El tapanco en viviendas vernáculas de Querétaro, México. Uso y eficiencia higrotérmica

Today, the climatic consequences caused by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are evident and are on track to see global warming of 2.7 °C by the end of the century. The energy dependence of buildings is one of the main causes, since they required 50% of global energy consumption in 2021 just for heating, making it necessary to implement passive bioclimatic air conditioning systems. This work documents the use in vernacular dwellings in Queretaro, Mexico, of an efficient attic-type passive system, called "tapanco", consisting of an inert air chamber that functions as a thermal buffer. A case was evaluated by applying measurement methodologies with thermo-hygrometers, complemented with thermography and thermo-wind simulation. The findings of adequate hygrometric indices, fostered by the system, make it a relevant alternative for a passive solution in future bioclimatic architectural design, to reduce adverse energy and climatic indices.Hoy día son evidentes las consecuencias climáticas provocadas por las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) que encaminan a alcanzar 2.7 °C de calentamiento global hacia 2100. La dependencia energética de las edificaciones es una de las causas principales, pues demandaron solo para calefacción el 50% del consumo de energía global en 2021, siendo necesario implementar sistemas bioclimáticos pasivos de climatización. Este trabajo documenta la utilización en viviendas vernáculas de Querétaro, México, de un eficiente sistema pasivo tipo ático, denominado "tapanco", consistente en una cámara de aire inerte que funciona como amortiguador térmico. Se evaluó un caso aplicando metodologías de medición con termo-higrómetros, complementando con termografía y simulación termo-eólica. Los hallazgos de índices higrométricos adecuados, propiciados por el sistema, lo convierten en alternativa relevante de solución pasiva en el diseño arquitectónico bioclimático futuro, para abatir los índices energéticos y climáticos adversos.Hoje, as consequências climáticas das emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) são evidentes e estamos a caminho de atingir 2,7°C de aquecimento global até 2100. A dependência energética das edificações é uma das principais causas, pois elas representaram 50% do consumo global de energia apenas para aquecimento em 2021, tornando-se necessário implementar sistemas passivos bioclimáticos de climatização. Este trabalho documenta a utilização de um eficiente sistema passivo tipo sótão, chamado "tapanco", em moradias tradicionais de Querétaro, México. O sistema consiste em uma câmara de ar inerte que atua como amortecedor térmico. Foi avaliado um caso utilizando metodologias de medição com termo-higrômetros, complementadas por termografia e simulação termo-eólica. Os resultados dos índices higrométricos adequados proporcionados pelo sistema fazem dele uma solução passiva alternativa relevante como solução passiva no futuro projeto arquitetônico bioclimático, visando reduzir os índices energéticos e climáticos adversos

Aportaciones en Matemáticas y Química

Presenta una serie de trabajos de investigación sobre el título de este libro: El estudio de fenómenos naturales por medio de datos, trae a colación un conjunto de acciones y procedimientos matemáticos que a veces usamos o abusamos de las restricciones no solo de las técnicas de regresión lineal sino también de las no lineales. para la dieta del mexicano. No obstante, el consumo per cápita se ha reducido de 18 kg a menos de 8.5 kg. Puesto que en las últimas décadas, la producción nacional ha disminuido, entre otras causas debido a la reducción de la superficie agrícola por la urbanización, lo cual margina la producción a regiones con condiciones limitantes para la agricultura; lo no atractivo que ha sido trabajar el campo, los siniestros ocasionados por las condiciones naturales (sequías, inundación, heladas tempranas, etc.) que reducen o hacen nulo el rendimiento. Así como Saber cuánto fertilizante se va a aplicar a un cultivo, ha sido desde la aparición de los fertilizantes artificiales o sales inorgánicas una pregunta que los productores hacen a los técnicos agrícolas. Estos responden usando su experiencia y los resultados de los ya muchísimos experimentos de dosis de nutrimentos de muchos cultivos a la fecha. Se han destacado como importantes para determinar la cantidad de nutrimentos que un cultivo necesita: el tipo de cultivo, las temperaturas, la cantidad de agua disponible (temporal o riego), la textura del suelo y su origen y el contenido de nutrimentos. También otros factores son importantes: la pendiente, la distribución de la precipitación durante el ciclo, la cantidad de luz, etc. Entre otros

