Actividad física y bienestar mental durante el distanciamiento social durante la pandemia de COVID-19

Objetivo: A pesquisa buscou compreender como o distanciamento social durante a pandemia COVID-19 impactou os níveis de atividade física e o bem-estar mental. Método: Participaram do estudo 511 pessoas dos 19 estados uruguaios, sendo 69,1% do sexo feminino e com faixa etária entre 18 e 24 anos (43,4%). Os participantes responderam questionário online, contendo questões sobre fadiga, nível de AF antes e após o início da pandemia, escala de Bem-estar Mental Warwick-Edimburgo, tempo que passa em frente as telas e número de pessoas que mantém contato. As informações foram mantidas anônimas e em sigilo, não constando perguntas que pudessem identificar os participantes. Resultados: A aplicação da pesquisa foi durante o período de distanciamento social, permanecendo disponível por um mês e 12 dias. Os resultados mostraram aumento da inatividade física e impacto negativo no bem-estar mental daqueles que se tornaram inativos durante o distanciamento. Conclusão: Em suma, as medidas de distanciamento apresentam prejuízos a saúde física e mental da população, sendo necessária a implementação de medidas de incentivo a prática de AF para que as pessoas possam retomar e aprimorar seus cuidados integrais com a saúde.Objective: This research sought to understand how social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic impacted physical activity levels and mental well-being. Methods: The study included 511 people from 19 Uruguayan states who participated in the study, 69.1% of whom were female and aged between 18 and 24 (43.4%). Participants answered an online questionnaire containing questions about fatigue, PA level before and after the pandemic onset, Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale, time spent in front of screens and number of people they kept in touch with. The information was kept anonymous and confidential, with no questions that could identify the participants. The survey was conducted during the period of social distancing, remaining available for one month and 12 days. Results: The results showed an increase in physical inactivity and a negative impact on the mental well-being of those who became inactive during the distancing period. Conclusion: In sum, distancing measures caused harm to the physical and mental health of the population, requiring the implementation of measures to encourage PA practice so that people can re-equip and enhance their integral health care.Objetivo: Esta investigación buscó comprender cómo el distanciamiento social durante la pandemia de COVID-19 impactó en los niveles de actividad física y bienestar mental. Métodos: Participaron 511 personas de 19 estados uruguayos, de las cuales 69,1% eran mujeres y tenían entre 18 y 24 años (43,4%), quienes respondieron un cuestionario online que contenía preguntas sobre fatiga, nivel de AF antes y después del inicio de la pandemia, Escala de Bienestar Mental de Warwick-Edinburgh, tiempo pasado frente a las pantallas y número de personas con las que mantenían contacto. La información se mantuvo anónima y confidencial, sin preguntas que pudieran identificar a los participantes. La encuesta se realizó durante el período de distanciamiento social, y estuvo disponible durante un mes y 12 días. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron un aumento de la inactividad física y un impacto negativo en el bienestar mental de quienes se volvieron inactivos durante el período de distanciamiento. Conclusión: En resumen, las medidas de distanciamiento causaron daños a la salud física y mental de la población, siendo necesaria la implementación de medidas que incentiven la práctica de AF para que las personas puedan renovar sus herramientas y mejorar el cuidado integral de su salud.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Abstracts from the 20th International Symposium on Signal Transduction at the Blood-Brain Barriers

https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138963/1/12987_2017_Article_71.pd

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Impactos da pandemia da Covid-19 em um clube da segunda divisão gaúcha de futebol

