A low-energy solar cosmic ray experiment for OGO-F

Instrumentation data for low energy solar cosmic ray measurements using OGO-F satellit

The Use of Mt. Mazama Volcanic Ash as Natural Pozzolans for Sustainable Soil and Unpaved Road Improvement

Natural pozzolans can be a replacement for portland cement in many applications. Some natural pozzolans are byproducts of industrial processes. Other natural pozzolans, such as volcanic ash, occur naturally. This study determined the suitability of Mt. Mazama volcanic ash as a natural pozzolan and explored innovative uses of the material for roadway improvement. Requirements of natural pozzolans are specified in ASTM C618 – coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete. This study concluded that volcanic ash from Mt. Mazama meets chemical requirements of a natural pozzolan. In its unprocessed, natural form, Mt. Mazama volcanic ash does not meet fineness, moisture or strength requirements as a natural pozzolan. An innovative study of the strength of mortar cubes created with increasing replacement of portland cement with Mt. Mazama volcanic ash showed that decreases in strength occur with increased percentage replacements. When the Mt. Mazama volcanic ash is crushed and passed through a No. 200 sieve, this decrease in strength is less than unprocessed material. Slurry mixes of Mt. Mazama volcanic ash, lime and portland cement applied to gravel materials bound material to a greater percentage, and reduced potentially airborne particulates to a greater degree than using portland cement slurry alone. A sustainability analysis concluded that any replacement of portland cement with volcanic ash reduces embodied energy and carbon dioxide emissions

The Use of Mt. Mazama Volcanic Ash as Natural Pozzolans for Sustainable Soil and Unpaved Road Improvement

Natural pozzolans can be a replacement for portland cement in many applications. Some natural pozzolans are byproducts of industrial processes. Other natural pozzolans, such as volcanic ash, occur naturally. This study determined the suitability of Mt. Mazama volcanic ash as a natural pozzolan and explored innovative uses of the material for roadway improvement. Requirements of natural pozzolans are specified in ASTM C618 – coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete. This study concluded that volcanic ash from Mt. Mazama meets chemical requirements of a natural pozzolan. In its unprocessed, natural form, Mt. Mazama volcanic ash does not meet fineness, moisture or strength requirements as a natural pozzolan. An innovative study of the strength of mortar cubes created with increasing replacement of portland cement with Mt. Mazama volcanic ash showed that decreases in strength occur with increased percentage replacements. When the Mt. Mazama volcanic ash is crushed and passed through a No. 200 sieve, this decrease in strength is less than unprocessed material. Slurry mixes of Mt. Mazama volcanic ash, lime and portland cement applied to gravel materials bound material to a greater percentage, and reduced potentially airborne particulates to a greater degree than using portland cement slurry alone. A sustainability analysis concluded that any replacement of portland cement with volcanic ash reduces embodied energy and carbon dioxide emissions

Exploring the relationship between schema modes, cognitive fusion and eating disorders

Aim: Schema therapy is becoming an increasingly popular psychological model for working with individuals who have a variety of mental health and personality difficulties. The aim of this review is to look at the current evidence base for schema therapy and highlight directions for further research. Method: A systematic search of the literature was conducted up until January 2011. All studies that had clinically tested the efficacy of schema therapy as described by Jeffrey Young (Young, 1994; Young et al., 2003) were considered. These studies underwent detailed quality assessments based on Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN-50) culminating in twelve studies being included in the review. Results: The culminative message (both from the popularity of this model and the medium to large effect sizes) is of a theory which has already demonstrated clinically effective outcomes in a small number of studies and which would benefit from ongoing research and development with complex client groups. Recommendations: It is imperative that psychological practice be guided by high quality research that demonstrates efficacious, evidence based interventions. It is therefore recommended that researchers and clinicians working with schema therapy seek to build on these positive outcomes and further demonstrate the clinical effectiveness of this model through ongoing research

