Modelling language ideologies for the dynamics of languages in contact

In multilingual societies, it is common to encounter different language varieties. Various approaches have been proposed to discuss different mechanisms of language shift. However, current models exploring language shift in languages in contact often overlook the influence of language ideologies. Language ideologies play a crucial role in understanding language usage within a cultural community, encompassing shared beliefs, assumptions, and feelings towards specific language forms. These ideologies shed light on the social perceptions of different language varieties expressed as language attitudes. In this study, we introduce an approach that incorporates language ideologies into a model for contact varieties by considering speaker preferences as a parameter. Our findings highlight the significance of preference in language shift, which can even outweigh the influence of language prestige associated, for example, with a standard variety. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of the degree of interaction between individuals holding opposing preferences on the language shift process. Quite expectedly, our results indicate that when communities with different preferences mix, the coexistence of language varieties becomes less likely. However, variations in the degree of interaction between individuals with contrary preferences notably lead to non-trivial transitions from states of coexistence of varieties to the extinction of a given variety, followed by a return to coexistence, ultimately culminating in the dominance of the previously extinct variety. By studying finite-size effects, we observe that the duration of coexistence states increases exponentially with network size. Ultimately, our work constitutes a quantitative approach to the study of language ideologies in sociolinguistics.Comment: 18 pages, 15 figure

Multiagent systems

Our future is that of a mixed society of people and AI artifacts. A multitude of devices in our homes will need not only to make intelligent decisions, but they will also need to coordinate with each other to serve us well. Cars will have to coordinate to allow safe road crossings, avoiding accidents. Also, the industry is already beginning to integrate teams of humans and robots collaborating to solve complex problems...Peer reviewe

Desarrollo tecnológico en ingeniería automotriz

El proceso de investigación y desarrollo tecnológico está directamente relacionado con una adecuada metodología de procesos industriales, que cada vez son más exigentes en competitividad, eficiencia energética y de normativas ambientales. Este libro contempla resultados de un proceso de investigación y desarrollo de nuevas técnicas aplicadas en el campo de la Ingeniería Automotriz desde cuatro aristas: eficiencia energética y contaminación ambiental, planificación del transporte, ingeniería del mantenimiento aplicada al transporte y desagregación tecnológica. Este libro conmemora 20 años de formación universitaria salesiana en el sector de transporte y recoge las experiencias y resultados obtenidos asociados con el desarrollo tecnológico en ingeniería automotriz. Para lograr este objetivo, se ha convocado a la comunidad científica, académica y profesionales de la industria automotriz a participar en la publicación. Cada capítulo fue sometido a revisión, evaluación y aprobación por un comité científico altamente calificado, proveniente de seis países: Colombia, Ecuador, España, Guinea Ecuatorial, México y Venezuela. Este trabajo ha sido posible gracias al gran apoyo de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (UPS sede Cuenca), Ecuador y Universidad de Los Andes (ULA)

Diseño de un sistema mecatrónico para la dosificación de sulfato de aluminio en una planta de tratamiento de agua potable

Considerando que la dosificación de químicos es un proceso fundamental para el tratamiento del agua en la empresa EMAPAL, el siguiente trabajo de titulación propone establecer las bases para el diseño de un sistema mecatrónico para la dosificación de Sulfato de Aluminio de la Planta Potabilizadora de Mahuarcay (EMAPAL-EP) en la ciudad de Azogues. Para ello, se propone el análisis de los parámetros de diseño, un sistema de adquisición de datos, el diseño del sistema de control y su respectiva simulación.Considering that the dosage of chemicals is a fundamental process for the treatment of water in the EMAPAL company, the following titling work proposes to establish the bases for the design of a mechatronic system for the dosage of Aluminum Sulfate of the Mahuarcay Water Treatment Plant (EMAPAL-EP) in Azogues city. For this, the analysis of the design parameters, a data acquisition system, the design of the control system and its respective simulation are proposed

