Trabajo, migraciones y riesgo hídrico : Semejanzas y diferencias en los modos de pensar, sentir y actuar en contextos de pobreza urbana

La presente ponencia pretende adentrarse en el conocimiento de las trayectorias de vulnerabilidad que se despliegan en ámbitos de la vida cotidiana de sujetos que tienen restringido el acceso a sus derechos y limitadas sus posibilidades. A sabiendas que se trata de situaciones caracterizadas por su heterogeneidad y multidimensionalidad, intentaremos igualmente introducirnos, en los modos en que los sujetos piensan, sienten y actúan sus condiciones de vida, desde una mirada centrada en identificar rupturas y continuidades en los procesos de configuración territoriales. El presente estudio compara dos barrios de la ciudad de Santa Fe, indagando la situación de hogares con larga trayectoria de vida en la pobreza, los que han registrado un empeoramiento en sus condiciones de vida, vinculado a las consecuencias producidas por las políticas socioeconómicas de las últimas décadas. Es el resultado de dos proyectos de investigación y extensión de cátedra, (Año 2007, 2008, 2009). Siendo el primero de carácter sociodemográfico, nos habilitó un basamento cuantitativo, para luego diagramar una proyección de corte cualitativo, cuya riqueza es valorada en términos de percepciones, creencias y representaciones de los sujetos – objetos de la presente investigación. Las fuentes de datos utilizadas (encuestas, registro etnográfico, entrevistas e historias de vida), fueron interpretados desde el corpus teórico seleccionado por el equipo de investigación desde diferentes enfoques epistémicos.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

The impact of multisensory integration and perceptual load in virtual reality settings on performance, workload and presence

Real-world experience is typically multimodal. Evidence indicates that the facilitation in the detection of multisensory stimuli is modulated by the perceptual load, the amount of information involved in the processing of the stimuli. Here, we used a realistic virtual reality environment while concomitantly acquiring Electroencephalography (EEG) and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) to investigate how multisensory signals impact target detection in two conditions, high and low perceptual load. Different multimodal stimuli (auditory and vibrotactile) were presented, alone or in combination with the visual target. Results showed that only in the high load condition, multisensory stimuli significantly improve performance, compared to visual stimulation alone. Multisensory stimulation also decreases the EEG-based workload. Instead, the perceived workload, according to the "NASA Task Load Index" questionnaire, was reduced only by the trimodal condition (i.e., visual, auditory, tactile). This trimodal stimulation was more effective in enhancing the sense of presence, that is the feeling of being in the virtual environment, compared to the bimodal or unimodal stimulation. Also, we show that in the high load task, the GSR components are higher compared to the low load condition. Finally, the multimodal stimulation (Visual-Audio-Tactile-VAT and Visual-Audio-VA) induced a significant decrease in latency, and a significant increase in the amplitude of the P300 potentials with respect to the unimodal (visual) and visual and tactile bimodal stimulation, suggesting a faster and more effective processing and detection of stimuli if auditory stimulation is included. Overall, these findings provide insights into the relationship between multisensory integration and human behavior and cognition

How neurophysiological measures can be used to enhance the evaluation of remote tower solutions

International audienceNew solutions in operational environments are often, among objective measurements, evaluated by using subjective assessment and judgement from experts. Anyhow, it has been demonstrated that subjective measures suffer from poor resolution due to a high intra and inter operator variability. Also, performance measures, if available, could provide just partial information, since an operator could achieve the same performance but experiencing a different workload. In this study we aimed to demonstrate i) the higher resolution of neurophysiological measures in comparison to subjective ones, and ii) how the simultaneous employment of neurophysiological measures and behavioural ones could allow a holistic assessment of operational tools. In this regard, we tested the effectiveness of an EEG-based neurophysiological index (WEEG index) in comparing two different solutions (i.e. Normal and Augmented) in terms of experienced workload. In this regard, 16 professional Air Traffic Controllers (ATCOs) have been asked to perform two operational scenarios. Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) has also been recorded to evaluate the level of arousal (i.e. operator involvement) during the two scenarios execution. NASA-TLX questionnaire has been used to evaluate the perceived workload, and an expert was asked to assess performance achieved by the ATCOs. Finally, reaction times on specific operational events relevant for the assessment of the two solutions, have also been collected. Results highlighted that the Augmented solution induced a local increase in subjects performance (Reaction times). At the same time, this solution induced an increase in the workload experienced by the participants (WEEG). Anyhow, this increase is still acceptable, since it did not negatively impact the performance and has to be intended only as a consequence of the higher engagement of the ATCOs. This behavioural effect is totally in line with physiological results obtained in terms of arousal (GSR), that increased during the scenario with augmentation. Subjective measures (NASA-TLX) did not highlight any significant variation in perceived workload. These results suggest that neurophysiological measure provide additional information than behavioural and subjective ones, even at a level of few seconds, and its employment during the pre-operational activities (e.g. design process) could allow a more holistic and accurate evaluation of new solutions

