dsRNA molecules from the tobacco mosaic virus p126 gene counteract TMV-induced proteome changes at an early stage of infection

Exogenous application of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in the tobacco–Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) pathosystem was shown previously to induce resistance against TMV providing an alternative approach to transgenesis. In the present study, we employed proteomics technology to elucidate the effect of TMV on tobacco as well as the effect of exogenous application of TMV p126 dsRNA molecules (dsRNAp126) at an early stage of the tobacco–TMV interaction. The proteome of tobacco leaf at 15 min post inoculation (mpi) in the presence or absence of dsRNAp126 molecules was studied. Thirty-six tobacco proteins were differentially accumulated in TMV-infected vs. healthy tobacco leaf tissue. The identified main differential TMV-responsive proteins were found to be involved in photosynthesis, energy metabolism, stress, and defense responses. Most of the virus-induced changes in the tobacco leaf proteome were not observed in the leaves treated with dsRNAp126 + TMV. The results indicated that the protein changes induced by TMV infection were counteracted by the exogenous application of dsRNAp126 molecules. Moreover, using small RNA sequencing, we showed that the exogenously applied dsRNAp126 was efficiently processed in tobacco as early as 15 min post application (mpa) to produce small interfering RNAs (siRNAs); the dicing pattern was not affected by the presence of TMV. The presence of dsRNAp126 reduced TMV p126 RNA abundance suggesting virus titer reduction via a sequence-specific mechanism, since a non-homologous dsRNA did not protect from TMV infection nor affect TMV accumulation

Sequence analysis of RNA3 of Maize stripe virus associated with stripe disease of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in India

Maize stripe virus (MSpV), one of the distinct species of the genus Tenuivirus, has been associated with stripe disease of sorghum in India. In this study, we report the complete sequence analysis of ambisense RNA3 of four MSpV isolates associated with this disease, to confirm its correct identity. The RNA3 of four MSpV-Sorg isolates is 2357 nucleotides in length with two ORFs, one in virion sense (594 nucleotides, non-structural protein 3, NS3) and the other in complementary sense (951 nucleotides, coat protein, CP). The intergenic region between these two ORFs is 653 nucleotides in length, which is rich in U and A residues. The deduced molecular weights of NS3 and CP are ≈22 and ≈34 kDa, respectively. RNA3 has ≈82% sequence identity at nucleotide level with RNA3 of MSpV infecting maize in Florida, USA and Reunion. NS3 and CP ORFs shared ≈94% and ≈95% identities at amino acid levels, respectively with MSpV isolates of maize from Florida and Reunion. The internal non-coding region between two ORFs has 67–68% identity at nucleotide level with the reported MSpV isolates from Florida and Reunion. The sequence identity was more than ≈98% among the four isolates of MSpV-Sorg. Compared to maize-infecting MSpV isolates in USA and Reunion, the sorghum-infecting MSpV isolates in India had more amino acid substitutions in both NS3 and CP. This is the first report of complete sequence analysis of MSpV RNA3 from Asia

Risk Factors of Recurrent Falls Among Older Adults Admitted to the Trauma Surgery Department.

Falls affect more than 29 million American adults ages ≥65 years annually. Many older adults experience recurrent falls requiring medical attention. These recurrent falls may be prevented through screening and intervention. In 2014 to 2015, records for 199 older adult patients admitted from a major urban teaching hospital’s emergency department were queried. Open-ended variables from clinicians’ notes were coded to supplement existing closed-ended variables. Of the 199 patients, 52 (26.1%) experienced one or more recurrent falls within 365 days after their initial fall. Half (50.0%) of all recurrent falls occurred within the first 90 days following discharge. A large proportion of recurrent falls among older adults appear to occur within a few months and are statistically related to identifiable risk factors. Prevention and intervention strategies, delivered either during treatment for an initial fall or upon discharge from an inpatient admission, may reduce the incidence of recurrent falls among this population

Electrically Addressable Hybrid Architectures of Zinc Oxide Nanowires Grown on Aligned Carbon Nanotubes

The fabrication and characterization of hybrid architectures of ZnO nanowires (ZNWs) grown on organized carbon nanotubes (CNTs), by a two-step chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process involving CNT growth from a hydrocarbon source followed by ZNW growth using a Zn metal source, is reported. The ZNWs grow uniformly and radially from individual CNTs and CNT bundles, and the aligned morphology of the CNTs is not disturbed by the ZNW growth process. The nucleation and growth of ZnO crystals on CNTs are analyzed in relation to the classical vapor–solid mechanism. Importantly, the CNTs make uniform and distributed electrical contact to the ZNWs, with up to a 1000-fold yield advantage over conventional ZNW growth on a flat substrate. Hybrid ZNW/CNT sheets are fabricated by scalable CVD, rolling, and printing methods; and their electrical properties, which are governed by transport through the anisotropic CNT network, are characterized. Functional interaction between the ZNWs and CNTs is demonstrated by photoconductive behavior and photocurrent generation of the hybrid material under UV illumination. There is significant future opportunity to extend these processing methods to fabricate other functional oxides on CNTs, and to build devices that harness the attractive properties of ZNWs and CNTs with high volumetric efficiency over large areas.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/77980/1/2470_ftp.pd

RNAscope images for Adcy1 (green) and Gpc5 (red) genes for five validation samples (3 Flight, 2 Ground Control).

RNAscope image for Adcy1 (green) and Gpc5 (red) genes for five validation samples (3 Flight, 2 Ground Control).File name for each image starts with the sample ID: FL1, FL3, FL5, GC3, and GC9.FL refers to Flight and GC refers to Ground Control.</p

Human-Prenatal-Cardiomyocytes

Background data file for ST maps cardiac dataTHIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

ISS images in &quot;Dual spatially resolved transcriptomics for human host-pathogen colocalization studies in FFPE tissue sections.&quot;

Images from the validation of spatial detection of SARS-CoV-2 with in-situ sequencing (ISS).THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV