Samonadzor in moralnost mladih v slovenskem osnovnošolskem in srednješolskem vzorcu

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to test one of the main concepts of Situational Action Theory – the concept of the crime propensity on a large Slovenian sample of young people ages 13–17. Crime propensity is constructed from self-control scale and moral values scale. Design/Methods/Approach: The factor analysis was used to see if separate dimensions of self-control could be distinguished. A multiple regression was run to predict 16 self-reported delinquent acts from morality and self-control variables, which represented generalized crime propensity index. Findings: On the basis of 19 questions concerning self-control and moral values, almost one third of variance of self-reporting of 16 different delinquent acts was explained. The construct of crime propensity was proven relevant even with different methodology. Research Limitations / Implications: Even though YouPrev study employed a similar set of questions concerning self-control and moral values, some very cruicial differences should be noted between the two studiesthe most important is the inclusion of risk-taking component in the self-control scale in the YouPrev study which was not included in the PADS+ study. Originality/Value: The paper presents the analysis that hasn’t been made yet in connection with self-reported delinquency acts in Slovenia.Namen prispevka: Namen prispevka je preverjanje zanesljivosti enega najbolj ključnih konceptov situacijskoakcijske teorije, in sicer koncepta nagnjenosti h kriminaliteti na vzorcu skoraj 2.000 adolescentov iz Slovenije, starih 13–17 let. Koncept nagnjenosti je sestavljen iz posameznikovega samonadzora in moralnih vrednot. Metode: Različne dimenzije koncepta samonadzora so bile preverjane s faktorsko analizo. Večkratna regresija je bila opravljena z odvisno spremenljivko samonaznanjenimi prestopniškimi dejanji in neodvisnimi spremenljivkami samonadzora ter moralnih vrednot. Ugotovitve: Skorajda tretjina variance odvisne spremenljivke prestopniških dejanj je bila pojasnjena na podlagi 19 vprašanj glede samonadzora in moralnih vrednot. Konstrukt nagnjenosti h kriminaliteti se je izkazal za relevantnega tudi pri spremenjenih vprašanjih in v drugačnem kulturnem okolju. Omejitve/uporabnost raziskave Čeprav je raziskava YouPrev uporabljala podoben nabor vprašanj, ki so se dotikala samonadzora in moralnih vrednot, je treba opozoriti na nekatere bistvene razlike med raziskavamanajbolj bistvena razlika je vključitev spremenljivk, ki merijo tvegano početje v raziskavi YouPrev in odsotnost te komponente samonadzora v raziskavi PADS+. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: Prispevek predstavlja analizo, ki v povezavi s samonaznanjenimi prestopniškimi dejanji v Sloveniji še ni bila opravljena

Skrito nasilje na delovnem mestu - med zanikanjem in trpljenjem

Razlog za pisanje prispevka je dejstvo, da je psihično nasilje (mobbing/bullying) dandanes postalo realnost marsikaterega zaposlenega in delovnih okolij povsod po svetu. Ima resne in uničujoče posledice, tako za žrtev kot tudi za ostale sodelavce, celotno organizacijo in družbo nasploh. Cilj prispevka je opisati fenomenologijo psihičnega nasilja na delovnem mestu in poudariti resnost posledic mobbinga na vseh ravneh

Postopkovna pravičnost, legitimnost policijske dejavnosti in pripravljenost mladih ljudi za sodelovanje s policijo v Sloveniji

