The First Amendment and Sexual Harassment at School and at Work

The Edith House Lecture was held on November 2, 1995 at 3:30 p.m. in the law school auditorium

Women, Morality, and Sexual Orientation

In this Article, Professor Becker argues that heterosexual relationships are more problematic for women than lesbian relationships, particularly when such relationships are viewed in terms of their tendency to objectify the other. She discusses how current moral norms concerning the inferiority of homosexuality to heterosexuality enable men to use women in immoral and subordinating ways. She explores moral taboos against lesbian relationships and asserts that these taboos facilitate heterosexual male exploitation of women\u27s sexuality by obscuring from some women the possibility that they might prefer more equitable relationships with women rather than with men. She argues for greater acceptance of lesbian relationships because it will allow women to choose between heterosexual and same-sex relationships and will force men to commit to moral heterosexual relationships. She concludes by examining bans on lesbian marriages. She asserts that these bans not only discriminate between men and women on a formal level but also discriminate substantively by facilitating the ability of men to exploit women\u27s sexuality as well as their emotional, domestic, and reproductive labor

The influence of estrogen on nigrostriatal dopamine activity : Behavioral and neurochemical evidence for both pre- and postsynaptic components

The results of 3 experiments examining the influence of estrogen on the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) system are reported. In two experiments the influence of hormonal manipulations on amphetamine (AMPH)-induced rotational behavior was investigated using rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the substantia nigra. It was found that: (1) female rats in estrus make more rotations than ovariectomized (OVX) rats; and (2) estrogen treatment (5 [mu]g estradiol benzoate, daily for 4 days) in OVX rats enhances AMPH-induced rotational behavior 4 h and 4 days after estrogen treatment. During the intervening period, at 24 h after cessation of estrogen treatment, control and hormone-treated animals did not differ. In a third experiment, the effect of estrogen treatment on the release of endogenous DA from striatal tissue slices in superfusion was examined. Estrogen enhanced AMPH-stimulated striatal DA release 4 h after the last treatment relative to OVX controls. However, 24 h and 4 days after estrogen treatment DA release had returned to control levels. It is suggested that estrogen has an immediate potentiating effect on striatal DA release, and this may be responsible for the increased behavioral response to AMPH 4 h after estrogen treatment. The previously demonstrated increase in postsynaptic striatal DA receptors may be responsible for the second increase in AMPH-induced rotational behavior, that occurs 4 days after estrogen treatment.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/26324/1/0000411.pd