Machine learning combining multi-omics data and network algorithms identifies adrenocortical carcinoma prognostic biomarkers

Background: Rare endocrine cancers such as Adrenocortical Carcinoma (ACC) present a serious diagnostic and prognostication challenge. The knowledge about ACC pathogenesis is incomplete, and patients have limited therapeutic options. Identification of molecular drivers and effective biomarkers is required for timely diagnosis of the disease and stratify patients to offer the most beneficial treatments. In this study we demonstrate how machine learning methods integrating multi-omics data, in combination with system biology tools, can contribute to the identification of new prognostic biomarkers for ACC.Methods: ACC gene expression and DNA methylation datasets were downloaded from the Xena Browser (GDC TCGA Adrenocortical Carcinoma cohort). A highly correlated multi-omics signature discriminating groups of samples was identified with the data integration analysis for biomarker discovery using latent components (DIABLO) method. Additional regulators of the identified signature were discovered using Clarivate CBDD (Computational Biology for Drug Discovery) network propagation and hidden nodes algorithms on a curated network of molecular interactions (MetaBase™). The discriminative power of the multi-omics signature and their regulators was delineated by training a random forest classifier using 55 samples, by employing a 10-fold cross validation with five iterations. The prognostic value of the identified biomarkers was further assessed on an external ACC dataset obtained from GEO (GSE49280) using the Kaplan-Meier estimator method. An optimal prognostic signature was finally derived using the stepwise Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) that allowed categorization of samples into high and low-risk groups.Results: A multi-omics signature including genes, micro RNA's and methylation sites was generated. Systems biology tools identified additional genes regulating the features included in the multi-omics signature. RNA-seq, miRNA-seq and DNA methylation sets of features revealed a high power to classify patients from stages I-II and stages III-IV, outperforming previously identified prognostic biomarkers. Using an independent dataset, associations of the genes included in the signature with Overall Survival (OS) data demonstrated that patients with differential expression levels of 8 genes and 4 micro RNA's showed a statistically significant decrease in OS. We also found an independent prognostic signature for ACC with potential use in clinical practice, combining 9-gene/micro RNA features, that successfully predicted high-risk ACC cancer patients.Conclusion: Machine learning and integrative analysis of multi-omics data, in combination with Clarivate CBDD systems biology tools, identified a set of biomarkers with high prognostic value for ACC disease. Multi-omics data is a promising resource for the identification of drivers and new prognostic biomarkers in rare diseases that could be used in clinical practice

The prognostic impact of SIGLEC5-induced impairment of CD8+ T cell activation in sepsis

Immune checkpoint; Sepsis; T-cell exhaustionPunto de control inmunológico; Septicemia; Agotamiento de células TPunt de control immunitari; Sèpsia; Esgotament de cèl·lules TBackground Sepsis is associated with T-cell exhaustion, which significantly reduces patient outcomes. Therefore, targeting of immune checkpoints (ICs) is deemed necessary for effective sepsis management. Here, we evaluated the role of SIGLEC5 as an IC ligand and explored its potential as a biomarker for sepsis. Methods In vitro and in vivo assays were conducted to both analyse SIGLEC5's role as an IC ligand, as well as assess its impact on survival in sepsis. A multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the plasmatic soluble SIGLEC5 (sSIGLEC5) as a mortality predictor in the first 60 days after admission in sepsis patients. Recruitment included sepsis patients (n = 346), controls with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (n = 80), aneurism (n = 11), stroke (n = 16), and healthy volunteers (HVs, n = 100). Findings SIGLEC5 expression on monocytes was increased by HIF1α and was higher in septic patients than in healthy volunteers after ex vivo LPS challenge. Furthermore, SIGLEC5-PSGL1 interaction inhibited CD8+ T-cell proliferation. Administration of sSIGLEC5r (0.8 mg/kg) had adverse effects in mouse endotoxemia models. Additionally, plasma sSIGLEC5 levels of septic patients were higher than HVs and ROC analysis revealed it as a mortality marker with an AUC of 0.713 (95% CI, 0.656–0.769; p < 0.0001). Kaplan–Meier survival curve showed a significant decrease in survival above the calculated cut-off (HR of 3.418, 95% CI, 2.380–4.907, p < 0.0001 by log-rank test) estimated by Youden Index (523.6 ng/mL). Interpretation SIGLEC5 displays the hallmarks of an IC ligand, and plasma levels of sSIGLEC5 have been linked with increased mortality in septic patients.This work was supported by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and “Fondos FEDER” to ELC (PIE15/00065, PI18/00148, PI14/01234, PI21/00869), to PP (20859/PI/18) and to CdF (PI21/01178), and received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowaska-Curie grant agreement to KMH (No. 713673; “laCaixa”). R.L.-R. was supported by “Predoctotales de formación en Investigación” (PFIS) grant FI19/00334 and J.A.-O. by Sara Borrell grant CD21/00059 from ISCIII. The Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d’Hebron Research Institute were supported by Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2013–2016, the ISCIII and Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016/0003)—co-financed by European Development Regional Fund “A way to achieve Europe”, and by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (JCRR, RF, JJGL, AF). Authors thank Emilio Llanos for his technical assistance