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to test various research hypotheses derived from the process-based model of policing. More specifically, the effect of procedural justice judgments on perceived police legitimacy is empirically scrutinized. The influence of police legitimacy on a variety of forms of public cooperation with police is also adjudicated. Design/Methods/Approach: This study tests process-based model hypotheses using cross-sectional data from pencil-and-paper surveys administered to 683 individuals 18 years and older who were enrolled in 6 high schools located in Maribor and Ljubljana, Slovenia. A series of linear regression equations are estimated for purposes of hypothesis testing. Findings: The regression analyses show that procedural justice is a strong correlate of police legitimacy, and that the latter influences public cooperation, net of police effectiveness. However, when the public cooperation scale is disaggregated, the effect of police legitimacy varies across different cooperation outcomes. When the police legitimacy scale is disaggregated into its component parts, only the effect of trust in police is statistically significant. The impact of obligation to obey on public cooperation with police is effectively zero. Research Limitations/Implications: Future process-based model research should not only assess the effects of the different dimensions of police legitimacy (i.e., obligation to obey and trust in police), but also test the impact of police legitimacy on disaggregated public cooperation with police measures. Doing otherwise increases the risk of masking differential effects. Practical Implications: Results from this study underscore the utility of process-based policing practices. Police officials in Slovenia and elsewhere should seriously consider seeking out and/or developing training curricula that teach and promote fair and just practices. Originality/Value: This study extends prior research in two important ways. First, this study contributes to a small but growing body of literature that tests process-based model hypotheses in research settings outside the United States. Second, this study evaluates the effect of police legitimacy on different forms of public cooperation with police and ideas for further research.Namen prispevka: Namen te študije je preverjanje raziskovalnih hipotez, ki izhajajo iz modela postopkovne pravičnosti policijskega dela. Gre za empirično preverjanje učinka mnenj o postopkovni pravičnosti na zaznano legitimnost policijskega dela. Študija obravnava tudi vpliv zaznave legitimnosti policijskega dela na različne oblike sodelovanja javnosti s policijo. Metode: Na podlagi podatkov, ki smo jih zbrali jeseni 2011 z metodo anketiranja na vzorcu 683 dijakov četrtih letnikov s šestih slovenskih srednjih šol v Ljubljani in Mariboru, starih 18 let in več, smo z linearnimi regresijskimi izračuni preverjali hipoteze v zvezi s postopkovno pravičnostjo. Ugotovitve: Rezultati regresijske analize kažejo, da je postopkovna pravičnost v močni korelaciji z legitimnostjo policijskega dela, pri čemer je najpomembnejša ugotovitev, da zaznava legitimnosti policijske dejavnosti vpliva na sodelovanje z javnostjo in prepričanje o učinkovitosti policijske dejavnosti. Ko faktor sodelovanje z javnostjo razčlenimo, učinek legitimnosti policijskega dela variira glede na različne oblike sodelovanja. Razčlenjen faktor legitimnosti policijskega dela pokaže, da je statistično pomemben edino učinek zaupanja v policijo. Vpliv prepričanja o dolžnosti ljudi za upoštevanje pravil (zakonov) na sodelovanje javnosti s policijo ne obstaja. Omejitve/uporabnost raziskave: V prihodnje bi bilo potrebno v raziskavah o postopkovni pravičnosti policijske dejavnosti, poleg ocenjevanja učinkov različnih dimenzij legitimnosti policijskega dela (npr. dolžnost upoštevanja in zaupanje v policijo), preverjati tudi vpliv legitimnosti policijskega dela na sodelovanje z javnostjo skupaj s policijskimi ukrepi. Praktična uporabnost: Rezultati te študije poudarjajo pomembnost policijskih postopkov na oblikovanje stališč ljudi do policije in pripravljenost za sodelovanje s policijo pri preiskovanju kaznivih dejanj ter podporo pri drugih policijskih dejavnostih. Rezultati raziskave kažejo na pomembnost vključevanja vsebin s področja postopkovne pravičnosti in legitimnosti v programe usposabljanj in izobraževanja policistov. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: Študija razširja predhodno raziskovalno delo na dva pomembna načina. Prvič, prispeva k manjšemu, a naraščajočemu obsegu raziskav o preverjanju hipotez modela postopkovne pravičnosti v raziskovalnih okoljih zunaj Združenih držav Amerike. Drugič, ocenjuje vpliv legitimnosti policijskega dela na različne oblike sodelovanja javnosti s policijo v Sloveniji in ponuja izhodišča za novo raziskovanje

