Impact of Media Planning Application in Crisis Management: A Case Study of Jordanian Civil Defense General Directorate

This study aimed to analyze the impact of media planning application in crisis management: A case study of Jordanian Civil Defense General Directorate. To achieve study objectives the researcher was designed a questionnaire content (40) items, and (32) items were allocated on (4) dimensions of media planning and (8) were allocated to measure the crises management variables in addition to test the tool sincerity and its reliability. After that the study was applied to a sample of (89) chosen as random participants using stratified random sample method among the Jordanian Civil Defense General Directorate employees. The study had reached to the following results: a. The evaluation of Jordanian Civil Defense General Directorate employees for impact of media planning in crisis management dimensions represented by (role of media, media coordination, media plans, and the media) application was (positive) and this means that their evaluation of the impact of media planning in crisis management dimensions application was between (medium and high). b. There exist statistically significant impact at the significance level (α = 0.05) for application of media planning dimensions represented by (media role, media coordination, media plans, and the media) on the crisis management in the Civil Defense General Directorate. And it was the (media plans) dimension is the most influential on the crisis management in the Directorate General of Jordanian Civil Defense. Keywords: Media planning, Media coordination, Crisis management, Directorate General of Jordanian Civil Defense

Identification, Characterization and Antibiotic Resistance of Bacterial Isolates Obtained from Waterpipe Device Hoses

The general lack of knowledge about the health effects of waterpipe smoking is among the reasons for its global spread. In this study, bacterial contamination of waterpipe hoses was investigated. Twenty hoses were collected from waterpipe cafés and screened for bacterial pathogens using standard culture and isolation techniques. Additionally, resistance of isolated bacteria to common antibiotics was determined by identifying the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each isolate. Forty eight bacterial isolates were detected. Isolates included both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens from species that included Micrococcus (12), Corynebacterium (13) and Bacillus (9). In addition, some of the detected pathogens were found to be resistant to aztreonam (79%), cefixime (79%), norfloxacin, amoxicillin (47%), clarithromycin (46%) and enrofloxacin (38%). In conclusion, the hose of the waterpipe device is a good environment for the growth of bacterial pathogens, which can then be transmitted to users

Studies on the effects of sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics on the virulence factors of biofilm bacteria

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Isolation, identification, characterization and antibiotic sensitivity profile of pathogenic Legionella pneumophila isolates from different water sources

Objective: To investigate the prevalence, isolation, identification, characterization, antibiotic profile and pathogenicity of Legionellae isolated from various set of waters. Methods: A total of 400 water samples were collected from different water sources. Water samples were pretreated using acid treatment followed by concentration and culture on buffered charcoal yeast extract agar. Parameters like ability of Legionella isolates to grow in various pH range, effect of different concentrations of chlorine and effect of different temperature optima were set up. Biochemical tests were performed to separate Legionellae into species. Antibiotic sensitivity tests and test for pathogenicity were also conducted on isolated strains. Results: The rates of isolation of Legionella pneumophila (L. pneumophila) in different water sources were found to be 20% (lakes), 10% (ponds), 8% (water-tanks) and 1% (rivers). Most of the isolates could grow in variable pH 6–8 and it could also survive the normal level of chlorination and even at temperature of 42 °C. Isolated species of Legionellae resulted in identification of 5 different species, L. pneumophila being the dominant one. Strains of L. pneumophila were resistant to many antibiotics. Inoculation of Legionellae into intracerebral route of suckling mice revealed that L. pneumophila was the most virulent. Conclusions: Serious and fatal L. pneumophila infections may be transmitted through water. Legionella can survive under various conditions in various water sources. L. pneumophila is the important pathogen causing human disease. Great challenge prevails to health care professionals because these Legionellae acquired antibiotic resistance to many routinely prescribed antibiotics

Antibacterial activity of statins: a comparative study of Atorvastatin, Simvastatin, and Rosuvastatin

Abstract Background Statins have several effects beyond their well-known antihyperlipidemic activity, which include immunomodulatory, antioxidative and anticoagulant effects. In this study, we have tested the possible antimicrobial activity of statins against a range of standard bacterial strains and bacterial clinical isolates. Methods Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values were evaluated and compared among three members of the statins drug (atorvastatin, simvastatin, and rosuvastatin). Results It was revealed that statins are able to induce variable degrees of antibacterial activity with atorvastatin, and simvastatin being the more potent than rosuvastatin. Methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-susceptible enterococci (VSE), vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE), acinetobacter baumannii, staphylococcus epidermidis, and enterobacter aerogenes, were more sensitive to both atorvastatin, and simvastatin compared to rosuvastatin. On the other hand, escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, and enterobacter cloacae were more sensitive to atorvastatin compared to both simvastatin and rosuvastatin. Furthermore, most clinical isolates were less sensitive to statins compared to their corresponding standard strains. Conclusion Our findings might raise the possibility of a potentially important antibacterial class effect for statins especially, atorvastatin and simvastatin.</p

In Vitro Comparison of Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Selected Fluoroquinolones against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>

An in vitro overview of the inhibitory effects of selected fluoroquinolones against planktonic and biofilm cells of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain American type culture collection (ATCC) 43300 and the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain ATCC 27853 was carried out. Biofilm cells of both strains were less susceptible to the selected antibiotics than their planktonic counterparts. In addition, certain antibiotics were more effective against biofilm cells, while others performed better on the planktonic cells. Against P. aeruginosa, ciprofloxacin was the most potent on both planktonic and biofilm cells, whereas ofloxacin was the least potent on both biofilm and planktonic cells. Moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin were the most potent against both planktonic and biofilm MRSA bacteria, however, not in the same order of activity. Norfloxacin was the least active when tested against both planktonic and biofilm cells. The results of this work are expected to provide insight into the efficacy of various fluoroquinolones against MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. This study could form the basis for future clinical studies that could recommend special guidelines for the management of infections that are likely to involve bacteria in their biofilm state

Pharmaco-epigenetics: Histone modification and personalized medicine

Epigenetic changes have a major effect in both normal and disease cases of organism. Multiple types of epigenetic changes as acetylation, methylation on either DNA or histone proteins, phosphorylation, or ubiquitination. Epigenetic changes are associated with multiple diseases; one of the major diseases that bind with epigenetic changes is cancer. However, DNA methylation is one of the most important epigenetic changes that leads to disease such as cancer. Moreover, patients respond differently to drugs due to different genetic makeup or what called molecular changes in their cells. Both genetic and epigenetic are important to determine the personalized medicine “precise medicine”. This review will discuss the epigenetic changes in our body and how it’s affected personalized medicine for each person