ДІАГНОСТИКА СИНДРОМУ ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО ВИГОРАННЯ ЛІКАРІВ БАГАТОПРОФІЛЬНОГО ЗАКЛАДУ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ’Я

The articlre presents a brief theoretical review of professional burnout problem, highlights its structure forms of influence on psychosomatic health of workers (distinguishing the probessions in risk group) and effectiveness of their work the posibble results were deterinined. The article also adduces the results of conducted research among the doctors of multidisciplinary public healt establishment with detailed explanation of the obtained results. В статье приводится краткий теоретический обзор проблемы профессионального выгорания, освещаются структура, формы воздействия на психосоматическое здоровье работников (с выделением профессий, которые находятся в группе риска) и эффективность их труда, определены возможные последствия. Также в статье описаны результаты проведенного исследования среди врачей многопрофильного учреждения здравоохранения с подробным объяснением полученных результатов.У статті надається стислий теоретичний огляд проблеми професійного вигорання, висвітлюються його структура, форми впливу на психосоматичне здоров’я працівників (з виділенням професій, які знаходяться в групі ризику) та ефективність їхньої праці, визначені можливі наслідки. Також у статті описані результати проведеного дослідження серед лікарів багатопрофільного закладу охорони здоров’я з детальним поясненням отриманих результатів

Results of the study of the immunogenic activity of cell envelopes of Francisella tularensis different subspicies (Report 2)

The effect of cell envelopes preparations of four subspecies of Francisella tularensis, derived from urea lysates of tularemia microbe on cytokine production by immunocompetent cells of experimental animals has been studied. Stimulating influence of F. tularensis cell envelopes preparations on cytokine synthesis on the 7th day after inoculation was shown. The results showed that the cell envelopes of different subspecies F. tularensis have different stimulatory effect on the production of proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors GM-CSF and G-CSF, further defining the immune system of host.The results allow to consider cell envelopes preparations of F. tularensis as constituent component in the development of subunit vaccines

Peculiarities of the Effect of the Lipopolysaccharide of Tularemia Microbe of Different Subspecies upon Metabolic Activity of Phagocytes <i>in Vitro</i>

Experimental preparations of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Francisella tularensis of four subspecies (tularensis, holarctica, mediasiatica, novicida) were obtained using Tween extraction method. Physical and chemical characteristics of the obtained preparations are presented. Examined was the effect of tularemia agent of different subspecies upon the phagocytic part of the experimental animals` immunity in vitro. LPS biomolecules demonstrated weak stimulating effect upon oxygen- and nitroxide-dependent bactericidal systems and lacked cytopathogenicity for phagocytes apoptosis activation. The obtained results suggest that such inactivity of tularemia agent LPS is associated with its structural peculiarities

Epizootiological and Epidemiological Situation on Tularemia in Russia in 2020, the Forecast for 2021

The purpose of the review is to assess the trends in the development of epizootic activity in various territories of the Russian Federation in order to identify the regions of increased risk of infection of the population with tularemia pathogen in 2021 and to plan and carry out high-priority measures in these regions, such as vaccination, investments in water, sanitation and hygiene infrastructure, epizootiological monitoring of natural foci and other measures aimed at suppressing the activity of natural foci and the development of herd immunity to this infection. In 2020, 41 cases of human infection with tularemia pathogen were registered on the territory of the Russian Federation, 60 % of which occurred in the Northwestern Federal District. Epizootic manifestations of the infection of varying intensity were detected in 55 constituent entities of Russia. Against this background, sporadic cases of tularemia in humans were registered in 14 regions of the country. The most pronounced epidemic complications continue in the territory of Karelia – 23 patients. 12 cultures of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica from the ambient environment were isolated in the Vologda (3), Rostov Regions (6), in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District (2), and in St. Petersburg (1). Based on the analysis of the data presented, in 2021, epidemic complications in the form of sporadic cases of the disease among the unvaccinated population in the following territories are most likely to occur: Central Federal District – in the Oryol, Ryazan and Yaroslavl Regions, as well as in Moscow; Northwestern Federal District – in the Arkhangelsk and Leningrad Regions, the Republic of Karelia and in St. Petersburg; Volga Federal District – in Tatarstan, Mordovia, Chuvash Republic, Kirov and Orenburg Regions; Ural Federal District – in the Khanty-Mansiysk, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts and the Tyumen Region; Siberian Federal District – in the Novosibirsk, Kemerovo, Tomsk and Omsk Regions, as well as in the Altai Territory; Far Eastern Federal District – in some regions of Kamchatka and Khabarovsk Territories

Genetic Diversity of the Family <i>Francisellaceae</i>, Analysis of the situation on tularemia Incidence in the Russian Federation in 2021, and Forecast for 2022