Zaupanje v policijo pri slovenskih študentih prava in varstvoslovja

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore criminal justice students’ and law students’ trust in the police and factors related to trusting the police. Design/Methods/Approach: The data were collected using a web-survey on a convenient sample of law students and criminal justice and security students. The data were analysed by descriptive and multivariate statistical methods. Findings: The findings imply that variables procedural justice, police effectiveness, police authority and legal cynicism have impact on trust in police. Furthermore, regression analysis shows that for law students the variables police authority, procedural justice, police effectiveness, distributive justice, deterrence and legal cynicism significantly predict trust in police. Regression analysis for criminal justice students implies that variables police authority, police effectiveness, and procedural justice significantly predict trust in police. Results of discriminant analysis imply that law students more positively respond on variables about life goals and moral credibility. Mean values of the variables police authority, trust in police, legal cynicism, and procedural justice by criminal justice students are higher than those by law students. Research Limitations / Implications: Due to the convenience sample (law students and criminal justice and security students), the results are not generalizable, but the results do provide insights into trust in the Slovenian police of potential future professionals in (criminal) justice system. Practical Implications: The results imply that the police should put more efforts in their relationship with students, especially in the fields of police authority, procedural justice, police effectiveness, distributive justice, deterrence and legal cynicism to improve the level of police justice and law students’ trust in the police. Originality/Value: The article presents the foundation for further research on student’s perception of trust in the police in Slovenia and includes several suggestions on how to improve their trust in police.Namen prispevka: Namen prispevka je raziskati zaupanje študentov varstvoslovja in prava v policijo in s tem povezane dejavnike. Metode: Podatke smo zbrali s pomočjo spletne ankete na priložnostnem vzorcu študentov prava in varstvoslovja. Podatke smo analizirali z uporabo opisnih in multivariatnih statističnih metod. Ugotovitve: Ugotovitve kažejo, da spremenljivke postopkovna pravičnost, učinkovitost policije, avtoriteta policije in pravni cinizem vplivajo na zaupanje v policijo. Poleg tega regresijska analiza kaže, da so pri študentih prava spremenljivke avtoriteta policije, postopkovna pravičnost, učinkovitost policije, distributivna pravičnost, odvračanje in pravni cinizem pomembne za napovedovanje zaupanja v policijo, za študente varstvoslovja pa to velja za spremenljivke avtoriteta policije, učinkovitost policije in postopkovna pravičnost. Rezultati diskriminantne analize kažejo, da študenti prava bolj pozitivno ocenjujejo življenjske cilje in moralno kredibilnost. Pri spremenljivkah avtoriteta policije, zaupanje v policijo, pravni cinizem in postopkovna pravičnost so povprečne vrednosti pri študentih varstvoslovja višje kot pri študentih prava. Omejitve/uporabnost raziskave Zaradi priložnostnega vzorca (študenti prava in varstvoslovja) rezultatov ni mogoče posploševati, vendar ti kljub temu zagotavljajo vpogled v zaupanje do slovenske policije med potencialnimi bodočimi strokovnjaki (kazensko)pravnega sistema. Praktična uporabnost: Izhajajoč iz študije ugotavljamo, da bi bilo treba povečati avtoriteto policije, postopkovno pravičnost, učinkovitost, distributivno pravičnost policije, zastraševalni učinek kazenskih sankcij in zmanjšati pravni cinizem. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: Članek predstavlja izhodišče za nadaljnje raziskovanje dojemanja zaupanja v policijo pri študentih v Sloveniji in vključuje predloge, kako povečati zaupanje študentov v policijo

Self-Legitimacy of Female and Male Police Officers

Namen prispevka: V prispevku predstavljamo rezultate kvantitativne študije o samozaznavi legitimnosti in z njo povezanih spremenljivk (demografske spremenljivke, zaznavanje mnenja občanov o legitimnosti policistov, odnosi med sodelavci, pravičnost v postopkih nadrejenih in proorganizacijsko vedenje) pri slovenskih policistih, ki smo jo opravili v letu 2013, s poudarkom na primerjavi med policistkami in policisti. Metode: Junija 2013 smo opravili anketiranje na 24 policijskih postajah (majhne, srednje in velike) na vseh osmih policijskih upravah v Republiki Sloveniji. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 417 policistov in 104 policistke. Podatke smo obdelali s kvantitativnimi statističnimi metodami (opisna statistika, t-test, korelacije in regresijska analiza). Ugotovitve: Glede spremenljivk – faktorjev samozaznana legitimnost, zaznavanje mnenja občanov o legitimnosti policistov, odnosi med sodelavci, pravičnost v postopkih nadrejenih in proorganizacijsko vedenje nismo ugotovili statistično pomembnih razlik med policisti in policistkami. Primerjave so pokazale, da policisti bolj pozitivno ocenjujejo svojo avtoriteto za opravljanje policijskega dela od policistk. Policisti izražajo višjo stopnjo strinjanja s trditvijo glede pomembnosti vloge policistov pri preprečevanju kriminalitete od policistk. Ocena zaupanja pri sodelavcih je višja pri policistih kot pri policistkah. Policisti bolj pozitivno ocenjujejo mnenje občanov o pravičnosti odločitev v policijskih postopkih od policistk, vendar policisti tudi bolj pritrdilno ocenjujejo domnevno mnenje občanov o skorumpiranosti policije od policistk. Policisti izražajo višjo stopnjo pripadnosti policiji od policistk in v varnem okolju so bolj pripravljeni povedati drugim, da delajo v policiji od policistk. Policistke bolj pozitivno ocenjujejo obrazložitve nadrejenih glede dela od policistov. Policistke tudi menijo, da je uporaba več sile, kot to določa zakon, sprejemljivejša, in poročajo, da so njihove delovne obremenitve večje od policistov. Povezave spremenljivk s samozaznano legitimnostjo kažejo na različne povezave pri policistkah in policistih. Omejitve/uporabnost raziskave Analize kažejo, da je koeficient ustreznosti Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) vzorčenja ustrezen. Vzorec zajetih policistov (80 %) in policistk (20 %) približno odraža razmerje med policisti in policistkami v Sloveniji. Ugotovitve študije kažejo na nekatere pomembne razlike v pojmovanju samozaznane legitimnosti. Raziskava je uporabna za nadaljevanje raziskovanja legitimnosti s poudarkom na uporabi kvalitativnih raziskovalnih metod. Praktična uporabnost: Ugotovitve raziskave so izhodišč e za razpravo o policijskem delu v Sloveniji in dojemanja policijskega dela, policijske organizacije in odnosov z občani pri policistkah in policistih, saj so policistke bolj usmerjene v organizacijo in iščejo podporo pri sodelavcih. Za njih je tudi manj značilna refleksija o pomenu povratnih informacij od ljudi v skupnostih glede legitimnosti policijskega dela. V tem oziru nanje vpliva samo ena komponenta dualnosti legitimnosti (in sicer, kaj o njih menijo sodelavci in kako same ocenjujejo svojo sposobnost za zakonito in legitimno opravljanje policijskega dela), ni pa vpliva javnosti na njihovo oceno kompetentnosti in moralnih stališč, kot je to izraženo pri policistih. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: Gre za izvirno raziskovalno delo z uporabo vprašalnika, ki je vseboval vprašanja o samozaznani legitimnosti, pojmovanju mnenja občanov o legitimnosti policistov, odnosih med sodelavci, pravičnosti v postopkih nadrejenih in proorganizacijskega vedenja. Predhodne študije so preučevale predvsem samozaznavo legitimnosti (moških ali vseh) policistov, niso pa preučevale žensk v policiji ali primerjale rezultatov med policistkami in policisti.Purpose: The article presents the results of a survey on self-legitimacy and related variables (demographic variables, perceived citizens’ opinions about police legitimacy, relations with colleagues, procedural justice and pro-organizational behaviour) of Slovenian police officers. The study was conducted in 2013. The main goal of our research was to identify differences and similarities between female and male police officers. Design: The survey was conducted in 24 police stations (small, medium, and large) in all eight police directorates in the Republic of Slovenia in June 2013. The study included 417 male and 104 female police officers. Data were analysed by way of quantitative statistical methods (descriptive statistics, t-test, correlation analysis and regression analysis). Findings: The results based on factors self-legitimacy, perception of citizens’ opinion about police legitimacy, relations between colleagues, procedural justice of superiors and pro-organisational behaviour showed that there are no significant statistical differences between female and male police officers. The comparisons have shown that male police officers rated their police authority in a more positive manner, expressed a higher level of agreement with the statement on the importance of the role of police in crime prevention, and perceived more trust and support of their peer-officers. Interestingly, male police officers estimated citizens’ opinion on fairness in police procedures more positively than female police officers, but male police officers believed that citizens perceive more corruption in the police than female police officers. Male police officers also expressed a higher level of affiliation to the police organization and are more willing to tell others that they work in the police than female police officers. Female police officers assessed the attitude of supervisors towards police officers more positively and believed that the use of excessive force is more acceptable and that their workload is greater than the workload of male police officers. Correlations of variables with self-legitimacy show various correlations for female and male police officers. Research Limitations / Implications: Analyses show that Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) sampling adequacy ratio was appropriate. The sample of male police officers (80 %) and female police officers (20 %) reflects the ratio between the male and female police officers in Slovenia. The findings indicate some important differences in the perception of self-legitimacy. The study is useful for further research on legitimacy, especially with a focus on the use of qualitative research methods. Practical Implications: The findings can be used as a starting point for a discussion on police work of male and female police officers in Slovenia, and their perceptions of police work, police organization, and their relations with citizens. This is important because female police officers were more oriented towards the police organization and support by their colleagues. For them, a reflection on the importance of the citizens’ feedback on their legitimacy is less typical. In this sense, female police officers seem to take into consideration only one component of the duality of legitimacy (what peer-officers think about their police competencies and how they assess their own ability to legally and legitimately perform police tasks). The public opinion does not affect their assessment of competencies and moral views, as it does with male police officers. Originality/Value: The article represents original research work using the survey questions on self-legitimacy, citizens’ opinion on legitimacy of police officers, relations between colleagues, procedural justice of supervisors, and pro-organizational behaviour. The previous studies primarily examined self-legitimacy of male (or all) police officers and did not focus on self-legitimacy of female police officers or on a comparison between female and male police officers

