ANÁLISIS DE VARIABLES E INDICADORES PARA EVALUAR LA INCLUSIÓN DIGITAL

El propósito de este artículo es presentar los resultados de una investigación enfocada en el análisis de variables e indicadores propuestos, en artículos científicos en el periodo de 2004 a 2014, para evaluar la inclusión digital. Para identificar los documentos a analizar se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura, y para el análisis de variables e indicadores se utilizó la metodología propuesta por González-Zabala y Sánchez-Torres. Los principales resultados fueron la identificación de 59 documentos, incluidos en revistas y eventos científicos, que cumplieron con el criterio de calidad, así como la identificación de 1239 variables indicadores. La clasificación de las variables e indicadores permitieron evidenciar que el 48,7% de estos se enfocan en la evaluación de factores habilitadores de la inclusión digital, el 42% en la participación y uso de e-servicios y el 9,3% en aspectos del entorno. La investigación evidenció que si bien se evalúan aspectos relacionados con la infraestructura y el acceso a tecnologías e información y comunicación (TIC), la evaluación está considerando aspectos como el acceso a servicios básicos, la formación digital, las características del usuario y la promoción de e-servicios. Estos resultados se constituyen en un referente importante para entender cómo se realiza los procesos de evaluación de la e-inclusión y para enriquecer modelos existentes. PALABRAS CLAVES: Análisis, Evaluación, Inclusión digital, Indicadores, Variables

There Goes the Neighborhood? – People‘s Attitudes and the Effects of Immigration to Australia

This paper compares the effects of immigration flows on economic outcomes and crime levels to the public opinion about these effects using individual and regional data for Australia. We employ an instrumental variables strategy to account for non-random location choices of immigrants and find that immigration has no adverse effects on regional unemployment rates, median incomes, or crime levels. This result is in line with the economic effects that people typically expect but does not confirm the public opinion about the contribution of immigration to higher crime levels, suggesting that Australians overestimate the effect of immigration on crime

Photon-Photon and Electron-Photon Colliders with Energies Below a TeV

We investigate the potential for detecting and studying Higgs bosons in $\gamma\gamma$ and $e\gamma$ collisions at future linear colliders with energies below a TeV. Our study incorporates realistic $\gamma\gamma$ spectra based on available laser technology, and NLC and CLIC acceleration techniques. Results include detector simulations. We study the cases of: a) a SM-like Higgs boson based on a devoted low energy machine with $\sqrt{s_{ee}}\le 200$ GeV; b) the heavy MSSM Higgs bosons; and c) charged Higgs bosons in $e\gamma$ collisions.We investigate the potential for detecting and studying Higgs bosons in $\gamma\gamma$ and $e\gamma$ collisions at future linear colliders with energies below a TeV. Our study incorporates realistic $\gamma\gamma$ spectra based on available laser technology, and NLC and CLIC acceleration techniques. Results include detector simulations. We study the cases of: a) a SM-like Higgs boson based on a devoted low energy machine with $\sqrt{s_{ee}}\le 200$ GeV; b) the heavy MSSM Higgs bosons; and c) charged Higgs bosons in $e\gamma$ collisions

The Wage Premium of Globalization: Evidence from European Mergers and Acquisitions

We provide evidence on the impact of globalization on labor market outcomes analyzing pay differences between foreign-acquired and domestically-owned firms. For this purpose, we use firm level data from 16 European countries over the time period 1999-2006. Applying propensity score matching techniques we estimate positive wage premia of cross-boarder merger and acquisitions (M&As), suggesting that foreign acquired firms exhibit higher short-run (post-acquisition) wages than their domestic counterparts. The observed wage disparities are most pronounced for low paying firms (with average wages below the median). Finally, we find systematic wage premia in Western European countries, but not so in Eastern Europe

Determinants and consequences of international migration

This chapter provides a simple overview of the canonical model of international migration, discusses the consequences of migration on both sending and receiving countries and draws some considerations on future research prospects for the international migration literature