Tailored Graphenic Structures Directly Grown on Titanium Oxide Boost the Interfacial Charge Transfer

The successful application of titanium oxide-graphene hybrids in the fields of photocatalysis, photovoltaics and photodetection strongly depends on the interfacial contact between both materials. The need to provide a good coupling between the enabling conductor and the photoactive phase prompted us to directly grow conducting graphenic structures on TiO2 crystals. We here report on the direct synthesis of tailored graphenic structures by using Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition that present a clean junction with the prototypical titanium oxide (110) surface. Chemical analysis of the interface indicates chemical bonding between both materials. Photocurrent measurements under UV light illumination manifest that the charge transfer across the interface is efficient. Moreover, the influence of the synthesis atmosphere, gas precursor (C2H2) and diluents (Ar, O2), on the interface and on the structure of the as-grown graphenic material is assessed. The inclusion of O2 promotes vertical growth of partially oxidized carbon nanodots/rods with controllable height and density. The deposition with Ar results in continuous graphenic films with low resistivity (6.8x10-6 ohm x m). The synthesis protocols developed here are suitable to produce tailored carbon-semiconductor structures on a variety of practical substrates as thin films, pillars or nanoparticles.Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures, original research pape

Next‐generation sequencing reveals that miR‐16‐5p, miR‐19a‐3p, miR‐451a, and miR‐25‐3p cargo in plasma extracellular vesicles differentiates sedentary young males from athletes

A sedentary lifestyle and Olympic participation are contrary risk factors for global mortality and incidence of cancer and cardiovascular disease. Extracellular vesicle miRNAs have been described to respond to exercise. No molecular characterization of young male sedentary people versus athletes is available; so, our aim was to identify the extracellular vesicle miRNA profile of chronically trained young endurance and resistance male athletes compared to their sedentary counterparts. A descriptive case–control design was used with 16 sedentary young men, 16 Olympic male endurance athletes, and 16 Olympic male resistance athletes. Next‐generation sequencing and RT‐qPCR and external and internal validation were performed in order to analyze extracellular vesicle miRNA profiles. Endurance and resistance athletes had significant lower levels of miR‐16‐5p, miR‐19a‐3p, and miR‐451a compared to sedentary people. Taking all together, exercise‐trained miRNA profile in extracellular vesicles provides a differential signature of athletes irrespective of the type of exercise compared to sedentary people. Besides, miR‐25‐3p levels were specifically lower in endurance athletes which defines its role as a specific responder in this type of athletes. In silico analysis of this profile suggests a role in adaptive energy metabolism in this context that needs to be experimentally validated. Therefore, this study provides for the first time basal levels of circulating miRNA in extracellular vesicles emerge as relevant players in intertissue communication in response to chronic exercise exposure in young elite male athletes

Plataforma virtual de educación financiera “Finclass”