Professionalization of the Penological Profession in Slovenia

Namen prispevka:V prispevku se osredotočamo na razvoj in profesionalizacijo penološke stroke in zaporskega osebja v Sloveniji. Predstavljene so glavne značilnosti posameznih obdobij penološke profesije glede na kriterije profesionalizacije.Metode:Za namen prispevka smo opravili pregled razvoja penološke stroke, raziskav in sprememb zakonodaje, ki kažejo na različne usmeritve profesionalizacije dela v slovenskih zaporih in prevzgojnem domu.Ugotovitve:Proces profesionalizacije penološke stroke in zaporskega osebja v Sloveniji lahko razdelimo na tri obdobja. Za prvo obdobje, ki je trajalo do 1968, je bil značilen močan vojaški in miličniški vpliv, ki se je odražal v avtoritarnosti in rigidnih odnosih med zaporskimi delavci in obsojenci. V drugem obdobju, ki je trajalo do 1991, se usmeritev izvrševanja kazenskih sankcij prenese z varnostne komponente na tretma obsojencev. Zadnje obdobje profesionalizacije penološke stroke in zaporskega osebja se je začelo po osamosvojitvi Republike Slovenije 1991, ko se je pozornost slovenske penologije usmerila v skrb za varstvo pravic obsojencev in njihovo obravnavanje v skladu z evropskimi standardi.Omejitve/uporabnost raziskave:Omejen dostop do neobjavljenih strokovnih besedil, ki onemogoča poglobljeno predstavitev posameznega obdobja profesionalizacije penološke stroke in zaporskega osebja, predstavlja glavno omejitev študije. Zaradi prenehanja izdajanja Penološkega biltena na začetku devetdesetih so bili na voljo predvsem viri s področja raziskovalnega dela in letna poročila Uprave RS za izvrševanje kazenskih sankcij. Praktična uporabnost:Ugotovitve prispevka predstavljajo nekaj vidikov procesa profesionalizacije slovenske penološke stroke in zaporskega osebja ter poudarjajo prednosti in izzive v razvoju profesionalizacije, ki bi jih bilo treba upoštevati v nadaljnjem procesu profesionalizacije.Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka:Prispevek predstavlja sistematični pregled profesionalizacije penološke stroke in zaporskega osebja v Sloveniji od sredine petdesetih let 20. stoletja do današnjih dni.Purpose:The paper focuses on the study of professionalization of penological profession and the prison staff in Slovenia. The main characteristics of an individual period of the penological profession according to the criteria of professionalization are presented.Design/Methods/Approach:For the purposes of the paper, a review of the development of the penological profession, research and changes in the legislation that indicate various directions of professionalization of work in Slovenian prisons and correctional home was conducted.Findings:The process of professionalization of the penological profession and prison staff in Slovenia can be divided into three periods. The first period, which lasted until 1968, was characterized by a strong military and militant influence that was reflected in authoritarianism and rigid relations between prison workers and prisoners. In the second period, which lasted until 1991, the focus on enforcement of criminal sanctions, shifted from security to treatment of prisoners. The last period of the professionalization of penological profession and prison staff began after the independence of the Republic of Slovenia in 1991, when the focus of Slovenian penology was directed towards the protection of rights of prisoners and their treatment in accordance with existing European standards.Research Limitations/Implications:An in-depth presentation of each period of the professionalization of penological profession and prison staff was not possible due to the limited access to unpublished relevant literature. This presents the main limitation of the study. Due to the cessation of the publication of the Penological bulletin in the early 1990s, studies and annual reports of the Prison administration, present the main available sources. Practical Implications:The findings of the paper show certain aspects of the process of professionalization of Slovenian penological profession and prison staff and highlight the strengths and challenges in the process of professionalization, which should be taken into account in the further process of professionalization. Originality/Value:The paper presents a systematic review of the professionalization of penological profession and prison staff in Slovenia from the mid-1950s to the present