Profit rates and assets-price inflation in the Spanish economy

The paper provides an in-depth analysis of profitability in Spain between 1995 and 2014, showing that behind the asset-price inflation of the growth period and its corresponding macroeconomic imbalances, an underlying problem of capital valorization can be found. For this purpose, a study of various measures of profitability is carried out based on the concept of productive labor and highlighting the role of finance (interest rates and indebtedness). The evolution of the profit rate in previous years is also shown, together with a comparison with countries in the Eurozone, both in the most advanced areas and in the periphery. The paper reveals the large extent of the underlying profitability crisis, with a huge fall of profit rates from the late sixties, during the period of the housing boom, and throughout the subsequent recession. In addition, this drop in profitability stands out in relation to other economies of the European periphery. Hence, the study puts the rate of profit at the center of the debate on the Great Recession in Spain, despite its absence in much of the economic literatureEste artigo analiza en profundidade a rendibilidade do capital en España entre 1995 e 2014, e mostra o problema subxacente de valorización do capital detrás da inflación dos activos propia do período de crecemento, e os seus correspondentes desequilibrios macroeconómicos. Para iso, realízase un estudo de diversas medidas da rendibilidade a partir do concepto de traballo produtivo, con especial énfase no papel das finanzas (tipos de xuro e endebedamento). Á súa vez, abórdase a evolución da taxa de beneficio en anos anteriores, xunto cunha comparación con países da Eurozona, tanto nas economías máis avanzadas como na periferia. A investigación revela a amplitude da crise de rendibilidade subxacente, cunha importante caída das taxas de ganancia desde finais dos anos sesenta, durante o período do boom inmobiliario, así como ao longo da recesión posterior. Ademais, este descenso da rendibilidade destaca en relación con outras economías da periferia europea, de aí que o estudo sitúe a taxa de beneficio no centro do debate sobre a Gran Recesión en España, a pesar da súa ausencia en gran parte da literatura económic

Influencia de la viscosidad del lubricante como sellante de holguras en las válvulas de un motor de combustión interna alternativo Hyundai Accent DOCH 1.5L mediante análisis de vibraciones y emisiones contaminantes

La presente investigación analiza la influencia que tiene la viscosidad del lubricante como sellante de holguras en las válvulas de un motor de combustión interna alternativo mediante el análisis de vibraciones y emisiones contaminantes.This research analyzes the influence of the oil viscosity as a gap sealant on the valves of an internal combustion engine through the analysis of vibrations and pollutant emissions

Use of local anesthetic for the resolution of benign anorectal pathology in the Social Security Institute of Guatemala (IGSS)

Introduction: The use of regional anesthetic block has increased, along with the reduction of the use of spine anesthetic in this particular field of surgical activity. In the last decade ambulatory surgery and local anesthetic have lower surgical time, complications of the anesthetic itself, and hospital stay. Objective: Presenting the results obteained with the use of local anesthesic and analgesic in the resolution of benign anorectal pathology. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal, study, from January 2017 to December 2017, patients were classified according to surgical procedures performed using analogical visual scale to determine the pain tolerance, during the procedure, 24 h later and in the 5th post operative day. Results: 253 procedures were performed with 116 local analgesia, 116 were male (45.86%) years 137 female (54%), Milligan-Morgan hemorroidectomy with Ligasure and fistulotomy were the most frequently performed procedures 32% each, followed by biopsy 16%, left lateral esfinterotomy 13% and cutaneous appendix 12%. Females presented better pain tolerance than males patients (92 vs. 81), 68% referred good tolerance through the procedure. Conclusions: 68% of all the patients obtained good pain tolerance through anal anesthetic block, females manifested better pain tolerance than males, in non-complicated anorectal pathology local block ha shown to be safe and reproductible for the treatment of benign anorectal pathology in the Guatemalan Institute for Social Security. Resumo: Introdução: O uso de bloqueio anestésico regional aumentou ao mesmo tempo em que diminuiu o uso do anestésico espinhal nesse campo específico da atividade cirúrgica. Na última década, a cirurgia ambulatorial e o anestésico local apresentaram um tempo cirúrgico menor, menos complicações associadas ao próprio anestésico e redução da permanência hospitalar. Objetivo: Apresentar os resultados obtidos com o uso de anestésico local e analgésico na resolução da patologia anorretal benigna. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, longitudinal, realizado no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2017. Com o uso de uma escala visual analógica, os pacientes foram classificados para determinar a tolerância à dor durante o procedimento, 24 horas após a cirurgia e no quinto dia de pós-operatório. Resultados: No total, 253 procedimentos foram realizados com 116 analgesias locais; 116 pacientes eram do sexo masculino (4586%) e 137 do sexo feminino (54%). A técnica de Milligan-Morgan para hemorroidectomia com ligadura e a fistulotomia foram os procedimentos realizados com mais frequência (32% cada), seguidos de biópsia (16%), esfincterotomia lateral esquerda (13%) e apêndice cutâneo (12%). As mulheres apresentaram melhor tolerância à dor que os homens (92 vs. 81), e 68% apresentaram boa tolerância durante o procedimento. Conclusões: De todos os pacientes, 68% apresentaram boa tolerância à dor com o uso de bloqueio anestésico por via retal; as mulheres manifestaram melhor tolerância à dor que os homens. Na patologia anorretal não complicada, o bloqueio local mostrou ser seguro e reprodutível para o tratamento da patologia anorretal benigna no Instituto Guatemalteco de Seguridade Social. Keywords: Analgesia, Local block, Anorectal pathology, Guatemala, Social Security, Palavras-chave: Analgesia, Bloqueio local, Patologia anorretal, Guatemala, Seguro Socia

Tuberculosis, detección de casos y control terapéutico, provincia del Cañar parroquia San Miguel de Porotos 1990

Doctor en Medicina y CirugíaCuenc