Iniforis Jousseaume 1884

Genus Iniforis Jousseaume, 1884 Type species Iniforis malvaceus Jousseaume, 1884. Original designation. Recent, New Caledonia.Published as part of Fernandes, Maurício Romulo & Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, 2019, Basic anatomy of species of Triphoridae (Gastropoda, Triphoroidea) from Brazil, pp. 1-60 in European Journal of Taxonomy 517 on page 18, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.517, http://zenodo.org/record/264789

FIGURE 10 in Taxonomic review of Inella and Strobiligera (Gastropoda: Triphoridae) from Brazil

FIGURE 10. "Inella" galo sp. nov. A. MNRJ 29365, holotype, 8.09 mm. B. MZSP 39584, paratype, 7.48 mm. C. MZSP 39584, paratype, 8.47 mm, with a small barnacle adhered in it. D. MNRJ 29410, paratype, 9.90 mm. E–G, I, K: holotype. H, J: same shell as D. Scale bars: A–E, 1 mm; F–H, 500 µm; I–J, 250 µm; K, 100 µm.Published as part of Fernandes, Maurício Romulo & Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, 2019, Taxonomic review of Inella and Strobiligera (Gastropoda: Triphoridae) from Brazil, pp. 1-52 in Zootaxa 4613 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4613.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/323798

FIGURE 11 in Taxonomic review of Inella and Strobiligera (Gastropoda: Triphoridae) from Brazil

FIGURE 11. "Inella" euconfio sp. nov. A. MNRJ 32545, holotype, 7.96 mm. B. MNRJ 32627, paratype, 14.33 mm. C. MNRJ 33763, paratype, 6.83 mm. D–E. MNRJ 31113, paratype, 7.93 mm. F, I–K: MNRJ 18692, shell not illustrated (K, detail of first protoconch whorl). G–H: same shell as D. Scale bars: A–E, 1 mm; F–H, 500 µm; I–J, 100 µm; K, 50 µm.Published as part of Fernandes, Maurício Romulo & Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, 2019, Taxonomic review of Inella and Strobiligera (Gastropoda: Triphoridae) from Brazil, pp. 1-52 in Zootaxa 4613 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4613.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/323798

Unraveling one of the ‘Big Five’: update of the taxonomy of Triphoridae (Gastropoda, Triphoroidea) from Brazil

The present study aims to fulfill the gap of taxonomic knowledge on Triphoridae from Brazil. We describe five new species (Isotriphora uncia sp. nov., Isotriphora leo sp. nov., Monophorus verecundus sp. nov., Sagenotriphora albocaput sp. nov., Similiphora lucida sp. nov.), report five species previously known only from the Caribbean and related areas (Cheirodonta dupliniana (Olsson, 1916), Eutriphora auffenbergi Rolán & Lee, 2008, Isotriphora tricingulata Rolán & Fernández-Garcés, 2015, Marshallora ostenta Rolán & Fernández-Garcés, 2008, Monophorus caracca (Dall, 1927) comb. nov.) and describe six morphotypes at the generic level (Isotriphora sp. 1, Marshallora sp. 1, Nanaphora sp. 1, Sagenotriphora sp. 1, Sagenotriphora sp. 2, Similiphora sp. 1). Remarks are made to some species previously recorded from Brazil, including the invalidation of records, problems of generic allocation and geographical range extensions. Maps of the geographical distribution are provided for the 65 currently recognized species of Triphoridae from Brazil. Of these, 31 species are endemic to Brazil and 58 inhabit the continental shelf vs only seven from the continental slope. A distinct geographical zone occurs in southeastern Brazil. A few species occur exclusively near the mouth of the Amazon River, whereas others inhabit a local biogenic reef, possibly serving as a biogeographical corridor that connects western Atlantic populations. Species of Isotriphora from Brazil are particularly common around oceanic islands, probably due to adopting intracapsular metamorphosis, which may have evolved in more than one evolutionary event