Prevention of Crime in Local Communities – Between ad hoc Approaches and Knowledge-Based Prevention Activities

U radu se bavimo prevencijom kriminaliteta na lokalnoj razini i naglašavamo važnost i nuž-nost korištenja pristupa koji se temelji na znanju kod prevencije kriminaliteta. Prikazani su problemi koji nastaju radi ad hoc pristupa prevenciji kriminaliteta. Postoje brojne zamke koje su specifične za trenutnu (lokalnu) politiku i praksu sprječavanja kriminaliteta. Iz tog razloga autori u članku predlažu pristup prevenciji kriminaliteta koji se temelji na znanju jer se većina tih intervencija zasniva na neprovjerenim idejama, umjesto da se temelji na istraživanjima ko-ja bi jasno pokazala jesu li i koje su intervencije ostvarile željeni učinak te koje su ekonomski isplative. Preventivne aktivnosti rijetko oblikuju znanstvenici ili specijalisti s područja preven-cije kriminaliteta. Obično ih oblikuju i izvode državni službenici i namještenici u tijelima lo-kalne samouprave, koji na vlastitim pretpostavkama predmnijevaju što uzrokuje kriminalitet te što i kako treba učiniti da bi se utjecalo na njegove uzroke. U radu se predlaže razmišljanje o uvođenju paradigme koja naglašava pristup prevenciji kriminaliteta na lokalnoj razini teme-ljenu na znanju i istraživanju.The paper addresses the prevention of crime at the local level and stresses the importance and neces-sity of using a knowledge-based approach in the prevention of crime. This paper presents problems due to ad hoc approaches to the prevention of crime. Current (local) policy and practice regarding the prevention of crime have many pitfalls; therefore, the authors propose that a knowledge-based ap-proach be used in the prevention of criminality, since most ad hoc interventions are based on untested ideas, rather than research that would clearly show which approaches produce the desired effects and are also cost-efficient. Preventive activities are only rarely devised by scientists or specialists in the field of criminality prevention; these activities are usually devised and implemented by state officials and employees in local administrative bodies, who prepare them on the basis of their own assumptions as to what the causes of criminality are and what measures should be taken to influence them. The paper suggests that the introduction of a paradigm highlighting knowledge- and research-based pre-vention of crime at the local level be considered

Electrical and Electronic Waste – a Threat and a Challenge for a Human

Namen prispevka: Namen prispevka je predstaviti električne in elektronske odpadke ter problematiko, ki jo s seboj prinašajo. Tovrstni odpadki so najhitreje rastoč mednarodni problem, ki se ga mora posameznik zavedati. S prispevkom želimo bralcu predstaviti dokaj nepoznano področje e-odpadkov. Metode: V prispevku je bila uporabljena analiza primarnih in sekundarnih virov, vključno s kratkim pregledom mednarodnih in nacionalnih predpisov o urejanju področja elektronskih in električnih odpadkov. Ugotovitve: E-odpadki so večplasten problem, ki zadeva številne akterje, vključene v postopek ravnanja z e-odpadki. Toksičnost e-odpadkov negativno vpliva na človeka in naravo, kljub temu pa se velike količine e-odpadkov neustrezno reciklira z namenom pridobivanja dragocenih kovin. E-odpadki pa po drugi strani predstavljajo izziv za države, saj jih združujejo in povezujejo v mreže, ki se borijo zoper naraščanje e-odpadkov in z njim povezane kriminalitete. Omejitve/uporabnost raziskave Analiza prispevka o električnih in elektronskih odpadkih nam daje osnovo za nadaljnje raziskovanje preučevanega problema, s katerim se moramo učinkovito soočiti, saj postaja grožnja človeku in naravi. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: Prispevek strukturirano prikazuje področje električnih in elektronskih odpadkov. Bralcu ponuja kratek vpogled v razumevanje problema e-odpadkov ter groženj in izzivov, ki jih prinaša. Prispevek obravnava temo, ki je v Sloveniji slabo poznana in raziskana.Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to present the electrical and electronic waste and also problems caused by these waste. The electrical and electronic waste (shorter e-waste) is one of the fastest growing global problem we have to confront with. Our intent is to introduce a quite unknown area of the e-waste to a reader. Design: An analysis of the primary and secondary sources, including a short review of international and national regulations regarding the management of electrical and electronic waste, was used in the paper. Findings: E-waste is multilayered problem, concerning many actors involved in e-waste circle. E-waste toxicity has a negative impact on human and nature. Regardless this fact the enormous quantities of e-waste are improperly recycled in order to recover valuable metals. On other hand, e-waste is a challenge for countries because it unites and connects them into networks, which fight against the growing quantities of e-waste and its criminality. Practical Implications: The analysis of electrical and electronic waste presents the basis for further more in-depth research of studied problem, which is a threat to human and nature. This is the main reason we have to confront this problem effectively. Originality/Value: The paper structurally presents the area of electrical and electronic waste. It offers a short insight into understanding of the e-waste problem, its threats and challenges. The paper deals with a topic that is poorly known and researched in Slovenia

