Second order statistics of NLOS indoor MIMO channels based on 5.2 GHz measurements

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Reducing driving forces for pressed-in piles

Pile jacking techniques use static loading to install sheet piles with minimal environmental effects, such as noise and ground vibrations, which are often associated with other methods of driven piling. This paper describes a series of 20g centrifuge tests conducted to investigate two methods of reducing the large driving forces that can be associated with jacked sheet piles in stiff clay. In practice, pre-auguring at the clutch positions and water jetting techniques are routinely carried out prior to the installation of sheet piling in order to reduce the driving forces. However, these methods are known to contribute to ground movements and can detract from the advantages of jacked sheet piles. The tests involved driving model sheet piles, which were modified either by installing driving shoes to the base of the pile, or by ribbing the profile of the pile shaft. The driving forces of the modified piles were compared with those of a plain pile. The tests showed that the use of driving shoes and ribs can lead to the reduction of driving forces at greater depth