Заключение прямых договоров с ресурсоснабжающими организациями

The subject of the paper is conclusion and execution of direct contracts between consumers and utilities providers.The main aim of the paper is to confirm or disprove the hypothesis that direct contracts between consumers and utilities providers are more convenient for utilities providers than for consumers.The methodology of the study includes general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, description) as well as particular academic legal methods (formal-legal analysis of theoretical and regulatory sources, interpretation of legal acts, judicial and arbitration practice).The main results and scope of their application. The current procedure for the provision and payment of utilities is based on the concept of "performer of utilities", which are the management organizations, homeowners' associations, housing cooperatives. The performer of utilities enters into a contract with utilities provider. These utilities are acquired by the contractor at the border of its operational responsibility (on the border of an apartment building), then this resource is already provided as a utility service to final users – tenants and owners of premises in an apartment building. Consumers pay for utility services to the contractor of utilities, and he, in turn, transfers the received payments to the utilities provider (resource supplying organization). Such a scheme of contractual relations leads to problems, including the following: the performers do not enter into contracts with the utilities providers (resource-supplying organizations), thereby trying to exclude their responsibility for the quality of services; do not pay fully or partially for the supplied utility resource. In this regard, the legislation has been amended to allow direct contracts between consumers of public services and resource organizations and, accordingly, directly pay for utilities.Conclusions. Direct contracts between consumers and utilities providers are more convenient for utilities providers than for consumers in the scope of responsibility for the poor quality of utilities.Рассматривается закрепленная в жилищном законодательстве и подтвержденная правоприменительной практикой концепция «исполнителя коммунальных услуг», допускающая возможность осуществления прямых расчетов и заключения прямых договоров потребителей коммунальных услуг с ресурсоснабжающими организациями, анализируются проблемы, связанные с введением нового порядка заключения прямых договоров с ресурсоснабжающими организациями и региональным оператором по обращению с твердыми коммунальными отходами

Observation and modeling of energetic particles at synchronous orbit on July 29, 1977

In the twelve hours following a worldwide storm, there was a series of at least four magnetospheric substorms, the last and largest of which exhibited an expansion phase onset at approximately 1200 UT. Data from six spacecraft in three general local time groupings (0300, 0700, and 1300 LT) were examined and vector magnetic field data and energetic electron and ion data from approximately 15 keV to 2 MeV were employed

Drawing as a research tool: what does it add?

Background and topic: Representing an epistemological shift within qualitative methodology (Boydell, 2012) healthcare research has increasingly employed visual methods as a means to further understand the patient’s experience of health and healthcare (Broadbent, 2009; Phillips et al, 2015). An advantage of using drawing, rather than any other form visual method, is its potential to offer a way of communicating other than speech. We discuss the use of drawing, in an exploratory, qualitative study, to enrich the narrative account during data collection using semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of palliative healthcare professionals (n=16) from one hospice in West Yorkshire, England (February-May 2016). This study aimed to utilise drawing as a tool to explore the process of drawing to help facilitate the exploration, communication and our understanding of how healthcare staff emotionally resource their roles within a Hospice setting. As such, we were not concerned with an end product, such as a representational image, that would lend itself to measurement and quantification, but the process of facilitation. Aims: To outline and debate the use of drawing, as a visual imagery method, within the research process and (ii) provide a critical reflection of the use of drawing in the research process. Methodological discussion: Discussion will focus on the (i) the practicalities of undertaking drawing during data collection using semi-structured interviews i.e. participant preparation, informed consent and dynamics (ii) participants perspectives in undertaking drawing during data collection using semi-structured interviews i.e. concern with the production of a ‘good’ picture (iii) the practicalities of undertaking data analysis. The presentation will then debate what this visual imagery method adds to: (i) data collection (ii) the the narrative account and (iii) data analysis. Conclusion: This paper will outline the use of drawing as a data collection tool alongside semi-structured interviews to enrich the narrative account