25th annual computational neuroscience meeting: CNS-2016

The same neuron may play different functional roles in the neural circuits to which it belongs. For example, neurons in the Tritonia pedal ganglia may participate in variable phases of the swim motor rhythms [1]. While such neuronal functional variability is likely to play a major role the delivery of the functionality of neural systems, it is difficult to study it in most nervous systems. We work on the pyloric rhythm network of the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion (STG) [2]. Typically network models of the STG treat neurons of the same functional type as a single model neuron (e.g. PD neurons), assuming the same conductance parameters for these neurons and implying their synchronous firing [3, 4]. However, simultaneous recording of PD neurons shows differences between the timings of spikes of these neurons. This may indicate functional variability of these neurons. Here we modelled separately the two PD neurons of the STG in a multi-neuron model of the pyloric network. Our neuron models comply with known correlations between conductance parameters of ionic currents. Our results reproduce the experimental finding of increasing spike time distance between spikes originating from the two model PD neurons during their synchronised burst phase. The PD neuron with the larger calcium conductance generates its spikes before the other PD neuron. Larger potassium conductance values in the follower neuron imply longer delays between spikes, see Fig. 17.Neuromodulators change the conductance parameters of neurons and maintain the ratios of these parameters [5]. Our results show that such changes may shift the individual contribution of two PD neurons to the PD-phase of the pyloric rhythm altering their functionality within this rhythm. Our work paves the way towards an accessible experimental and computational framework for the analysis of the mechanisms and impact of functional variability of neurons within the neural circuits to which they belong

Perspectiva interdisciplinaria en extensión. Un desafío para la construcción de ciudadanía

Pretendemos aportar al debate acerca de cómo la relación dialéctica disciplina–interdisciplina interviene en la construcción participativa de lo público, transformándose ésta de aparente debilidad en su principal riqueza.A partir de la demanda de la vecinal de un barrio del borde noroeste de la ciudad de Santa Fe en cuanto a construir una caracterización de su población que permita diseñar, participativamente, políticas institucionales transformadoras, se desencadenó un Proyecto de Extensión de la Cátedra Metodología I, carrera de Licenciatura en Sociología y Ciencias Políticas, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, en conjunto con la carrera de Licenciatura en Trabajo Social, Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, ambas pertenecientes a la Universidad Nacional del Litoral

Perspectiva interdisciplinaria en extensión.: Un desafío para la construcción de ciudadanía

Pretendemos aportar al debate acerca de cómo la relación dialéctica disciplina–interdisciplina interviene en la construcción participativa de lo público, transformándose ésta de aparente debilidad en su principal riqueza. A partir de la demanda de la vecinal de un barrio del borde noroeste de la ciudad de Santa Fe en cuanto a construir una caracterización de su población que permita diseñar, participativamente, políticas institucionales transformadoras, se desencadenó un Proyecto de Extensión de la Cátedra Metodología I, carrera de Licenciatura en Sociología y Ciencias Políticas, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, en conjunto con la carrera de Licenciatura en Trabajo Social, Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, ambas pertenecientes a la Universidad Nacional del Litoral

Trabajo, migraciones y riesgo hídrico. Semejanzas y diferencias en los modos de pensar, sentir y actuar en contextos de pobreza urbana

Fil: Marelli, María Laura. Escuela de Servicio Social de Santa Fe.Fil: Marucci, Viviana. Escuela de Servicio Social de Santa Fe.Fil: Morello, Sara Ester. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias. U.N.L.

Rewiring the evolution of the human hand: How the embodiment of a virtual bionic tool improves behavior

Summary: Humans are the most versatile tool users among animals. Accordingly, our manual skills evolved alongside the shape of the hand. In the future, further evolution may take place: humans may merge with their tools, and technology may integrate into our biology in a way that blurs the line between the two. So, the question is whether humans can embody a bionic tool (i.e., experience it as part of their body) and thus if this would affect behavior. We investigated in virtual reality how the substitution of the hand with a virtual grafting of an end-effector, either non-naturalistic (a bionic tool) or naturalistic (a hand), impacts embodiment and behavior. Across four experiments, we show that the virtual grafting of a bionic tool elicits a sense of embodiment similar to or even stronger than its natural counterpart. In conclusion, the natural usage of bionic tools can rewire the evolution of human behavior