ポジション別にみた大学ラグビー選手の身体組成、形態、筋機能、栄養素摂取量の特徴

Rugby players play different roles according to their playing positions. Playing position is a key factor for players to increase or maintain their physical capacity. This study investigates body composition, anthropometric characteristics, muscular function and dietary intake of varsity rugby players, and examines the differences due to the playing position. The subjects were sixteen male varsity rugby players; seven forward players (FW) and nine back players (BK) aged 18.3±0.6 yrs. The results showed no significant differences of body composition, subcutaneous fat thickness and girth of circumference between FW and BK. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found between FW and BK for isokinetic leg strength (extension: FW=3.1±0.3Nm/kg, BK=3.5±0.4Nm/kg, flexion: FW=1.8±0.2Nm/kg, BK=2.0±0.1Nm/kg) and grip strength (FW=542±66Nm, BK=448±74Nm). But there were no significant differences between FW and BK for back strength, leg extension power, and maximal anaerobic power. Furthermore, dietary intakes were not significantly different. A lot of previous studies with senior players reported clear differences for body composition, anthropometric characteristics and muscular function due to playing positions. In this study, however, the subjects did not show the similar results as senior players. These differences are considered to come from in-maturity of the subjects for their playing positions. The most adapted physical characteristics of rugby player due to playing positions probably appear in/after university life with hard training and enough dietary intakes

Influence of instructional posters on cleanness of the hands after hand washing

本研究の目的は,手洗いポスターの違いによる手洗い消毒後の手洗いミスを比較することである｡調査対象は看護学生82名であった｡対象を41名ずつ2グループに分け,1グループには手洗い順序を示したポスターを,もう1グループには,手洗いミスを起こしやすい部位を図示したポスターを教材として与えた｡学生は,手指と手首に蛍光塗料を塗布後,抗菌石けんと流水による手洗い消毒を実施した｡次に蛍光塗料の残存状況を写真撮影後,画像処理し手洗いミスとして点数化した｡その結果,手洗いミスを起こしやすいポスターを使用したグループの方が,手洗い順序ポスターを用いたグループより手洗いミスが少ない傾向にあった｡なかでも手背側は,手洗いミスのポスターを使ったグループの方が手洗いミスは有意に少なかった(p<0.05)｡日常,手洗い場に掲示されているポスターは,手洗い順序を示したものが多い｡しかし,手洗いミスを起こしやすい部位を図示したポスターでも,手指衛生効果があることが示唆された｡The objective of this study was to compare the cleanness of the hands after following two different posters. The subjects were 82 nursing students. They were divided into 2 groups of 41 each. For instructions one group was given a poster showing the procedures of hand washing, and the other group was given a poster showing areas to be washed carefully. After a fluorescent dye was sprayed on the fingers and the wrists, the testees washed their hands with antimicrobial soap under running water. Then, the state of the remaining fluorescent dye was photographed. The images were processed, and the extent of hand washing was quantified. As a result, hand washing was more effective in the group given the poster showing areas to be washed carefully than in the other group. Particularly, the back of the hand was significantly cleaner in the former than in the latter group (p< 0.05). Many posters at hand-washing sites show the procedure of hand washing. However, a poster showing areas prone to poor hand washing seems to be more effective for ensuring cleanness of the hands

Basal metabolic rate and body composition of elite Japanese male athletes

The estimated energy requirement is important for adequate nutritional management in athletes. The energy requirement can be estimated from the basal metabolic rate (BMR). However, there is little data regarding the BMR of Japanese athletes. This study measured the BMR and body composition of 81 elite Japanese male athletes in different sports categories : endurance (E), strength, power and sprint (S) and ball game (B). The factors influencing the BMR were also investigated. The BMR and body composition were measured by indirect calorimetry and an air-displacement plentysmograph device (the BOD POD), respectively. The BMR per lean body mass (LBM) differed significantly among the three groups. The BMR was significantly correlated with the body weight (BW) and LBM in all groups. A multiple-regression analysis showed that the LBM was the most powerful predictor in the E and S groups, whereas the BW was the most powerful predictor in the B group. The BW appears to become an important predictor as the BW of athletes increases. Additionally, height was the second explanatory variable in the S and B groups, thus suggesting that height needs to be considered for the BMR in these groups. Therefore, the BMR in elite athletes needs to be estimated according to their body composition

Permeabilit of lipid bilayers to a spin trap, DMPO

Oxygen club of California 2000 World Congres