The History of Nursing Research Methodology in Iran: A Mixed Methods Study

Introduction: Nursing research has dramatic effects on nursing practice. Studying the history of nursing research can provide valuable information about past challenges and future prospects. This study aimed to explore the history of nursing research methodology in Iran.Methods: This was a mixed methods study. In the quantitative part, articles published by nurses in the last four decades were reviewed using a checklist. In the qualitative part, several Iranian nursing doyens and experts were recruited through purposeful and snowball sampling and interviewed through semi-structured interviews. The main focus of the interviews was on the history of nursing research methodology in Iran. Qualitative data were analyzed through conventional content analysis. Finally, the findings of the two parts were merged.Results: The number of nursing articles and journals increased from 39 and one in the 1980s to respectively 461 and thirty in the 2010s. Articles published in the 1980s and the 1990s were mainly related to descriptive researches (91.9% and 88.4%, respectively), while articles in the 2000s were mainly related to quasi-experimental researches (42.8%) and articles in the 2000s were mainly related to quasi-experimental and experimental researches. Qualitative researches become common in the 2010s. The results of the qualitative part were presented based on three era.Conclusions: Nursing research in Iran has had significant improvements in the last three era. Yet, nurses need to make more serious attempts to provide conclusive evidence for nursing practice, improve the Iranians’ health status, and promote the position of nursing in Iran and the position of Iranian nursing in the world

Psychological and emotional outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosous

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects different body organs and causes extensive and serious damage to the connective tissues، blood vessels and membranes. In addition to numerous Clinical complications، psychosocial، social، and economical disabilities also follow. The present study describes psychological and emotional outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Method: This study has a qualitative (phenomenological) approach. A purposive Sampling of 10 Patients who had been diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus and who had referred to rheumatology clinic in Bandar Abbas and been approved for research Were conducted through in- depth interview by open- ended unstructured questions and collyzi utilized for data analyses. Results: The extracted interviews were analyzed for the conceptual codes and codes then were transformed to the original concept of "mental emotional consequences" which include subcategories concepts such as mood and emotional reactions، cognitive disorders، incorrect diagnosis and subjective image impairment. Conclusion: This study indicates that these patients have a wide range of problems in different aspects of mental and emotional life، so the study results can provide suggestions for treatment and care of patients with lupus and other diseases that bring forth disabling، chronic and non-curable problems by providing nurses، doctors and all those who somehow are associated with this disease. So that each patient's care requires a unique opinion and since most clients are young women، in addition to maturity and physical needs of patients، mental and emotional problems must also be taken into consideration. And، if necessary، consultations from psychologists and psychiatrics can be used to facilitate the healing process. Keywords: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Psychological and Emotional Outcomes, Chronic Illnes

Uncertainty and its related coping strategies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Life in the fog

BACKGROUND: One of the most prevalent problems of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the uncertainty over an indefinite future. Uncertainty has significant effects on quality of life. The aim of this study was to explore uncertainty and personal strategies to cope with it among patients with SLE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This qualitative study was conducted in 2020–2021 using conventional content analysis. Participants were 21 patients with SLE who were purposefully selected from rheumatology clinics in Kashan, Kerman, and Bandar Abbass in Iran. Data collection was performed using face-to-face, in-depth, semi-structured interviews and was continued up to data saturation. Data were analyzed concurrently with data collection through conventional content analysis approach proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. RESULTS: Two main themes, namely, “life in the fog” and “attempt to find peace” emerged from patients' experiences of illness uncertainty of SLE. Life in the fog included three main categories of “perception of threat to health”, “challenge of doubt and certainty,” and “indefinite future.” Attempt to find peace included three main categories of “spirituality,” “reflection,” and “attempt to acquire SLE-related knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: Uncertainty is a major psychological stress for patients with SLE. Healthcare providers should therefore consider the challenges and concerns faced by patients and, through utilizing appropriate training and communicational practices, plan interventions and strategies to empower patients for coping with uncertainty