Codification as Nationalization or Denationalization of Law: The Spanish Case in Comparative Perspective

Some scholars have presented codification as a means to both nationalise and denationalise European legal traditions. This seems to be a paradox. On the one hand, the fact that laws needed to be approved by national parliaments and the ius commune - which was somehow regarded as a foreign law - ceased to be in force, gives evidence of how much codification contributed to the nationalisation of law. On the other hand, the fact that national parliaments enacted codes whose content had been highly influenced by foreign codes reveals that codification also contributed to the denationalisation of law. Different perspectives and arguments may lead to completely opposite outcomes. This debate has been particularly present in the Spanish scholarship. In the end, it seems that the view of codification as a means of denationalisation of law has prevailed, giving either a biased and partisan view of codification, or simplifying its richness. The consequences of such an approach have been notable in describing the codification of all legal branches, particularly in the civil law domain. After the Introduction (I), the paper will explore the Spanish historiography on this matter in a European context (II.1), paying particular attention to Belgium (II.2) and Romania (II.3). I will finish with some concluding considerations (III)

Social economy companies in the times of crises: Entrepreneurship and survival

Purpose: The work presented in this article is a study of the strategies carried out by social economy companies in times of crisis. This article analyses the financial characteristics of the cooperative companies created in Barcelona during the crisis period 2008-2013. This study aims to compare the financial characteristics of the cooperative companies analysed with the measures carried out to maintain their profitability in times of crisis. Design/methodology: Statistical-descriptive analysis of the means and variations of the main financial indicators that are related to the measures taken by the companies of Social Economy in times of crisis. The data used have been provided by the Generalitat de Catalunya - Departament d'Empresa i Ocupació Direcció General d'Economia Social i Cooperativa i Treball Autònom for the reference period 2008-2013. Findings: The cooperative companies created in Barcelona in the period of crisis 2008-2013 have the following features: their debt remains stable with a significant improvement in quality, and they display increases in long-term debt relative to short-term debt. Regarding collection and payment periods, there is an upward trend, but a reduction is confirmed in the last year of the sample. In that year, 2013, there is a trend change in the evolution of most of the analysed economic indicators. This change coincides with improvement in the conjuncture of the capital market and the economic environment in general. Originality/value: To determine the economic and financial characteristics of the cooperative companies created in the period of crisis 2008-2013 with the aim of guiding the social entrepreneurs of the future.Peer Reviewe

Del Fracaso recopilatorio a la pérdida definitiva del derecho foral valenciano (1707-1804)

Després de la segona recopilació del dret foral valencià (1547-1548) va haver-hi diversos intents recopilatoris fallits (1564, 1604, 1626). Aquest afany recopilatori no va desaparèixer, això no obstant, després de l'abolició dels furs (1707). El present estudi mostra precisament aquesta realitat des del 1707 fins al 1804. Amb aquest propòsit s'analitzen diverses referències i notícies deixades per alguns juristes valencians sobre la conveniència d'elaborar una recopilació amb els furs vigents des dels decrets abolicionistes (1707) fins a la publicació dels Apuntamientos para escribir la historia del derecho valenciano (1804), obra que José Villarroya va voler publicar mentre treballava en l'encàrrec que Carles IV li havia fet de recopilar aquells furs que, com que no atemptaven contra la sobirania i les regalies del monarca, podien mantenir la seva vigència.Following the second compilation of Valencias regional law, from 1547 to 1548, several failed compilation attempts were made in 1564, 1604 and 1626. Interestingly, this eagerness to produce a compilation of Valencias territorial laws did not subside after the regional charter had been abolished in 1707. This study describes the situation from 1707 to 1804 and in order to do so it analyses various references and pieces of news written by a number of Valencian lawyers on the advantages of producing a compilation of the regional laws in force from the abolitionist decrees of 1707 to Apuntamientos para escribir la historia del derecho valenciano of 1804. The author, José Villarroya, wished to publish this work whilst working on the task entrusted to him by King Charles IV, namely that of compiling the laws that did not threaten the sovereignty and regalías, or privileges, of the King and thus could remain in force.Tras la segunda recopilación del derecho foral valenciano (1547-1548) hubo varios intentos recopilatorios fallidos (1564, 1604, 1626). Ese afán recopilatorio no desapareció, sin embargo, tras la abolición de los fueros (1707). El presente estudio muestra precisamente esta realidad desde 1707 hasta 1804. Con este propósito se analizan diversas referencias y noticias dejadas por algunos juristas valencianos sobre la conveniencia de elaborar una recopilación de los fueros vigentes desde los decretos abolicionistas (1707) hasta la publicación de los Apuntamientos para escribir la historia del derecho valenciano (1804), obra que José Villarroya quiso publicar mientras trabajaba en el encargo que Carlos IV le había hecho de recopilar aquellos fueros que, no atentando contra la soberanía y las regalías del monarca, podían mantener su vigencia

The canonical contribution to the safeguard of peace in the Middle Ages: The Fourth Council of Lateran

El presente artículo analiza –como reza su propio título– la contribución canónica a la salvaguarda de la paz en la Edad Media, prestando particular atención al IV Concilio de Letrán (1215). El objetivo del Derecho medieval consistía en la promoción del orden y la paz social, pero ésta se fundaba en la justicia y la verdad. Todo atentado que revistiera un mínimo de gravedad contra estos dos pilares (justicia y verdad) era objeto de respuesta inmediata por el Derecho medieval en general, y por su ordenamiento penal en particular. Aunque ambos Derechos penales –tanto el secular como el canónico– tiraban, en buena medida, hacia la misma dirección, contando con normas jurídicas y jurisdicciones distintas, el artículo se centra en la contribución del Derecho canónico a la salvaguarda de la paz en el Medioevo.The article analyzes – as the title reads – the contribution of canon law to the safeguard of peace in the Middle Ages, paying particular attention to the IV Council of Letran (1215). The main goal of medieval law was the promotion of social order and peace, which was based on justice and truth. Any threat against these pillars – justice and truth – was responded by laws in general and by criminal laws in particular. Although both legal orders (the secular and the canon one) aimed at the promotion of peace, the present article focuses on the particular contribution of canon law to this cause.Ciencias ReligiosasDerech

New problems of the Anthropology of Religions

Analiza los nuevos problemas de investigación de la antropología de las religiones en sociedades complejas, define las características de los nuevos actores sociales y la complejidad de los nuevos contextos económicos sociales y políticos. Realiza una crítica a las teorías de la secularización y propone una estrategia desde el Sur.It analyzes the new research problems of the anthropology of religions in complex societies, defines the characteristics of the new social actors and the complexity of the new contexts. Criticizes the theories of secularization and proposes a strategy from the South

Ressenyes

Index de les obres ressenyades: Montserrat JIMÉNEZ SUREDA, Guerra Gran i organització política la monarquia dels Borbon