Correlation of changes in plasma and urinary levels of urea with changes in fat-free mass after bedrest.

<p>Plot of the after-bedrest final change in fat-free mass over the integral of changes from day1 to day35 of bedrest in plasma urea (R = 0.259, P = 0.270) and in urinary urea (R = 0.706, P<0.001). The correlation coefficient for the integral of changes in urinary urea was significant also after exclusion of the case with fat-free mass change below −4 kg (R = 0.494, P = 0.032) and with control for baseline values of the variables (partial R = 0.687, P = 0.002).</p

Correlation of day7 changes in plasma and urinary levels of urea with changes in fat-free mass after bedrest.

<p>Plot of the after-bedrest final change in fat-free mass over the day7 change in plasma urea (R = 0.566, P = 0.009) and in urinary urea (R = 0.715, P<0.001). The correlation coefficient for day7 change in plasma and urinary urea were significant also after exclusion of the case with fat-free mass change <4 kg (R = 0.554 and 0.640, P<0.01) and with control for baseline values of the variables (partial R = 0.608 and 0.684, P<0.01).</p

VAS scores of flatulence and number of bowel movements during ambulatory and bed rest period in 10 male healthy volunteers (mean±SE) (Repeated-measures ANOVA, p=0.02 and p=0.001, respectively).

<p>VAS scores of flatulence and number of bowel movements during ambulatory and bed rest period in 10 male healthy volunteers (mean±SE) (Repeated-measures ANOVA, p=0.02 and p=0.001, respectively).</p

Urea and creatinine during bedrest.

<p>Mean±SEM pre-bedrest and during bedrest of plasma and urinary levels of urea and creatinine. Stars above the x-axis lines indicate time-points which were statistically different versus day0 (P<0.05).</p

Weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) of 10 male healthy volunteers (mean±SE) significantly decreased during week-by-week comparisons period (ANOVA for repeated measures, p<0.001 and p=0.002, respectively).

<p>Weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) of 10 male healthy volunteers (mean±SE) significantly decreased during week-by-week comparisons period (ANOVA for repeated measures, p<0.001 and p=0.002, respectively).</p

Dietary data, anthropometrics, and erythrocyte-related indices during bedrest.

<p>On the left, changes over baseline in anthropometrical indices and dietary data in the insert. On the right: changes over baseline in erythrocyte-related indices and estimated changes in plasma volume in the insert. Data are shown as mean±SEM. Differences versus day0 were statistically significant at day7 only for fat mass (P = 0.009), at all time-points from day7 to day35 for weight, fat-free mass, muscle mass, hemoglobin, and hematocrit (P≤0.022).</p

Descriptive statistics at baseline and at bedrest termination (day0 and day35).

<p>Descriptive statistics at baseline and at bedrest termination (day0 and day35).</p

Water intake and 24-h urine volume during ambulatory and bed rest period in 10 male healthy volunteers.

<p>ANOVA for repeated measures demonstrated no significant changes during week-by-week comparisons.</p

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and pulse rate (PR) significantly change along the experiment in 10 male healthy volunteers, p < 0.001and p<0.001, respectively (mean±SE).

<p>Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and pulse rate (PR) significantly change along the experiment in 10 male healthy volunteers, p < 0.001and p<0.001, respectively (mean±SE).</p

The mean SF-36 scale scores of 10 male healthy volunteers (mean±SE).

<p>The scores on all scales range from 0 to 100, with higher scores reflecting better health. * p <0.05 pre- vs postbed rest using paired t-test.PF (physical function), (RP) role-physical, (BP) bodily pain, (GH) general health, (VT) vitality, (SF) social function, (RE) role-emotional, (MH) mental health.</p