2,722 research outputs found
The Alt-Right Movement and National Security
Identifying the January 6 insurrection at the US Capitol as an inflection point, this article analyzes the historical relationship between White supremacy and the US military from Reconstruction after the Civil War to the present. The article posits causes for the disproportionate number of current and former members of the military associated with White power groups and proposes steps the Department of Defense can take to combat the problems posed by the association of the US military with these groups
Accounting for genetic differences among unknown parents in microevolutionary studies : how to include genetic groups in quantitative genetic animal models
This work was funded by a European Research Council Starting Grant to JMR. We thank Loeske Kruuk, Karin Meyer, Michael Morrissey, Simon Evans, Jarrod Hadfield and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments and insights.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Is Pairing with a Relative Heritable? : Estimating Female and Male Genetic Contributions to the Degree of Biparental Inbreeding in Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia)
Acknowledgments We thank the Tsawout and Tseycum First Nation bands for access to Mandarte, P. Arcese and everyone who contributed to the long‐term data collection, and the European Research Council and Royal Society for funding. We thank P. Bijma, J. D. Hadfield, L. F. Keller, and E. Postma for illuminating discussions. In addition, R. Bonduriansky, L. E. B. Kruuk, and an anonymous reviewer provided insightful comments that improved the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Learning to Prevent Campus Violence, EKU-Safe: A Bystander Intervention Training Program
EKU-SAFE is a campus outreach violence prevention program funded through the Department of Justice. One aspect of the project was to design and implement Bystander Intervention Training for all first year students at Eastern Kentucky University, a regional university with an enrollment of 16,000 students. Literature in violence prevention with college campus populations indicates that significant behavior and personal accountability can arise from Bystander Intervention Training (Banyard, Plante, & Moynihan, 2004). The purpose of this article is to report on changes in participants‟ perceptions and interpretations of violence prior to and following Bystander Intervention Training at Eastern Kentucky University and to assess the program‟s potential effectiveness for changing campus culture in terms of attitudes towards violence. Findings from this study will constitute a baseline for continued assessment of program efficacy. Possible future evaluation will assess the extent to which anti violence norms are retained one to three years after initial exposure to program materials. Ongoing efforts are necessary to facilitate broader culture change within the university; this change cannot be accomplished or sustained until a substantial number of individuals commit themselves, through action, to intolerance of violence against women and victim blaming, and support of women‟s safety
Individual repeatability and heritability of divorce in a wild population
Funding All authors were supported by a European Research Council grant to JMR. Fieldwork was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the University of British Columbia. Acknowledgments We thank the Tsawout and Tseycum First Nation bands for access to Mandarte, Peter Arcese, Lukas Keller, Pirmin Nietlisbach, and the University of Aberdeen Maxwell High Performance Computing cluster.Peer reviewedPostprin
Quantifying inbreeding avoidance through extra-pair reproduction
© 2014 The Author(s). Evolution © 2014 The Society for the Study of Evolution.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
The prevalences of Salmonella Genomic Island 1 variants in human and animal Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 are distinguishable using a Bayesian approach
Throughout the 1990s, there was an epidemic of multidrug resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in both animals and humans in Scotland. The use of antimicrobials in agriculture is often cited as a major source of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria of humans, suggesting that DT104 in animals and humans should demonstrate similar prevalences of resistance determinants. Until very recently, only the application of molecular methods would allow such a comparison and our understanding has been hindered by the fact that surveillance data are primarily phenotypic in nature. Here, using large scale surveillance datasets and a novel Bayesian approach, we infer and compare the prevalence of Salmonella Genomic Island 1 (SGI1), SGI1 variants, and resistance determinants independent of SGI1 in animal and human DT104 isolates from such phenotypic data. We demonstrate differences in the prevalences of SGI1, SGI1-B, SGI1-C, absence of SGI1, and tetracycline resistance determinants independent of SGI1 between these human and animal populations, a finding that challenges established tenets that DT104 in domestic animals and humans are from the same well-mixed microbial population
Sex-specific additive genetic variances and correlations for fitness in a song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) population subject to natural immigration and inbreeding
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank the Tsawout and Tseycum First Nation bands for access to Mandarte and everyone who contributed to the long-term data collection. We thank the European Research Council for funding and the University of Aberdeen for generous access to the Maxwell High Performance Computing cluster. Pierre de Villemereuil, Michael B. Morrissey, and Jarrod D. Hadfield provided enlightening discussions during manuscript preparation. Joel McGlothlin and two anonymous reviewers provided further helpful comments. DATA ARCHIVING Data have been archived in the Dryad Digital Repository: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.p7p1jb3 (Wolak et al. 2018).Peer reviewedPostprintPostprintPublisher PD
A NARRATIVE IN RELIEF The Historiography of English Modern Painting (1910-1915), from the 1910s to the 1950s
The groups of painters in England who experimented with new visual
expressions of modernity between 1910 and 1915 are the subject of this
historiographical research. More precisely, the accounts of Vorticism,
Bloomsbury post-Impressionism and the modern art of painters associated
with Sickert, (principally the Camden Town Group), have been critically
examined over a forty year period in order to trace the narrative of their place
in contemporary art criticism and their entry into histories of what soon
became the recent past. This textually-based methodology has produced an
insight into the forces acting upon the critical reception of a particular period
subsequently seen by historians as a discrete phase in the evolution of British
art. The readings of texts are organised chronologically so as to illustrate the
formation of a historical narrative and its variants, and to show how immediate
responses and retrospective evaluations connect discursively.