El presente proyecto el cual es una plataforma virtual vinculada a temas de finanzas e inversiones para jóvenes y adultos resulta viable tras haber realizo diferentes comprobaciones por distintas investigaciones durante el desarrollo del presente trabajo. Estas comprobaciones junto con la información recabada nos permitieron identificar el panorama en el cual los jóvenes y adultos entre 15 y 45 años, de NSE A y B de Lima encuentran dificultades para el entendimiento de temas financieros o de inversiones. Asimismo, estos problemas se denotaron más y fueron de mayor necesidad durante los últimos años debido a la pandemia del Covid-19, y como este afecto a las economías en todas sus escalas desde un nivel macroeconómico hasta finanzas personales del público objetivo. Con motivo de afrontar esta problemática es que se diseñó FINCLASS para poder dar solución a esta demanda de las personas por aprender temas financieros e inversiones para su aplicación personal o en sus negocios. FINCLASS consiste en una plataforma que brinde clases virtuales de alta calidad, en vivo, y desde la comodidad de donde el alumno se encuentre. Finclass contará con un sistema de innovación constante y las herramientas necesarias para el óptimo aprendizaje de los alumnos, tanto las personas que esperan dedicarse al mundo de las finanzas como también a los empresarios o personas naturales que quieran aprender a administrar mejor sus finanzas, de esta manera se generará ingresos principalmente por el pago/suscripción mensual, semestral y anual de los cursos de la plataforma.The present project is a virtual platform linked to finance and investment topics for a diverse range of people, from young adults to adults. It is a viable solution after making several checks in different research during the development of the present paper. These validations, together with the information found, allowed us to identify the outlook in which the target public, from 15 to 45 years old, from socioeconomic backgrounds A and B from Lima, find difficulties to understand finance or investment topics. Likewise, these ´problems were aggravated with increased necessity during the latest years, especially due to the COVID 19 pandemic. As this event affected the economics in all their levels, from a macroeconomic level all the way to personal finance to the target public. With the purpose of facing this problem, FINCLASS is born. Aimed at proving solutions to the demands of the specialized target to who are trying to learn finance and investment topics for their application at personal level, or in businesses. FINCLASS is a virtual platform where high quality classes are provided, live and from the conformity of where the student is located. Finclass will handle a system of constant innovation and the required tools to deliver the optimal learning to students. To people looking to be immersed full time in the finance world, to also even average people who desire to manage better their personal finance. That way, we will generate revenue mainly from the payment or subscription model in a monthly, semestral, or annual basis to access the platform courses.Trabajo de investigació

Amplification of IGH/MYC fusion in clinically aggressive IGH/BCL2-positive germinal center B-cell lymphomas

Activation of an oncogene via its juxtaposition to the IGH locus by a chromosomal translocation or, less frequently, by genomic amplification is considered a major mechanism of B-cell lymphomagenesis. However, amplification of an IGH/oncogene fusion, coined a complicon, is a rare event in human cancers and has been associated with poor outcome and resistance to treatment. In this article are descriptions of two cases of germinal-center-derived B-cell lymphomas with IGH/BCL2 fusion that additionally displayed amplification of an IGH/MYC fusion. As shown by fluorescence in situ hybridization, the first case contained a IGH/MYC complicon in double minutes, whereas the second case showed a BCL2/IGH/MYC complicon on a der(8)t(8;14)t(14;18). Additional molecular cytogenetic and mutation analyses revealed that the first case also contained a chromosomal translocation affecting the BCL6 oncogene and a biallelic inactivation of TP53. The second case harbored a duplication of REL and acquired a translocation affecting IGL and a biallelic inactivation of TP53 during progression. Complicons affecting Igh/Myc have been reported previously in lymphomas of mouse models simultaneously deficient in Tp53 and in genes of the nonhomologous end-joining DNA repair pathway. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that IGH/MYC complicons have been reported in human lymphomas. Our findings imply that the two mechanisms resulting in MYC deregulation, that is, translocation and amplification, can occur simultaneously

The U.S.-Mexico Border Infectious Disease Surveillance Project: Establishing Binational Border Surveillance

In 1997, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Mexican Secretariat of Health, and border health officials began the development of the Border Infectious Disease Surveillance (BIDS) project, a surveillance system for infectious diseases along the U.S.-Mexico border. During a 3-year period, a binational team implemented an active, sentinel surveillance system for hepatitis and febrile exanthems at 13 clinical sites. The network developed surveillance protocols, trained nine surveillance coordinators, established serologic testing at four Mexican border laboratories, and created agreements for data sharing and notification of selected diseases and outbreaks. BIDS facilitated investigations of dengue fever in Texas-Tamaulipas and measles in California–Baja California. BIDS demonstrates that a binational effort with local, state, and federal participation can create a regional surveillance system that crosses an international border. Reducing administrative, infrastructure, and political barriers to cross-border public health collaboration will enhance the effectiveness of disease prevention projects such as BIDS