К палеоантропологии средневекового населения Поволжья

Physical appearance of the population of the Golden Horde resulted from interbreeding of representatives of two big races, i.e. the Mongoloid and the Caucasoid. The presence of the Mongoloid component is to some extent manifested in the appearance of inhabitants of all the Golden Horde towns. Nevertheless, it is the Caucasoid features that prevailed in urban population

Striking Photospheric Abundance Anomalies in Blue Horizontal-Branch Stars in Globular Cluster M13

High-resolution optical spectra of thirteen blue horizontal-branch (BHB) stars in the globular cluster M13 show enormous deviations in element abundances from the expected cluster metallicity. In the hotter stars (T_eff > 12000 K), helium is depleted by factors of 10 to 100 below solar, while iron is enhanced to three times the solar abundance, two orders of magnitude above the canonical metallicity [Fe/H] ~= -1.5 dex for this globular cluster. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and chromium exhibit even more pronounced enhancements, and other metals are also mildly overabundant, with the exception of magnesium, which stays very near the expected cluster metallicity. These photospheric anomalies are most likely due to diffusion --- gravitational settling of helium, and radiative levitation of the other elements --- in the stable radiative atmospheres of these hot stars. The effects of these mechanisms may have some impact on the photometric morphology of the cluster's horizontal branch and on estimates of its age and distance.Comment: 11 pages, 1 Postscript figure, uses aaspp4.sty, accepted for publication in ApJ Letter

Mountain glacier chronology from Boulder Lake, New Zealand, indicates MIS 4 and MIS 2 ice advances of similar extent.

Dating of past glaciation in New Zealand allows Quaternary climatic events to be identified in areas at a great distance from northern hemisphere ice sheets and associated climatic feedbacks. Moreover, climate reconstruction in New Zealand provides insight into the amount of climate change that occurred in the Southwest Pacific where zonal circulation is an important integrator of the climate signal. Boulder Lake is a relatively low-elevation cirque in a range of moderate-relief (similar to 1600 m) mountains in South Island of New Zealand, and it experienced cirque and valley glaciation during the Late Quaternary. Geomorphic mapping. Be-10 and Al-26 exposure. and luminescence dating provide evidence for glacial advances during the Last Glacial Cycle, specifically during Marine Isotope Stage 4 (MIS 4) and Marine Isotope Stage 2 (MIS 2). The MIS 4 advance was fractionally larger and is dated by a former ice-marginal lacustrine deposit (minimum age) with a basal Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) sediment deposition age of 64.9 +/- 10 ka. Paired Be-10 and Al-26 constrain a slightly less extensive MIS 2 glacial advance to 18.2 +/- 1.0 and 17.8 +/- 0.9 ka, coincident with the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Glacial equilibrium-line altitudes during both MIS 4 and MIS 2 phases were similar to 960 in lower than the present. This corresponds to a cooling of 5-7 degrees C, taking possible precipitation variability into account. Our findings and a growing number of publications indicate that many temperate valley glaciers reacted differently to the major ice sheets during the Last Glacial Cycle, reaching their Maximum extent during MIS 4 rather than during peak global ice volume during MIS 2. © 2008, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Researc

Making Sense of Family Deaths in Urban Senegal: Diversities, Contexts, and Comparisons

Despite calls for cross-cultural research, Minority world perspectives still dominate death and bereavement studies, emphasizing individualized emotions and neglecting contextual diversities. In research concerned with contemporary African societies, on the other hand, death and loss are generally subsumed within concerns about AIDS or poverty, with little attention paid to the emotional and personal significance of a death. Here, we draw on interactionist sociology to present major themes from a qualitative study of family deaths in urban Senegal, theoretically framed through the duality of meanings-in-context. Such themes included family and community as support and motivation; religious beliefs and practices as frameworks for solace and (regulatory) meaning; and material circumstances as these are intrinsically bound up with emotions. Although we identify the experience of (embodied, emotional) pain as a common response across Minority and Majority worlds, we also explore significant divergencies, varying according to localized contexts and broader power dynamics

Visions in monochrome: Families, marriage and the individualisation thesis

This paper takes issue with the way in which the individualisation thesis – in which it is assumed that close relationships have become tenuous and fragile - has become so dominant in ‘new’ sociological theorising about family life. Although others have criticised this thesis, in this paper the main criticism derives from empirical research findings carried out with members of transnational families living in Britain whose values and practices do not fit easily with ideas of individualisation. It is argued that we need a much more complex and less linear notion of how families change across generations and in time

Effects of temperature on amoebic gill disease development : Does it play a role?

