Inequality for wage earners and self-employed : evidence from panel data

In this paper we study the evolution of income inequality for employees and self-employed workers. We highlight the importance of separately analyze these different sources of income to gain a broader understanding of inequality. Using Spanish panel data on income and consumption from the ECPF for the period 1987-96, we decompose income shocks into a permanent and a transitory component. We find that there are noticeable differences in the evolution of income inequality, as well as in the relative importance of the permanent and transitory components across these groups. Our results points that the evolution of inequality can be basically explained by movements in the transitory component of income for the self-employed, while for the employees it is mainly driven by the permanent component, specially at the end of the period. Given these disparities, it seems that these two sources of income should be studied separately and that different policies are suitable for each group.

Using Wikipedia as a classroom tool — a translation experience

[EN] This paper presents a classroom experience regarding the use of Wikipedia in a teaching innovation project carried out between Jaume I University and Wikimedia Spain. Framed in the current post-postivist climate within the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), Wikipedia will be presented as an inter-disciplinary tool with a relevant number of classroom applications, reflecting how meaningful learning experiences based on collaborative work and authentic project-based tasks lead to better understanding and higher levels of motivation among the students. In the particular case of translation education, it will be argued that using Wikipedia in the course of the reverse translation modules allows the students to gain a deeper insight of its linguistic and discursive structures, as well as the critical/exegetic skills they need in order to assess the kind of texts with which they are commissioned, and the special discursive techniques associated to the translation task.http://ocs.editorial.upv.es/index.php/HEAD/HEAD18Martinez Carrasco, R. (2018). Using Wikipedia as a classroom tool — a translation experience. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 909-916. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAD18.2018.8112OCS90991

El consentimiento informado en la comunicación médico-paciente: análisis crítico del marco legislativo

Abstract The paradigm shift in doctor-patient communication patterns that has taken place in recent decades has led to more engaging and empowering communicative models that highlight the importance of clinical communication. In this context, informed consent (IC) plays a fundamental role as it helps democratize clinical communication and ensures the patient’s autonomy and right to information. This article examines the communicative process associated with IC by means of a critical analysis of the Spanish legislative framework, both at national and regional level, to determine to what extent current legal provisions regulate the complex communication process involved in giving consent. Based on a corpus of all Spanish legal provisions regulating patient autonomy and the rights and obligations of patients regarding clinical information and documentation, this article analyzes IC as an act of communication on the one hand, and as a document proving the patient's consent on the other. The results indicate that, although they are complementary processes, Spanish legislation devotes more attention to IC as a communicative process than to the document itself, thus failing to address fundamental aspects related to its content and form. It is also observed that the patient's voice tends to be somewhat neglected (consultation of doubts, expression of concerns, etc.). Together with the challenge posed by the need for adequacy and personalization of the information, the legibility and comprehensibility of the IC forms   as well as aspects related to its delivery protocol, this casts some doubt on the efficacy of IC as a tool for clinical communication. Resumen El cambio de paradigma en los patrones de comunicación médico-paciente que se ha producido en las últimas décadas ha dado paso a un modelo más dialéctico y participativo que no ha hecho sino poner de relieve la importancia de la comunicación clínica durante el proceso asistencial. En este contexto, el consentimiento informado (CI), objeto de estudio del presente trabajo, desempeña un papel fundamental en tanto que elemento democratizador de la comunicación clínica y garante del principio de autonomía y derecho a la información del paciente. El artículo que presentamos profundiza en el acto comunicativo que subyace al otorgamiento del CI mediante un análisis crítico del marco legislativo español, tanto estatal como autonómico, para determinar hasta qué punto las disposiciones legales actuales regulan el acto complejo de comunicación que supone el otorgamiento de consentimiento. Partiendo de un corpus formado por todas aquellas disposiciones legales que regulan la autonomía y los derechos y obligaciones del paciente en materia de información y documentación clínica, el artículo analiza el CI en tanto que acto de comunicación prolongado en el tiempo y documento que materializa el consentimiento del paciente. Los resultados indican que, pese a tratarse de procesos complementarios, la legislación dedica más atención al proceso comunicativo que al producto, pues deja sin regular aspectos fundamentales relacionados con el contenido y la forma del mismo. Se observa, además, que se da poco espacio a la voz del paciente (consulta de dudas, expresión de inquietudes, preocupaciones, etc.) lo que, unido al desafío que supone la adecuación y personalización de la información, la legibilidad y comprensibilidad del documento CI (DCI) e incluso aspectos relacionados con el protocolo de entrega del mismo, arrojan ciertas dudas sobre la eficacia del CI en su vertiente comunicativa.   &nbsp

Uncovering human transcription factor interactions associated with genetic variants, novel DNA motifs, and repetitive elements using enhanced yeast one-hybrid assays

Identifying transcription factor (TF) binding to noncoding variants, uncharacterized DNA motifs, and repetitive genomic elements has been difficult due to technical and computational challenges. Indeed, current experimental methods such as chromatin immunoprecipitation are capable of only testing one TF at a time and motif prediction algorithms often lead to false positive and false negative predictions. Here, we address these limitations by developing two approaches based on enhanced yeast one-hybrid assays. The first approach allows to interrogate the binding of >1,000 human TFs to single nucleotide variant alleles, short insertions and deletions (indels), and novel DNA motifs; while the second approach allows for the identification of TFs that bind to repetitive DNA elements. Using the former approach, we identified gain of TF interactions to a GG→AA mutation in the TERT promoter and an 18 bp indel in the TAL1 super-enhancer, both of which are associated with cancer, and identified the TFs that bind to three uncharacterized DNA motifs identified by the ENCODE Project in footprinting assays. Using the latter approach, we detected the binding of 75 TFs to the highly repetitive Alu elements. We anticipate that these approaches will expand our capabilities to study genetic variation and under-characterized genomic regions.https://doi.org/10.1101/459305First author draf

Evaluacion de la produccion y calidad de rucula (Eruca sativa Mill.) cultivada en mesa con sustrato y sistema flotante.

