18 research outputs found

    Inhibitory activity against α-amylase and glucose adsorption capacity of the aqueous decoctate of Chamaecrista nigricans (Vahl) Greene

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    Diabetes management involves preventing its risk factors. Inhibition of glucosidases and adsorption of excess free glucose are approaches to the prevention of postprandial hyperglycemia. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity, glucose adsorption capacity, and α-amylase inhibitory activity in vitro of the aqueous extract of Chamaecrista nigricans. Determination of phenolic compounds content was performed using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and the aluminum chloride method was used for total flavonoids one. The glucose oxidase peroxidase kit was used to determine the adsorption capacity of glucose while the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method was used to assess the inhibitory activity against α-amylase. Levels ranging from 33.87 ± 2.48 mg GAE/100 mg dry extract (DE) for total phenolic compounds and 1.98 ± 0.51 mg QE/100 mg DE for total flavonoids were observed. The adsorption capacity was correlated with the glucose concentration of the solution (r = 0.95) and was up to 36.61 Όmol/g DE for a glucose concentration of 30 mM. The extract from the November collection was most active against α-amylase with IC50 = 0.17 mg DE/mL. Observations confirm the traditional use of this species as a preventive measure in recipes for the treatment of diabetes. This data provides a basis for future pharmaceutical prospecting

    Morphological and microsatellite DNA diversity of Djallonké sheep in Guinea Bissau

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    BACKGROUND: The present study aimed at characterizing the DjallonkĂ© Sheep (DS), the only local sheep breed raised in Guinea-Bissau. A total of 200 animals were sampled from four regions (BafatĂĄ, GabĂș, Oio and Cacheu) and described using 7 visual criteria and 8 measurements. These parameters have been studied by principal components analysis. The genetic diversity and population structure of 92 unrelated animals were studied using 12 microsatellite markers. RESULTS: The values of quantitative characters in the BafatĂĄ region were significantly higher than those obtained in the other three regions. A phenotypic diversity of the DS population was observed and three genetic types distinguished: animals with “large traits” in the region of BafatĂĄ, animals with “intermediate traits” in the regions of GabĂș and Oio and animals with “small traits” in the Cacheu region. The hair coat colors are dominated by the white color, the shape of the facial head profile is mainly convex and the ears “erected horizontally”. Most of the morphobiometric characteristics were significantly influenced by the “region” and “sex of animals”. The average Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) of 0.65 ± 0.11 supports the use of markers in genetic characterization. GabĂș subpopulation had the highest genetic diversity measures (He = 0.716 ± 0.089) while Cacheu DS subpopulation presented the smallest (He = 0.651 ± 0.157). Only GabĂș and BafatĂĄ subpopulations presented significant heterozygote deficiency across all loci indicating possible significant inbreeding. Mean values for F(IT,) F(ST), F(IS) and G(ST) statistics across all loci were 0.09, 0.029, 0.063 and 0.043 respectively. The overall genetic differentiation observed between the four DS subpopulations studied was low. BafatĂĄ and GabĂș are the most closely related subpopulations (D(S) = 0.04, genetic identity = 0.96) while BafatĂĄ and Cacheu were the most genetically distant subpopulations (D(S) = 0.14, genetic identity = 0.87). Using Bayesian approach, the number of K groups that best fit the data is detected between 2 and 3, which is consistent with the morphological analysis and the factorial analysis of correspondence. CONCLUSIONS: The molecular results on DS population of Guinea-Bissau confirmed the ones obtained with morphological analysis. The three genetic types observed phenotypically might be due to a combination of the agro-ecological differences and the management of breeding rather than genetic factors. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12863-021-01009-7

    Impact des DĂ©chets Plastiques sur les PĂąturages Urbains et PĂ©ri-urbains de la Ville de Dori, RĂ©gion du Sahel : cas des Ruminants Domestiques