Funding Information Scottish Government project grant. Grant Number: AQ0080 University of Aberdeen Marine Scotland Science (MSS) Marine Laboratory, UKPeer reviewedPostprintPostprin

Monte Carlo Comparisons to a Cryogenic Dark Matter Search Detector with low Transition-Edge-Sensor Transition Temperature

We present results on phonon quasidiffusion and Transition Edge Sensor (TES) studies in a large, 3 inch diameter, 1 inch thick [100] high purity germanium crystal, cooled to 50 mK in the vacuum of a dilution refrigerator, and exposed with 59.5 keV gamma-rays from an Am-241 calibration source. We compare calibration data with results from a Monte Carlo which includes phonon quasidiffusion and the generation of phonons created by charge carriers as they are drifted across the detector by ionization readout channels. The phonon energy is then parsed into TES based phonon readout channels and input into a TES simulator

Late Eocene to middle Miocene (33 to 13 million years ago) vegetation and climate development on the North American Atlantic Coastal Plain (IODP Expedition 313, Site M0027)

ArticleWe investigated the palynology of sediment cores from Site M0027 of IODP (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program) Expedition 313 on the New Jersey shallow shelf to examine vegetation and climate dynamics on the east coast of North America between 33 and 13 million years ago and to assess the impact of over-regional climate events on the region. Palynological results are complemented with pollen-based quantitative climate reconstructions. Our results indicate that the hinterland vegetation of the New Jersey shelf was characterized by oak–hickory forests in the lowlands and conifer-dominated vegetation in the highlands from the early Oligocene to the middle Miocene. The Oligocene witnessed several expansions of conifer forest, probably related to cooling events. The pollen-based climate data imply an increase in annual temperatures from ∼11.5 °C to more than 16 °C during the Oligocene. The Mi-1 cooling event at the onset of the Miocene is reflected by an expansion of conifers and mean annual temperature decrease of ∼4 °C, from ∼16 °C to ∼12 °C around 23 million years before present. Relatively low annual temperatures are also recorded for several samples during an interval around ∼20 million years before present, which may reflect the Mi-1a and the Mi-1aa cooling events. Generally, the Miocene ecosystem and climate conditions were very similar to those of the Oligocene. Miocene grasslands, as known from other areas in the USA during that time period, are not evident for the hinterland of the New Jersey shelf, possibly reflecting moisture from the proto-Gulf Stream. The palaeovegetation data reveal stable conditions during the mid-Miocene climatic optimum at ∼15 million years before present, with only a minor increase in deciduous–evergreen mixed forest taxa and a decrease in swamp forest taxa. Pollen-based annual temperature reconstructions show average annual temperatures of ∼14 °C during the mid-Miocene climatic optimum, ∼2 °C higher than today, but ∼1.5 °C lower than preceding and following phases of the Miocene. We conclude that vegetation and regional climate in the hinterland of the New Jersey shelf did not react as sensitively to Oligocene and Miocene climate changes as other regions in North America or Europe due to the moderating effects of the North Atlantic. An additional explanation for the relatively low regional temperatures reconstructed for the mid-Miocene climatic optimum could be an uplift of the Appalachian Mountains during the Miocene, which would also have influenced the catchment area of our pollen record.We thank the entire IODP Expedition 313 Scientific Party for input, and the IODP staff for support. We thank M. Drljepan, R. Zanatta, V. Menke, K. Reichel, and S. Namyslo for their assistance with preparing and processing the samples, and during photographing. Discussions with C. Bjerrum, J. Browning, T. Donders, L. Fang, M. Katz, Y. Milker, K. Miller, and P. Sugarman are gratefully acknowledged. Input from K. Dybkjær and anonymous reviewers was very much appreciated and contributed to a significant condensing of the manuscript. The German Science Foundation supported the research (DFG project KO 3944/3-1 to U. Kotthoff). Funding was also provided by NSERC Discovery Grants to F. M. G. McCarthy and to D. R. Greenwood respectively. NERC supported work by S. P. Hesselbo. This research used samples and/or data provided by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP)

Improved orbital solution and masses for the very low-mass multiple system LHS 1070

We present a refined orbital solution for the components A, B, and C of the nearby late-M type multiple system LHS 1070. By combining astrometric datapoints from NACO/VLT, CIAO/SUBARU, and PUEO/CFHT, as well as a radial velocity measurement from the newly commissioned near infrared high-resolution spectrograph CRIRES/VLT, we achieve a very precise orbital solution for the B and C components and a first realistic constraint on the much longer orbit of the A-BC system. Both orbits appear to be co-planar. Masses for the B and C components calculated from the new orbital solution (M_(B+C) = 0.157 +/- 0.009 M_sun) are in excellent agreement with theoretical models, but do not match empirical mass-luminosity tracks. The preliminary orbit of the A-BC system reveals no mass excess for the A component, giving no indication for a previously proposed fourth (D) component in LHS 1070.Comment: published in A&A, 2008, 484, 429; added CFHT acknowledgemen