50 p.El estudio tuvo por objetivo evaluar la producción y calidad de rúcula (Eruca sativa Mill.), cultivada desde siembra a cosecha en invernadero no calefaccionado, en los sistemas hidropónicos mesa con sustrato y sistema flotante. Se realizaron dos ensayos, en los cuales se evaluaron los métodos de cultivo mesa con sustrato y sistema flotante con dos densidades de siembra (416 y 208 plantas/m2), el primer ensayo de otoño entre Abril y Julio de 2006 y el segundo ensayo de primavera entre Septiembre y Noviembre de 2006. Los tratamientos se establecieron empleando un diseño completamente al azar con 4 repeticiones. La unidad experimental correspondió a una superficie de cultivo de 0,25 m*. Se midieron número de hojas cosechadas (hojas/m2), peso fresco de hojas (g), largo de hojas (cm), materia seca (%) y rendimiento (g/m2). En el ensayo 1, siembra otoñal, los mejores resultados de rendimiento se obtuvieron en el sistema flotante (832,6 g/m2) sembrado a alta densidad, en comparación al sistema en mesa rellena con sustrato, en donde se obtuvo un rendimiento inferior (190,7 g/m2) al igual que en el ensayo 2 (siembra primaveral), en donde los mayores rendimientos también se obtuvieron en el sistema hidropónico flotante (3824 glm2) con respecto a la mesa rellena con sustrato (362,2 g/m2). Bajo las condiciones de cultivo de este estudio los resultados demostraron que es posible realizar el cultivo de rúcula (Eruca sativa Mill.) desde siembra a cosecha, con los sistemas hidropónicos mesa rellena con sustrato y sistema flotante, aunque se sugiere el sistema hidropónico flotante con una densidad de siembra de 416 plantas/m2, considerando los resultados de las variables de rendimiento, número de hojas cosechadas y materia seca de hojas

Inclusive Nucleon Emission Induced by Quasi--Elastic Neutrino--Nucleus Interactions

We study the quasi--elastic contribution to the inclusive $(\nu_l,\nu_l N)$, $(\nu_l,l^- N)$, $({\bar \nu}_l,{\bar \nu}_l N)$ and $({\bar \nu}_l,l^+ N)$ reactions in nuclei using a Monte Carlo simulation method to account for the rescattering of the outgoing nucleon. As input, we take the reaction probability from the microscopical many body framework developed in Phys. Rev. {\bf C70} (2004) 055503 for charged-current induced reactions, while for neutral currents we use results from a natural extension of the model described in that reference. The nucleon emission process studied here is a clear signal for neutral--current neutrino driven reactions, that can be used in the analysis of future neutrino experiments.Comment: 23 pages, 17 figures; Version 2: few typos correcte

Paratuberculosis at European scale: an overview from 2010 to 2017

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiological agent of paratuberculosis (PTB), a disease affecting domestic and wild ruminants. MAP may also play a zoonotic role in Crohn's disease. Although both governments and industries are carrying out programmes to prevent and control the infection, there is a lack of harmonization across Europe. Moreover, the success of these programmes is influenced by the current lack of sensitivity of the diagnostic tests used. For these reasons, it is complex to evaluate the overall epidemiological situation of this disease. This study describes the European distribution of PTB from 2010 to 2017 using the information reported by Member Countries to the OIE. Countries were classified in three categories ('Absent', 'Epizootic', 'Enzootic') depending on the disease epidemiology, and the trend of countries reporting the disease presence was computed throughout the study period. A multilevel model with random slope was built for twelve countries, with complete reporting history. Most of the countries (57.44%) were classified as 'Enzootic'. The percentage of countries reporting the disease presence slightly increased along the study period, probably due to the improvement of PTB monitoring, rather than to a deterioration of the epidemiological situation of the disease in Europe. Results of the model account for different dynamics in the number of outbreaks reported by 'Enzootic' and 'Epizootic' countries

Aproximación al comportamiento del consumidor para analizar la sostenibilidad de la compra de alimentos

[EN] In this study, a survey has been carried out to analyse the purchase choice regarding several packaging options of four basic foods (water, milk, bread and meat). We conducted a segmentation by age to analyse whether the purchasing behaviour changes depending on this variable, and whether it is related to environmental attitudes measured on the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) scale and to recycling behaviour. Among the results we found that, although young people seem to be slightly more environmentally aware, this does not translate into more sustainable purchases.[ES] En este artículo se ha realizado una encuesta para analizar la elección de compra en cuanto a varios envases de cuatro alimentos básicos. Se ha llevado a cabo una segmentación por edad para analizar si el comportamiento de compra difiere en función de esta variable y si tiene relación con actitudes medioambientales medidas en la escala NEP y con el comportamiento de reciclado. Los resultados muestran que, aunque los jóvenes parecen tener una conciencia medioambiental ligeramente mayor, esto no se traduce en compras más sostenibles.Martinez-Carrasco Martínez, L.; Brugarolas Mollá-Bauzá, M.; Gascón Mora, A. (2020). A consumer behaviour approach to analyse the sustainability of food purchasing. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales - Agricultural and Resource Economics. 20(2):73-93. https://doi.org/10.7201/earn.2020.02.04OJS739320