GROWTH OF IMMOBILIZED PLANT-CELLS IN RETICULATE POLYURETHANE FOAM MATRICES

X1126sciescopu

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of pepper in liquid media

A protocol was developed for regeneration of pepper (Capsicum annuum var. Ace) through somatic embryogenesis in liquid media. For embryogenic callus formation, mature zygotic embryo explants were used on basal Murashige and Skoog medium with 9.05 µM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 3% sucrose. Embryogenic callus was transferred to liquid basal Murashige and Skoog medium with 4.52 µM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 3% sucrose in order to increase the mass of the embryogenic culture. After pretreatment with potassium citrate, cells were placed into embryo initiation medium with 6 g l-1 L-proline and a decreased (10 mM) ammonium concentration. Embryos were matured in 1.89 µM abscisic acid containing half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium and converted into plants both in vivo and in vitro at up to a 97% efficiency

Somatic embryogenesis of pepper in bioreactors: A study of bioreactor type and oxygen uptake rates

Somatic embryogenesis of pepper, Capsicum annuum var. Ace, was performed in an airlift bioreactor and a magnetically stirred hanging-stirrer-bar bioreactor, each with 1.8 l working volume. All stages of embryogenesis, from growth of embryogenic suspension cultures to embryo maturation, were performed in the bioreactor as a series of drain-and-fill batches, keeping the cells and embryos in the bioreactor all the time. When two bioreactors were compared in terms of percentage embryogenesis and visually observed quality of mixing, under different rates of aeration and stirring, the performance of the magnetically stirred bioreactor was better. The effects of inoculum type and inoculum level on the percentage embryogenesis were also investigated. Under the optimum conditions, embryogenesis was 98%, with 57 embryos/ml. Oxygen-uptake rates of cultures in different stages of embryogenesis were different, the highest being in the embryogenic suspension culture and the lowest during embryo maturation

SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF PLANT-CELL AGGREGATES IN BATCH CULTURE

X1114sciescopu

Artificial seeds of pepper somatic embryos

1st International Symposium on Solanacea for Fresh Market -- MAR 28-31, 1995 -- MALAGA, SPAINWOS: 000071774700011Artificial seeds are a potential method for delivering somatic embryos to the field. Mature somatic embryos were encapsulated in calcium alginate gel using different concentrations of sodium alginate (2-6%) and calcium chloride (25-100 mM) in order to determine the effect of rigidity of bead on the conversion frequency of somatic embryos, MS medium supplemented with 3% sucrose was used far germination. Variability was obtained between sodium alginate and calcium cloride concentration with respect to % germination. Plant regeneration frequency decreased with an increase in sodium alginate concentration above 3%. 3% sodium alginate and 75 mM calcium chloride gave the best conversion and optimum bead rigidity and shape. In vitro and in vivo conversion of naked and encapsulated embryos were compared.Int Soc Hort Sci, Spanish Soc Hort Sci, Consejo Super Invest Cient, Junta Andalucia, Consejeria Agr & Pesca, Plan Nacl Invest Cientif & Desarrollo Tecnol, Excma, Diputac Malaga, British Council, Cajas Rurales Granada & Malaga, Unicaja, MSD Agvet, Haifa Chem, Ferquis

ARTIFICIAL SEEDS OF PEPPER SOMATIC EMBRYOS

1st International Symposium on Solanacea for Fresh Market -- MAR 28-31, 1995 -- MALAGA, SPAINWOS: 000071774700011Artificial seeds are a potential method for delivering somatic embryos to the field. Mature somatic embryos were encapsulated in calcium alginate gel using different concentrations of sodium alginate (2-6%) and calcium chloride (25-100 mM) in order to determine the effect of rigidity of bead on the conversion frequency of somatic embryos, MS medium supplemented with 3% sucrose was used far germination. Variability was obtained between sodium alginate and calcium cloride concentration with respect to % germination. Plant regeneration frequency decreased with an increase in sodium alginate concentration above 3%. 3% sodium alginate and 75 mM calcium chloride gave the best conversion and optimum bead rigidity and shape. In vitro and in vivo conversion of naked and encapsulated embryos were compared.Int Soc Hort Sci, Spanish Soc Hort Sci, Consejo Super Invest Cient, Junta Andalucia, Consejeria Agr & Pesca, Plan Nacl Invest Cientif & Desarrollo Tecnol, Excma, Diputac Malaga, British Council, Cajas Rurales Granada & Malaga, Unicaja, MSD Agvet, Haifa Chem, Ferquis

Large scale production of pepper somatic embryos using bioreactors

1st International Symposium on Solanacea for Fresh Market -- MAR 28-31, 1995 -- MALAGA, SPAINWOS: 000071774700004Bioreactors can he used for large scale production of somatic embryos effectively as labour saving system. Two different types of bioreactor, an airlift and a magnetically stirred "hanging stirrer bar" bioreactor, each with 1.8 l working volume, and different mixing/aeration rates were examined to determine a system capable of in vitro pepper somatic embryo production. Production of pepper somatic embryos in a bioreactor was successful when a hanging stirrer bar bioreactor was used, Mixing, aeration, inoculum type and level affect directly the somatic embryogenesis in a bioreactor. The best results were obtained from hanging stirrer bar bioreactor at 0.45 vvm aeration and 80 rpm mixing rate in terms of percent embryogenesis. These results confirm that bioreactor culture offers promising aspects for large scale production.Int Soc Hort Sci, Spanish Soc Hort Sci, Consejo Super Invest Cient, Junta Andalucia, Consejeria Agr & Pesca, Plan Nacl Invest Cientif & Desarrollo Tecnol, Excma, Diputac Malaga, British Council, Cajas Rurales Granada & Malaga, Unicaja, MSD Agvet, Haifa Chem, Ferquis