Punitivnost, viktimizacija in strah pred kriminaliteto pri študentih varstvoslovja

Namen prispevka: Prispevek obravnava razmerja med punitivnostjo, viktimizacijo in strahom pred kriminaliteto pri študentih varstvoslovja na Fakulteti za varnostne vede Univerze v Mariboru. Metode: Za izvedbo raziskave smo uporabili vprašalnik. Podatke smo zbrali jeseni 2011 s spletnim anketiranjem študentov Fakultete za varnostne vede Univerze v Mariboru. Podatke smo analizirali s kvantitativnimi statističnimi metodami. Ugotovitve: Ugotovitve statistične analize kažejo, da predhodna viktimizacija ne vpliva na občutke ogroženosti pri študentih, vendar ima vpliv na zaznavo tveganja za možno viktimizacijo v prihodnosti. Retribucijo bolj zagovarjajo študenti, ki še niso bili viktimizirani. Analiza variance pokaže, da strah pred kriminaliteto oz. občutki ogroženosti na splošno ne vplivajo na punitivnost. Glede stališč do smrtne kazni kaže, da jo kot manj primerno kazen v sedanjem času navajajo študenti, ki se počutijo bolj ogroženo. Omejitve/uporabnost raziskave: Zaradi načina zbiranja podatkov in vzorca raziskava odraža značilnosti študentov varstvoslovja glede punitivnosti, strahu pred kriminaliteto in stališč do smrtne kazni. Praktična uporabnost: Rezultate študije je mogoče uporabiti za razpravo v okviru predmetov na Fakulteti za varnostne vede o kazenskih sankcijah, punitivnosti, penalnem populizmu in kazenskih sankcijah. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: Študija je izvirna, čeprav gre za replikacijo metode iz mednarodne študije, saj gre za prvo takšno študijo z uporabo spletnega vprašalnika o punitivnosti, viktimizacijah in stališčih do smrtne kazni v slovenskem okolju in na študentih varstvoslovja.Purpose: The aim of the article is to study the relationship between punitivity, victimization and fear of crime of criminal justice and security students at the Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor. Design/Methods/Approach: To carry out a survey we used an online questionnaire. Data were collected in autumn 2011 from students of the Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor. Data were analyzed with quantitative statistical methods. Findings: The findings of the statistical analysis show that previous victimization does not affect the feelings of threat to students, but has an impact on perception of possible risk of victimization in the future. Retribution is more favored by students who have not been victimized. Analysis of variance shows that the fear of crime or feelings of threat in general do not affect punitiveness. Students who feel more threatened, consider the death penalty today as a less appropriate. Research Limitations/Implications: Due to the e-survey and sample characteristics (students of criminal justice and security according punitivity) the results are not generalisable. Practical Implications: The results of the study can be used for a discussion in the subjects on crime and punishment at the Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security on penal sanctions, punitivity, penal populism and punishment. Originality/Value: The study is original, although it is a replication of a survey prepared for a cross cultural study. We used an online survey for the first time to conduct a study on punitiveness, victimization, and attitudes towards death penalty in Slovenia on a sample of Criminal Justice and security students