The findings of the research have four aspects. Firstly, it has been fruitful to
isolate the narrative of the years 1910-15 over forty years so as to test
whether it is possible, using this longitudinal methodology, to comment
productively on the integrity of this historical episode, and to establish how the
narrative became a critical orthodoxy governed by a limited range of
analytical perspectives. Secondly, estimations as to the quality of the art
produced in these years developed a distinct, often negative, patterning in
journalism and art historical writing and this is also traced in some detail over
time. Dominant tropes in the critical language have been identified over this
forty year period which became the default positions of historical analysis and
which, I argue, impeded sophisticated or revisionist thinking. With a few
notable exceptions, the analysis of early English modern art is poorly served
by its commentators in this period and this weakened discursive health.
Thirdly, this thesis also considers the nature and influence of, periodicals,
newspapers, 'little magazines' and the genres of art-writing that were extant
between 1910 and 1956 and relates this to the distinctions and similarities
between art criticism and art history at this time. A fourth analytic strand
concerns outside influences on the production of critical and historical texts. lt
explores the impact of promotional art writing, and exposes the professional
pressures on, and rivalries between, writers and considers some of the wider
political circumstances through which this particular debate on recent art was
refracted
Demographic mechanisms of inbreeding adjustment through extra-pair reproduction
One hypothesis explaining extra-pair reproduction is that socially monogamous females mate with extra-pair males to adjust the coefficient of inbreeding (ƒ) of extra-pair offspring (EPO) relative to that of within-pair offspring (WPO) they would produce with their socially paired male. Such adjustment of offspring ƒrequires non-random extra-pair reproduction with respect to relatedness, which is in turn often assumed to require some mechanism of explicit pre-copulatory or post-copulatory kin discrimination. We propose three demographic processes that could potentially cause mean ƒ to differ between individual females' EPO and WPO given random extra-pair reproduction with available males without necessarily requiring explicit kin discrimination. Specifically, such a difference could arise if social pairings formed non-randomly with respect to relatedness or persisted non-randomly with respect to relatedness, or if the distribution of relatedness between females and their sets of potential mates changed during the period through which social pairings persisted. We used comprehensive pedigree and pairing data from free-living song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) to quantify these three processes and hence investigate how individual females could adjust mean offspring ƒ through instantaneously random extra-pair reproduction. Female song sparrows tended to form social pairings with unrelated or distantly related males slightly less frequently than expected given random pairing within the defined set of available males. Furthermore, social pairings between more closely related mates tended to be more likely to persist across years than social pairings between less closely related mates. However, these effects were small and the mean relatedness between females and their sets of potential extra-pair males did not change substantially across the years through which social pairings persisted. Our framework and analyses illustrate how demographic and social structuring within populations might allow females to adjust mean ƒ of offspring through random extra-pair reproduction without necessarily requiring explicit kin discrimination, implying that adjustment of offspring f might be an inevitable consequence of extra-pair reproduction. New theoretical and empirical studies are required to explore the general magnitude of such effects and quantify the degree to which they could facilitate or constrain long-term evolution of extra-pair reproduction
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