The review briefly outlines the current taxonomy of the most studied strains of the species belonging to the family Francisellaceae. Due to the significant genetic diversity within the family, the detection of Francisella tularensis, especially in environmental samples, becomes even more difficult and may lead to false positive results. A comparison of the incidence rates in European countries, in which the extensive epidemic manifestations of tularemia are recorded annually, namely Sweden, Finland, Norway and the Czech Republic, and in Russia over the past five years is provided. The paper presents the comparative dynamics of tularemia incidence in the territories of the Federal Districts of the Russian Federation in recent years. The dynamics of the incidence during epidemic outbreaks in the Republic of Karelia and the Omsk Region over the past few years is shown. 17 cases of human infection with the causative agent of tularemia were registered on the territory of the Russian Federation in 2021. Epizootic manifestations of the infection of varying degrees of intensity were detected in 45 constituent entities of the Federation. Against that background, sporadic cases of tularemia in humans were reported in 11 regions of the country. Six cultures of Francisella tularensis subsp. mediasiatica from different types of ticks were isolated in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Republic of Altai and the Altai Territory. Based on the analysis of the data presented, in 2022, epidemic complications in the form of sporadic cases of the disease are most likely to occur among the unvaccinated population in the territories of the Central Federal District – the Voronezh, Ryazan, Smolensk Regions and in Moscow; Northwestern Federal District – in the Arkhangelsk Region, the Republic of Karelia and in St. Petersburg; Volga Federal District – in the territories of Samara, Kirov Regions and Republic of Tatarstan; Ural Federal District – in the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts; Siberian Federal District – in certain districts of the Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Omsk and Tomsk Regions, Altai and Krasnoyarsk Territories

IDENTIFICATION AND STUDY OF LEPTOSPIROSIS FOCUS IN IRKUTSK REGION

Due to examination of animal breeding workers at the Irkutsk Region a case of human leptospirosis was identified. at the cattle farm of Tugutuy settlement. Due to epizootological-epidemiological study a mixed, leptospirosis focus in Ekhirit-Bulagat district was established, the agent circulation among commensal and wild, small mammals was demonstrated. Continuous pathogenic Leptospira DNA detection during the second, half of 2011, as well as the positive tularemia laboratory results require further study of the focus

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND EPIZOOTIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION ON TULAREMIA IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN 2016 AND FORECAST FOR 2017

123 cases of human infection with Francisella tularensis were registered in the territory of the Russian Federation in 2016. 90 % of the total number was reported by three Federal Districts: North-Western, Siberian, and Central ones. Epizootic manifestations of varying intensity were detected in 56 regions. A considerable number of tularemia cases were observed in the Republic of Karelia, Nenets Autonomous District, Omsk and Ryazan Regions, and in Saint-Petersburg. Conspicuous are some recent peculiarities of tularemia manifestations: non-specificity of clinical symptoms, especially at early stages of the disease, their increasing variability against the background of mixed infections with tularemia and other natural-focal infections agents. The most expressed symptoms are fever and lymphatic adenitis; the patients are diagnosed with tularemia during initial days of the sought treatment in 40-45 % of the cases. Based on the data on morbidity rates in humans, epizootiological condition of natural tularemia foci, the numbers of isolated cultures and incidence of the vectors and carriers of the agent, as well as taking into consideration the scope of preventive vaccination in the regions, identified were the territories in which epidemic complication are most likely to occur in 2017

Epizootic and Epidemic Situation on Tularemia in the Russian Federation in 2015 and Prognosis for 2016

Analyzed are the data on epizootiological and epidemiological surveillance of tularemia foci, situated in the territory of 85 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Positive findings, obtained in the process of examination of small mammals, Ixodidae ticks, mosquitoes, and environmental objects, using immunological and molecular-genetic methods; isolated tularemia agent cultures; as well as tularemia incidence rates among the population have made provisions for the assessment of circulation and infection activity in the Regions. In period of 2015, 71 cases of human infection with tularemia have been registered. Given is a brief characteristics of activity of the natural tularemia foci and epidemic situation in the territory of the Russian Federation in 2015. Specified are the regions where preventive vaccination is on a low level. Given is the differentiation of RF territories according to the risk of exposure to tularemia infection for 2016

Tularemia: Relevant Issues and Forecast of Epidemic Situation in the Territory of the Russian Federation in 2018

168 cases of human infection with Francisella tularensis were registered in the Russian Federation in 2017. 80 % of the cases are accounted for by three Federal Districts: North-Western, North-Caucasian, and Siberian ones. Epizootic manifestations of the infection of varying intensity were reported in 61 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. High morbidity rates in 2017 were observed in the Stavropol Territory – 49 tularemia cases, in the Republic of Karelia – 40, Omsk Region – 20, and Saint Petersburg – 12. To assess epizootic and epidemic situation in each constituent entity of the Federation, the numbers of small mammals and their species composition, infection rates of rodents, ticks, mosquitoes, horseflies, hunting animals, nests, regurgitates of birds of prey and excrements of carnivores, surface water bodies, agent culture numbers, isolated from clinical samples, animals, ticks and water, as well as the data on incidence and vaccination of the population in the region were analyzed. The conclusion has been drawn in regard to the territories where epidemic complications are most likely to occur in 2018

Epidemiological Situation on Natural Focal Infectious Diseases of Bacterial and Viral Etiology in 2012 in the Territory of Siberia and Far East, and Prognosis for 2013

Analyzed is the incidence rate as regards natural focal infections of bacterial and viral etiology. Displayed is the data on the performed laboratory diagnostics of these infections in the territory of Siberia and Far East in 2012 and forecast of the epidemiological situation development in 2013. Analysis is carried out based on the data received by the Reference Center for surveillance over natural focal infections at the Irkutsk Research Anti-Plague Institute, from Rospotrebnadzor Institutions of Siberian, Far-Eastern and Ural Federal districts, as well as reviews and prognoses on the current state of natural foci of infections available from Altay, Tuva, Chita, Khabarovsk and Primorsk plague control stations