O Parque estadual do Caracol através do perfil dos seus visitantes

La presente ricerca ha come obiettivo generale la descrizione del profilo dei visitatori del Parco statale di Caracol nello Stato brasiliano di Rio Grande do Sul. Per l’indagine si è impiegato il metodo statistico descrittivo utilizzando per la raccolta dei dati un questionario contenente domande aperte e chiuse. È stato somministrato a duecento visitatori nell’aprile 2011. Il Parco statale di Caracol è stato istituito nel 1973 su una superficie di 100 ettari e sua principale attrazione è la Cascata di Caracol.Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir el perfil general de los visitantes que han pasado una estancia en el Parque estadual do Caracol. Para el estudio se utilizó el método estadístico descriptivo, siendo utilizado para la recolección de datos, el cuestionario, de carácter cuantitativo, que contenía preguntas abiertas y cerradas. Celebrada en abril de 2011, el muestreo incluyó 200 visitantes. La creación del Parque estadual do Caracol fue en 1973, con una superficie total de 100 hectáreas, presentando como principal atracción la Cascata do Caracol.The present study has as its overall objective the description of the profile of visitors to the Caracol State Park. The survey employed the descriptive statistical method, using a questionnaire with open and closed questions for data collection. It was filled out by two hundred visitors in April 2011. The Caracol State Park was established in 1973 on an area of 100 hectares and its main attraction is the Caracol Waterfall

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field