This article deals with the impacts of the Covid-19 in soccer club of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A qualitative research was carried out involving 20 athletes from the sub-20 and professional categories, 3 members of the technical committee and 1 of the board of a professional soccer club in the city of Canoas/RS. The general objective of the study was to identify whether the Covid-19 pandemic restrictions impacted club officers, staff and athletes, related to motivational, social and financial aspects. There were impacts on the interviewees' motivation, but they maintain a high rate of intrinsic motivation, which keeps them going through the challenges imposed by the pandemic. It is also noticed that there were significant changes in social, psychological and financial aspects. All respondents understand that such sanitary measures to control the spread of the disease are necessary. It was concluded that the pandemic changed the club's routine, causing consequences that cannot yet be measured.Este artículo trata sobre los impactos del Covid-19 en la segunda división del fútbol de Rio Grande do Sul. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa que participaron 20 deportistas (profesional e sub-20), 3 miembros del comité técnico y 1 de la directiva de un club de fútbol profesional de la ciudad de Canoas/RS. El objetivo general del estudio fue identificar si las restricciones a la pandemia de Covid-19 afectaron a los dirigentes, el personal y los atletas del club, en relación con los aspectos motivacionales, sociales y económicos. Los datos revelaron que hubo impactos en la motivación de los entrevistados, pero mantienen un alto índice de motivación intrínseca, lo que los mantiene atravesando los desafíos impuestos por la pandemia. También se observa que hubo cambios significativos en los aspectos sociales, psicológicos y económicos. En la nueva rutina, todos los entienden que tales medidas sanitarias para controlar la propagación de la enfermedad son necesarias. Se concluyó que la pandemia alteró la rutina del club, provocando consecuencias que aún no se pueden medir.Este artigo trata sobre os impactos da Covid-19 na segunda divisão gaúcha de futebol. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativo envolvendo 20 atletas das categorias sub-20 e profissional (10 em cada categoria), 3 membros da comissão técnica e 1 da diretoria de um clube profissional de futebol da cidade de Canoas/RS. O estudo teve como objetivo geral identificar se as restrições a pandemia da Covid-19 geraram impactos nos dirigentes, na comissão técnica e nos atletas do clube, relacionados aos aspectos motivacionais, sociais e financeiros.  Os dados revelaram que houve impactos na motivação dos entrevistados, porém estes mantêm alto índice de motivação intrínseca, o que os faz continuar mediante os desafios impostos pela pandemia. Percebe-se também que houveram significativas alterações nos aspectos sociais, psicológicos e financeiros. Quanto as alterações na rotina, todos os entrevistados compreendem que tais medidas sanitárias de controle ao contágio da doença são necessárias. Conclui-se que a pandemia alterou a rotina do clube, causando consequências que ainda não podem ser medidas

Actividad física y bienestar mental durante el distanciamiento social durante la pandemia de COVID-19

Objetivo: Esta investigación buscó comprender cómo el distanciamiento social durante la pandemia de COVID-19 impactó en los niveles de actividad física y bienestar mental. Métodos: Participaron 511 personas de 19 estados uruguayos, de las cuales 69,1% eran mujeres y tenían entre 18 y 24 años (43,4), quienes respondieron un cuestionario online que contenía preguntas sobre fatiga, nivel de AF antes y después del inicio de la pandemia, Escala de Bienestar Mental de Warwick-Edinburgh, tiempo pasado frente a las pantallas y número de personas con las que mantenían contacto. La información se mantuvo anónima y confidencial, sin preguntas que pudieran identificar a los participantes. La encuesta se realizó durante el período de distanciamiento social, y estuvo disponible durante un mes y 12 días. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron un aumento de la inactividad física y un impacto negativo en el bienestar mental de quienes se volvieron inactivos durante el período de distanciamiento. Conclusión: En resumen, las medidas de distanciamiento causaron daños a la salud física y mental de la población, siendo necesaria la implementación de medidas que incentiven la práctica de AF para que las personas puedan renovar sus herramientas y mejorar el cuidado integral de su salud.Objective: This research sought to understand how social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic impacted physical activity levels and mental well-being. Methods: The study included 511 people from 19 Uruguayan states who participated in the study, 69.1% of whom were female and aged between 18 and 24 (43.4). Participants answered an online questionnaire containing questions about fatigue, PA level before and after the pandemic onset, Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale, time spent in front of screens and number of people they kept in touch with. The information was kept anonymous and confidential, with no questions that could identify the participants. The survey was conducted during the period of social distancing, remaining available for one month and 12 days. Results: The results showed an increase in physical inactivity and a negative impact on the mental well-being of those who became inactive during the distancing period. Conclusion: In sum, distancing measures caused harm to the physical and mental health of the population, requiring the implementation of measures to encourage PA practice so that people can re-equip and enhance their integral health care.Objetivo: A pesquisa buscou compreender como o distanciamento social durante a pandemia COVID-19 impactou os níveis de atividade física e o bem-estar mental. Método: Participaram do estudo 511 pessoas dos 19 estados uruguaios, sendo 69,1% do sexo feminino e com faixa etária entre 18 e 24 anos (43,4porciento). Os participantes responderam questionário online, contendo questões sobre fadiga, nível de AF antes e após o início da pandemia, escala de Bem-estar Mental Warwick-Edimburgo, tempo que passa em frente as telas e número de pessoas que mantém contato. As informações foram mantidas anônimas e em sigilo, não constando perguntas que pudessem identificar os participantes. Resultados: A aplicação da pesquisa foi durante o período de distanciamento social, permanecendo disponível por um mês e 12 dias. Os resultados mostraram aumento da inatividade física e impacto negativo no bem-estar mental daqueles que se tornaram inativos durante o distanciamento. Conclusão: Em suma, as medidas de distanciamento apresentam prejuízos a saúde física e mental da população, sendo necessária a implementação de medidas de incentivo a prática de AF para que as pessoas possam retomar e aprimorar seus cuidados integrais com a saúde.Fil: Sanseverino, Marcela Alves. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.Fil: Martinez, Victor Matheus Lopes. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.Fil: Wearick-Silva, Luis Eduardo. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.Fil: Bona, Renata Luisa. Universidad de la Republica Uruguay - Cenur Litoral Norte, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Biomecánica y Análisis del Movimiento, Paysandú, Uruguay