The political economy of trade and migration: evidence from the U.S. Congress

We systematically examine the drivers of U.S. congressmen's votes on trade and migration reforms since the 1970's. Standard trade theory suggests that reforms that lower barriers to goods and migrants should have similar distributional effects, hurting low-skilled U.S. workers while benefiting high-skilled workers. In line with this prediction, we find that House members representing more skilled labor abundant districts are more likely to support both trade and migration liberalization. Still, important differences exist: Democrats favor trade reforms less than Republicans, while the opposite is true for immigration reforms; welfare state considerations and network effects shape support for immigration, but not for trade

Perspectives on care and communication involving incurably ill Turkish and Moroccan patients, relatives and professionals: a systematic literature review

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Our aim was to obtain a clearer picture of the relevant care experiences and care perceptions of incurably ill Turkish and Moroccan patients, their relatives and professional care providers, as well as of communication and decision-making patterns at the end of life. The ultimate objective is to improve palliative care for Turkish and Moroccan immigrants in the Netherlands, by taking account of socio-cultural factors in the guidelines for palliative care.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A systematic literature review was undertaken. The data sources were seventeen national and international literature databases, four Dutch journals dedicated to palliative care and 37 websites of relevant national and international organizations. All the references found were checked to see whether they met the structured inclusion criteria. Inclusion was limited to publications dealing with primary empirical research on the relationship between socio-cultural factors and the health or care situation of Turkish or Moroccan patients with an oncological or incurable disease. The selection was made by first reading the titles and abstracts and subsequently the full texts. The process of deciding which studies to include was carried out by two reviewers independently. A generic appraisal instrument was applied to assess the methodological quality.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Fifty-seven studies were found that reported findings for the countries of origin (mainly Turkey) and the immigrant host countries (mainly the Netherlands). The central themes were experiences and perceptions of family care, professional care, end-of-life care and communication. Family care is considered a duty, even when such care becomes a severe burden for the main female family caregiver in particular. Professional hospital care is preferred by many of the patients and relatives because they are looking for a cure and security. End-of-life care is strongly influenced by the continuing hope for recovery. Relatives are often quite influential in end-of-life decisions, such as the decision to withdraw or withhold treatments. The diagnosis, prognosis and end-of-life decisions are seldom discussed with the patient, and communication about pain and mental problems is often limited. Language barriers and the dominance of the family may exacerbate communication problems.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This review confirms the view that family members of patients with a Turkish or Moroccan background have a central role in care, communication and decision making at the end of life. This, in combination with their continuing hope for the patient’s recovery may inhibit open communication between patients, relatives and professionals as partners in palliative care. This implies that organizations and professionals involved in palliative care should take patients’ socio-cultural characteristics into account and incorporate cultural sensitivity into care standards and care practices<it>.</it></p

How do Very Open Economies Absorb Large Immigration Flows? Recent Evidence from Spanish Regions

In recent years, Spain has received unprecedented immigration flows. Between 2001 and 2006 the fraction of the population born abroad more than doubled, increasing from 4.8% to 10.8%. For Spanish provinces with above-median inflows (relative to population), immigration increased the high school dropout population by 24%, while only increasing the number of college graduates by 11%. We study the different channels by which regional labor markets have absorbed the large increase in the relative supply of low educated (foreign-born) workers. We identify the exogenous supply shock using historical immigrant settlement patterns by country of origin. Using data from the Labor Force Survey and the decennial Census, we find a large expansion of employment in high immigration regions. Specifically, most industries in high-immigration regions experienced a large increase in the share of low-education employment. We do not find an effect on regions' sectoral specialization. Overall, and perhaps surprisingly, Spanish regions have absorbed immigration flows in the same fashion as US local economies

Illegal immigration and media exposure: evidence on individual attitudes

Illegal immigration has been the focus of much debate in receiving countries, but little is known about the drivers of individual attitudes towards illegal immigrants. To study this question, we use the CCES survey, which was carried out in 2006 in the USA. We find evidence that—in addition to standard labor market and welfare state considerations—media exposure is significantly correlated with public opinion on illegal immigration. Controlling for education, income, ideology, and other socio-demographic characteristics, individuals watching Fox News are 9 percentage points more likely than CBS viewers to oppose the legalization of undocumented immigrants. We find an effect of the same size and direction for CNN viewers, whereas individuals watching PBS are instead more likely to support legalization. Ideological self-selection into different news programs plays an important role, but cannot entirely explain the correlation between media exposure and attitudes about illegal immigration