Latitriphora albida A. Adams 1854

Latitriphora albida (A. Adams, 1854) Figs 2E, 12–13 Material examined BAHAMAS • [2, 1 d] specs; Abaco; 0.5 m depth; 17 Feb. 2004; C. Redfern leg.; BMSM 55442. Description of basic anatomy OPERCULUM. Yellowish, ovate, moderately thick, poorly distinct whorls, nucleus subcentral, dislocated 25% from center toward margin; diameter of operculum exceeds diameter of opercular pouch in ~19%. JAW. Wing-shaped; outer side with scales rectangular/squared, leaf-shaped, rectangular-bilobed, boneshaped or irregular; scales with micro-pores up to 400 nm in diameter; inner side with scales lanceolate, fusiform, or hexagonal in a lesser extent, surface smooth; scales of outer side 10.8–12.6 µm long, 3.9– 5.2 µm wide, ratio length/width 2.3–2.9 (rectangular scales), 10.7–11.8 µm long, 4.2–5.2 µm wide, ratio length/width 2.2–2.8 (leaf-shaped), 11.0– 11.9 µm long, 4.5–6.4 µm wide, ratio length/width 1.8–2.5 (rectangular-bilobed), 10.4–11.6 µm long, 2.4–3.2 µm wide, ratio length/width 3.5–4.9 (bone-shaped); scales of inner side 13.3–17.4 µm long, 3.4–4.4 µm wide, ratio length/width 3.3–4.0 (lanceolate), 9.5– 13.3 µm long, 1.7–2.4 µm wide, ratio length/width 4.7–6.4 (fusiform), 11.5–14.5 µm long, 4.3–4.8 µm wide, ratio length/width 2.6–3.1 (hexagonal). RADULA. Formula 12-1-1-1-12; central tooth with three or four triangular and pointed cusps, cusp 3 absent in some rows, up to 63% of length of remaining cusps; lateral teeth comb-like, right lateral teeth with five equally-sized cusps, left lateral teeth with five or six cusps, cusp 1 absent or much smaller (28–53% of length of larger cusps) and cusp 3 with 56–70% of length of larger cusps; M1 with four cusps, cusps 1 and 4 robust, triangular and pointed, cusps 2 and 3 extremely elongated and filiform, 1.8–2.7× more elongated than remaining cusps; M2–M12 with three cusps (abnormal teeth with four cusps may occur), median one extremely elongated and filiform, 2.3–3.8× more elongated than outer cusps; central tooth 4.3–4.8 µm wide; lateral teeth 4.6–5.2 µm wide; M1 3.3–3.6 µm wide; M2–M12 1.9–2.9 µm wide. Remarks Live specimens of L. albida were hitherto studied only from Bahamas (Rolán & Fernández-Garcés 1995; Redfern 2013). In addition to the description of the jaw (Fig. 12 D–G), the present study provides important details of the radula that were unnoticed by Rolán & Fernández-Garcés (1995): (1) the central tooth was indicated to have only three cusps in Rolán & Fernández-Garcés (1995), but it is herein shown that cusp 3 (of a total of four cusps) is present in some teeth (Fig. 13 D–E); (2) lateral teeth indeed have typically five cusps, but an additional smaller cusp can be seen in some left lateral teeth (Fig. 13D), possibly hidden or not yet developed in the right teeth; (3) the median filiform cusps of M1–M9 drawn by Rolán & Fernández-Garcés (1995: fig. 46) are much more reduced than those illustrated herein (Fig. 13C, F); (4) these authors affirmed that M1–M3 present four cusps, which is actually true for M1 but rare for M2–M3 (which often exhibit three cusps). In addition, they indicated that 13 (instead of 12) marginal teeth are present in L. albida, reflecting a possible intraspecific variation or merely a mistake therein or herein in the counting of teeth owing to considerable difficulties in such cases of overcrowded teeth. Based on the previous description of the radula of L. albida, Rolán & Fernández-Garcés (1995) considered it to be very similar to the radula of the western Pacific and type species Nototriphora aupouria (Powell, 1937). Actually, the tooth morphology of L. albida resembles that of Atlantic species of Nototriphora Marshall, 1983 (discussed below), with a slight difference related to the number of cusps in the central tooth (three or four in L. albida, three in Atlantic species of Nototriphora). A molecular investigation is required to determine the degree of divergence between both genera in the Atlantic, besides evaluating the affinity between L. albida and Pacific species of Latitriphora, owing to substantial differences in the shell; e.g., the former does not constantly bear two spiral cords in the protoconch, but instead has a pattern of 2-1-2-(1) cords (Fernandes & Pimenta 2017b), and does not exhibit a simultaneous emergence of the three spiral cords of teleoconch (Fernandes & Pimenta in prep.).Published as part of Fernandes, Maurício Romulo & Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, 2019, Basic anatomy of species of Triphoridae (Gastropoda, Triphoroidea) from Brazil, pp. 1-60 in European Journal of Taxonomy 517 on pages 21-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.517, http://zenodo.org/record/264789

Nototriphora Marshall 1983

Genus Nototriphora Marshall, 1983 Type species Notosinister aupouria Powell, 1937. Original designation. Recent, New Zealand.Published as part of Fernandes, Maurício Romulo & Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, 2019, Basic anatomy of species of Triphoridae (Gastropoda, Triphoroidea) from Brazil, pp. 1-60 in European Journal of Taxonomy 517 on page 33, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.517, http://zenodo.org/record/264789

Nanaphora Laseron 1958

Genus Nanaphora Laseron, 1958 Type species Nanaphora torquesa Laseron, 1958. Original designation. Recent, eastern Australia.Published as part of Fernandes, Maurício Romulo & Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, 2019, Basic anatomy of species of Triphoridae (Gastropoda, Triphoroidea) from Brazil, pp. 1-60 in European Journal of Taxonomy 517 on page 30, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.517, http://zenodo.org/record/264789

Cheirodonta Marshall 1983

Genus <i>Cheirodonta</i> Marshall, 1983 Type species <p> <i>Cerithium perversum</i> var. <i>pallescens</i> Jeffreys, 1867. Original designation. Recent, northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean.</p>Published as part of <i>Fernandes, Maurício Romulo & Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, 2019, Basic anatomy of species of Triphoridae (Gastropoda, Triphoroidea) from Brazil, pp. 1-60 in European Journal of Taxonomy 517</i> on page 12, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.517, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/2647891">http://zenodo.org/record/2647891</a&gt

Cosmotriphora melanura

<i>Cosmotriphora</i> <i>melanura</i> (C.B. Adams, 1850) <p>Figs 2C, 7–8</p> Material examined <p> BRAZIL – <b>Espírito Santo State</b> • [1, d] spec.; Ilha Escalvada, Guarapari; 20°42´00″ S, 40°24´28″ W; 10–15 m depth; 12 Dec. 2014; M. R. Fernandes and L. S. Souza leg.; MNRJ 33980. – <b>Rio de Janeiro State</b> • [3, 2 d] specs; Campos Basin; 22°42´S, 40°40´W; 2006; MNRJ 18750 • [3, 2 d] specs; same data as for preceding; MNRJ 33138.</p> Description of basic anatomy <p>EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY. Body mainly white, but a distinct, sinuous, black stripe occupies the upper-mid portion of the whorl during a little less than half whorl of length, one to two whorls posteriorly to the operculum; roof of mantle cavity can be yellowish in fresh specimens.</p> <p>OPERCULUM. Yellowish, ovate-elliptical, thin, semi-transparent, membranous, poorly distinct whorls, nucleus subcentral, dislocated 14% to 23% from center toward margin; denticles in the inner border of operculum; diameter of operculum exceeds diameter of opercular pouch in 22% to 30%.</p> <p>JAW. Wing-shaped; outer side with scales rectangular, rectangular-bilobed or acute-lanceolate; scales with micro-pores up to 260 nm in diameter; inner side with hexagonal scales, surface smooth; outer side with rectangular scales 12.1–12.3 µm long, 2.7–2.9 µm wide, ratio length/width 4.2–4.4, acutelanceolate scales 21.0– 26.7 µm long, 6.9–7.9 µm wide, ratio length/width 3.0–3.7; scales of inner side 13.7–17.3 µm long, 3.9–5.0 µm wide, ratio length/width 2.9–3.8.</p> <p>RADULA. Formula not discernible because of overcrowded outer marginal teeth; central and lateral teeth head-fork shaped with four triangular cusps, inner ones 1.3–1.6× more elongated than outer ones; inner marginal teeth (i.e., M1 to M5) with three cusps, width of teeth gradually decreasing towards outer marginal teeth, median cusp more prominent and elongated, 1.2–2.1× longer than outer cusps, becoming increasingly elongated towards outer marginal teeth; outer marginal teeth (i.e., after M6) with two elongated and filiform cusps, somewhat hook-shaped, inner cusp much shorter (usually 2.2–2.9× shorter than outer cusp, but even 4.5–5.0× shorter in teeth under development); central tooth 2.9–3.5 µm wide, lateral teeth 2.9–3.6 µm wide, inner marginal teeth 1.7–2.7 µm wide, outer marginal teeth 6.0– 10.6 µm long.</p> Remarks <p> Rolán & Fernández-Garcés (1994) described the external morphology of <i>C</i>. <i>melanura</i> as having numerous white/yellowish spots in the anterior portion of the body, which was not observed in the present study probably due to a faint coloration after a long storage in ethanol. However, all specimens had a distinct and previously unnoticed black stripe situated at one to two whorls posteriorly to the operculum (Fig. 7 A–B), not present in any other triphorid studied so far; this stripe is continuous and does not seem to be related to fecal pellets. Opercula of specimens from Brazil (Fig. 7 C–D) are identical to those of Caribbean specimens (Bouchet 1985: fig. 2).</p> <p>The radula of specimens from Brazil (Fig. 8) is almost identical to that of Caribbean specimens (Bouchet 1985; Rolán & Fernández-Garcés 1994), with the exception that the central tooth of Brazilian specimens is more similar to the lateral teeth of Caribbean ones (outer cusps considerably shorter than inner ones), but lateral teeth of Brazilian specimens are more similar to the central tooth of Caribbean ones (outer cusps not so shorter than inner ones). Although not illustrated, Bouchet (1985) noted differences in the marginal teeth of a juvenile from the eastern Atlantic when compared to the pattern seen in adults from the western Atlantic, warning for the necessity of fine radular comparisons from adult specimens from both sides of the Atlantic. After examining several specimens from Cuba (Caribbean) and Ghana (eastern Atlantic), Rolán & Fernández-Garcés (1994) concluded that there were no significant differences in their radulae, despite not having illustrated those from the eastern Atlantic.</p>Published as part of <i>Fernandes, Maurício Romulo & Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, 2019, Basic anatomy of species of Triphoridae (Gastropoda, Triphoroidea) from Brazil, pp. 1-60 in European Journal of Taxonomy 517</i> on pages 15-18, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.517, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/2647891">http://zenodo.org/record/2647891</a&gt