Actividad física y bienestar mental durante el distanciamiento social durante la pandemia de COVID-19

Objective: This research sought to understand how social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic impacted physical activity levels and mental well-being. Methods: The study included 511 people from 19 Uruguayan states who participated in the study, 69.1% of whom were female and aged between 18 and 24 (43.4%). Participants answered an online questionnaire containing questions about fatigue, PA level before and after the pandemic onset, Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale, time spent in front of screens and number of people they kept in touch with. The information was kept anonymous and confidential, with no questions that could identify the participants. The survey was conducted during the period of social distancing, remaining available for one month and 12 days. Results: The results showed an increase in physical inactivity and a negative impact on the mental well-being of those who became inactive during the distancing period. Conclusion: In sum, distancing measures caused harm to the physical and mental health of the population, requiring the implementation of measures to encourage PA practice so that people can re-equip and enhance their integral health care.Objetivo: A pesquisa buscou compreender como o distanciamento social durante a pandemia COVID-19 impactou os níveis de atividade física e o bem-estar mental. Método: Participaram do estudo 511 pessoas dos 19 estados uruguaios, sendo 69,1% do sexo feminino e com faixa etária entre 18 e 24 anos (43,4%). Os participantes responderam questionário online, contendo questões sobre fadiga, nível de AF antes e após o início da pandemia, escala de Bem-estar Mental Warwick-Edimburgo, tempo que passa em frente as telas e número de pessoas que mantém contato. As informações foram mantidas anônimas e em sigilo, não constando perguntas que pudessem identificar os participantes. Resultados: A aplicação da pesquisa foi durante o período de distanciamento social, permanecendo disponível por um mês e 12 dias. Os resultados mostraram aumento da inatividade física e impacto negativo no bem-estar mental daqueles que se tornaram inativos durante o distanciamento. Conclusão: Em suma, as medidas de distanciamento apresentam prejuízos a saúde física e mental da população, sendo necessária a implementação de medidas de incentivo a prática de AF para que as pessoas possam retomar e aprimorar seus cuidados integrais com a saúde.Objetivo: Esta investigación buscó comprender cómo el distanciamiento social durante la pandemia de COVID-19 impactó en los niveles de actividad física y bienestar mental. Métodos: Participaron 511 personas de 19 estados uruguayos, de las cuales 69,1% eran mujeres y tenían entre 18 y 24 años (43,4%), quienes respondieron un cuestionario online que contenía preguntas sobre fatiga, nivel de AF antes y después del inicio de la pandemia, Escala de Bienestar Mental de Warwick-Edinburgh, tiempo pasado frente a las pantallas y número de personas con las que mantenían contacto. La información se mantuvo anónima y confidencial, sin preguntas que pudieran identificar a los participantes. La encuesta se realizó durante el período de distanciamiento social, y estuvo disponible durante un mes y 12 días. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron un aumento de la inactividad física y un impacto negativo en el bienestar mental de quienes se volvieron inactivos durante el período de distanciamiento. Conclusión: En resumen, las medidas de distanciamiento causaron daños a la salud física y mental de la población, siendo necesaria la implementación de medidas que incentiven la práctica de AF para que las personas puedan renovar sus herramientas y mejorar el cuidado integral de su salud

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.13Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt