Effects of androgen administration on Female-to-Male transgender/transsexual individuals

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : (主査)東京大学教授 長谷川 壽一, 東京大学教授 丹野 義彦, 東京大学教授 石垣 琢磨, 東京大学教授 中澤 公孝, 早稲田大学教授 内田 直University of Tokyo(東京大学

Electrochemical C(sp³)−H Functionalization Using Acetic Acid as a Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reagent

Morii Y., Watanabe T., Saga Y., et al. Electrochemical C(sp³)−H Functionalization Using Acetic Acid as a Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reagent. ChemElectroChem 11, e202400061 (2024); https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.202400061.In this study, we developed a novel electrochemical protocol that enables the functionalization of inherently inert C(sp³)−H bonds. In this protocol, one-electron oxidation of acetic acid was used to successfully generate methyl radical, which cleaves the benzylic C(sp³)−H bonds of the substrates via a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process, and further reaction with the formed species yields the targeted C(sp³)−H functionalized products. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of the use of acetic acid in a HAT process. Notably the reaction has environment-friendly and fine atom economy nature: the reaction is driven by the electrochemical conditions in the absence of expensive or hazardous reagents, producing only gaseous small molecules, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane, as side products

Electrochemical Tryptophan-Selective Bioconjugation

Bioconjugation reactions are a fundamental synthetic method for generating artificial peptides and proteins. Despite the potentially superior properties of bioconjugates at hydrophobic amino acid residues compared with those at hydrophilic amino acids, methods to target hydrophobic amino acids with moderate reactivity under mild and metal-free conditions are limited. Here we report the first electrochemically-promoted tryptophan (Trp)-selective bioconjugation of peptides and proteins in neutral aqueous media. The unique electrochemical cooperation of two radicals, keto-ABNO and 4-oxo-TEMPO, was critical to suppress both anodic overoxidation of the products and cross reactivity. Systematic cyclic voltammetry analysis suggested that these two radicals, containing similar redox potentials but contrasting steric demands, had distinct electrochemical roles (reactant and electrochemical mediator). This new protocol will be an important advance toward clean and scalable syntheses of chemically modified biologics.</p

Near-IR Light-Induced Electron Transfer via Dynamic Quenching

The utilization of near-infrared light is an important objective for the high-efficiency utilization of solar energy. Here, we describe a new class of a near-infrared light-induced electron transfer system using a distorted phthalocyanine as a photosensitizer. We revealed that the appropriate modification of distorted phthalocyanine affords a near-infrared absorbing dye with high photostability and long excitation lifetime, and a near-infrared light-induced electron transfer system was successfully established using the dye. The mechanistic investigation clarified that the electron transfer system works via a dynamic quenching mechanism. The system generated a long-lived anion radical species of the dye upon near-infrared light irradiation (>750 nm)

Syntheses and properties of phosphine-substituted ruthenium(II) polypyridine complexes with nitrogen oxides.

Four novel phosphine-substituted ruthenium(ii) polypyridine complexes with nitrogen oxides-trans(P,NO2)-[Ru(trpy)(Pqn)(NO2)]PF6 (trans-NO2), cis(P,NO2)-[Ru(trpy)(Pqn)(NO2)]PF6 (cis-NO2), [Ru(trpy)(dppbz)(NO2)]PF6 (PP-NO2), and cis(P,NO)-[Ru(trpy)(Pqn)(NO)](PF6)3 (cis-NO)-were synthesised (trpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine, Pqn = 8-(diphenylphosphanyl)quinoline, and dppbz = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)benzene). The influence of the number and position of the phosphine group(s) on the electronic structure of these complexes was investigated using single-crystal X-ray structural analysis, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, and electrochemical measurements. The substitution lability of the nitrogen oxide ligand of each complex is discussed in comparison with that of the corresponding acetonitrile complexes

Near-IR Light-Induced Electron Transfer via Dynamic Quenching

The utilization of near-infrared light is an important objective for the high-efficiency utilization of solar energy. Here, we describe a new class of a near-infrared light-induced electron transfer system using a distorted phthalocyanine as a photosensitizer. We revealed that the appropriate modification of distorted phthalocyanine affords a near-infrared absorbing dye with high photostability and long excitation lifetime, and a near-infrared light-induced electron transfer system was successfully established using the dye. The mechanistic investigation clarified that the electron transfer system works via a dynamic quenching mechanism. The system generated a long-lived anion radical species of the dye upon near-infrared light irradiation (>750 nm)

Near-IR Light-Induced Electron Transfer via Dynamic Quenching

The utilization of near-infrared light is an important objective for the high-efficiency utilization of solar energy. Here, we describe a new class of a near-infrared light-induced electron transfer system using a distorted phthalocyanine as a photosensitizer. We revealed that the appropriate modification of distorted phthalocyanine affords a near-infrared absorbing dye with high photostability and long excitation lifetime, and a near-infrared light-induced electron transfer system was successfully established using the dye. The mechanistic investigation clarified that the electron transfer system works via a dynamic quenching mechanism. The system generated a long-lived anion radical species of the dye upon near-infrared light irradiation (>750 nm)

Near-IR Light-Induced Electron Transfer via Dynamic Quenching

The utilization of near-infrared light is an important objective for the high-efficiency utilization of solar energy. Here, we describe a new class of a near-infrared light-induced electron transfer system using a distorted phthalocyanine as a photosensitizer. We revealed that the appropriate modification of distorted phthalocyanine affords a near-infrared absorbing dye with high photostability and long excitation lifetime, and a near-infrared light-induced electron transfer system was successfully established using the dye. The mechanistic investigation clarified that the electron transfer system works via a dynamic quenching mechanism. The system generated a long-lived anion radical species of the dye upon near-infrared light irradiation (>750 nm)

Near-IR Light-Induced Electron Transfer via Dynamic Quenching

The utilization of near-infrared light is an important objective for the high-efficiency utilization of solar energy. Here, we describe a new class of a near-infrared light-induced electron transfer system using a distorted phthalocyanine as a photosensitizer. We revealed that the appropriate modification of distorted phthalocyanine affords a near-infrared absorbing dye with high photostability and long excitation lifetime, and a near-infrared light-induced electron transfer system was successfully established using the dye. The mechanistic investigation clarified that the electron transfer system works via a dynamic quenching mechanism. The system generated a long-lived anion radical species of the dye upon near-infrared light irradiation (>750 nm)

Precise manipulation of electron transfers in clustered five redox sites

Electron transfers in multinuclear metal complexes are the origin of their unique functionalities both in natural and artificial systems. However, electron transfers in multinuclear metal complexes are generally complicated, and predicting and controlling these electron transfers is extremely difficult. Herein, we report the precise manipulation of the electron transfers in multinuclear metal complexes. The development of a rational synthetic strategy afforded a series of pentanuclear metal complexes composed of metal ions and 3,5-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazole (Hbpp) as a platform to probe the phenomena. Electrochemical and spectroscopic investigations clarified the overall picture of the electron transfers in the pentanuclear complexes. In addition, unique electron transfer behaviours, in which the reduction of a metal centre occurs during the oxidation of the overall complex (reduction-upon-oxidation process), were discovered. We also elucidated the two dominant factors that determine the manner of the electron transfers. Our results provide comprehensive guidelines for interpreting the complicated electron transfers in multinuclear metal complexes