptoms of anxiety and depression). Results As predicted, results indicated that perpetration of psychological abuse was significantly associated with acceptance of dating violence and all internalizing symptoms. Furthermore, psychological abuse mediated the relationship between acceptance of dating violence and internalizing symptoms. Conclusions Findings from the present study suggest that acceptance of dating violence is an important target for the prevention of dating violence and related emotional distress

Multiple doublesex-Related Genes Specify Critical Cell Fates in a C. elegans Male Neural Circuit

In most animal species, males and females exhibit differences in behavior and morphology that relate to their respective roles in reproduction. DM (Doublesex/MAB-3) domain transcription factors are phylogenetically conserved regulators of sexual development. They are thought to establish sexual traits by sex-specifically modifying the activity of general developmental programs. However, there are few examples where the details of these interactions are known, particularly in the nervous system.In this study, we show that two C. elegans DM domain genes, dmd-3 and mab-23, regulate sensory and muscle cell development in a male neural circuit required for mating. Using genetic approaches, we show that in the circuit sensory neurons, dmd-3 and mab-23 establish the correct pattern of dopaminergic (DA) and cholinergic (ACh) fate. We find that the ETS-domain transcription factor gene ast-1, a non-sex-specific, phylogenetically conserved activator of dopamine biosynthesis gene transcription, is broadly expressed in the circuit sensory neuron population. However, dmd-3 and mab-23 repress its activity in most cells, promoting ACh fate instead. A subset of neurons, preferentially exposed to a TGF-beta ligand, escape this repression because signal transduction pathway activity in these cells blocks dmd-3/mab-23 function, allowing DA fate to be established. Through optogenetic and pharmacological approaches, we show that the sensory and muscle cell characteristics controlled by dmd-3 and mab-23 are crucial for circuit function.In the C. elegans male, DM domain genes dmd-3 and mab-23 regulate expression of cell sub-type characteristics that are critical for mating success. In particular, these factors limit the number of DA neurons in the male nervous system by sex-specifically regulating a phylogenetically conserved dopamine biosynthesis gene transcription factor. Homologous interactions between vertebrate counterparts could regulate sex differences in neuron sub-type populations in the brain

Vereckei criteria as a diagnostic tool amongst emergency medicine residents to distinguish between ventricular tachycardia and supra-ventricular tachycardia with aberrancy

SummaryBackgroundAccurate electrocardiographic (ECG) differentiation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) from supraventricular tachycardia with aberrancy (SVT-A) on ECG is key to therapeutic decision-making in the emergency department (ED) setting.ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to test the accuracy and agreement of emergency medicine residents to differentiate VT from SVT-A using the Vereckei criteria.MethodsSix emergency medicine residents volunteered to participate in the review of 114 ECGs from 86 patients with a diagnosis of either VT or SVT-A based on an electrophysiology study. The resident reviewers initially read 12-lead ECGs blinded to clinical information, and then one week later reviewed a subset of the same 12-lead ECGs unblinded to clinical information.ResultsOne reviewer was excluded for failing to follow study protocol and one reviewer was excluded for reviewing less than 50 blinded ECGs. The remaining four reviewers each read 114 common ECGs blinded to clinical data and their diagnostic accuracy for VT was 74% (sensitivity 70%, specificity 80%), 75% (sensitivity 76%, specificity 73%), 61% (sensitivity 81%, specificity 25%), and 68% (sensitivity 84%, specificity 40%). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.31 (95% CI 0.22–0.42). Eliminating two of the four reviewers who left a disproportionately high number of ECGs unclassified resulted in an increase in overall mean diagnostic accuracy (70–74%) and agreement (0.31–0.50) in the two remaining reviewers. Three reviewers read 45 common ECGs unblinded to clinical information and had accuracies for VT 93%, 93% and 78%.ConclusionThe new single lead Vereckei criteria, when applied by emergency medicine residents achieved only fair-to-good individual accuracy and moderate agreement. The addition of clinical information resulted in substantial improvement in test characteristics. Further improvements (accuracy and simplification) of algorithms for differentiating VT from SVT-A would be helpful prior to clinical implementation