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    Les pĂąturages naturels constituent la principale ressource alimentaire des ruminants dans la zone urbaine et pĂ©ri-urbaine de Dori. Ces pĂąturages naturels sont non seulement insuffisants pour les animaux mais aussi polluĂ©s par les sachets plastiques. Cette insuffisance alimentaire (quantitative et qualitative) amĂšne les ruminants Ă  ingĂ©rer des sachets plastiques. Notre Ă©tude avait pour objectif gĂ©nĂ©ral d’étudier la prĂ©valence de l’ingestion des sachets plastiques chez les ruminants (bovins, caprins et ovins). Elle s’est dĂ©roulĂ©e de fĂ©vrier Ă  juin 2021 par une collecte alĂ©atoire de donnĂ©es Ă  l’abattoir sur 600 Ă©chantillons de ruminants domestiques : 200 bovins, 200 caprins et 200 ovins. Nos rĂ©sultats ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que la prĂ©valence de l’ingestion des sachets n’est pas liĂ©e Ă  l’espĂšce: 31,5% chez les ovins, 30% chez les bovins et 23% chez les caprins (p = 0,131). Cette prĂ©valence n’est pas Ă©galement liĂ©e au sexe: 30% chez les femelles contre 26% chez les mĂąles (p = 0,379). Par ailleurs, les poids des sachets ingĂ©rĂ©s variaient significativement d’une espĂšce Ă  l’autre (p < 0,001). Ainsi les bovins et ovins avaient tendance Ă  en consommer plus que les caprins (p < 0,05). Les poids vifs et carcasses des animaux ayant ingĂ©rĂ©s des sachets plastiques sont sensiblement Ă©gaux Ă  ceux qui n’en ont pas ingĂ©rĂ©s. Notre Ă©tude suggĂšre que des dispositions particuliĂšres soient prises, notamment l’élevage en stabulation et la sensibilisation Ă  l’usage et gestion des sachets dans les villes.   Natural pastures are the main alimentary resource for ruminants in the urban and peri-urban area of Dori. These natural pastures are not only insufficient for the animals but also polluted by plastic bags. This food insufficiency (quantitative and qualitative) leads ruminants to ingest plastic bags. The general objective of our study was to investigate the prevalence of plastic bag ingestion in ruminants (cattle, goats and sheep). It was conducted from February to June 2021 through random data collection at the abattoir on 600 samples of domestic ruminants: 200 cattle, 200 goats and 200 sheep. Our results revealed that the prevalence of plastic ingestion is not related to species: 31.5% in sheep, 30% in cattle and 23% in goats (p = 0.131). This prevalence was also not linked to sex: 30% in females versus 26% in males (p = 0.379). Furthermore, the weights of the plastic bags ingested varied significantly between species (p < 0.001). Cattle and sheep tended to consume more than goats (p < 0.05). The live and carcass weights of animals that ingested plastic bags were approximately equal to those that did not. Our study suggests that special measures should be taken, including stall breeding and sensitisation on the use and management of bags in cities

    Impact des DĂ©chets Plastiques dans l’Alimentation des Ruminants Domestiques: cas de l’Élevage Urbain et PĂ©riurbain de la Ville de Dori, RĂ©gion du Sahel

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    Les pĂąturages naturels constituent la principale ressource alimentaire des ruminants dans la zone urbaine et pĂ©ri-urbaine de Dori. Ces pĂąturages naturels sont non seulement insuffisants pour les animaux mais aussi polluĂ©s par les sachets plastiques. Cette insuffisance alimentaire quantitative et qualitative amĂšne les ruminants Ă  ingĂ©rer des sachets plastiques. La presente Ă©tude avait pour objectif gĂ©nĂ©ral d’étudier la prĂ©valence de l’ingestion des sachets plastiques chez les ruminants, notamment des bovins, caprins et ovins. Elle s’est dĂ©roulĂ©e de fĂ©vrier Ă  juin 2021 par une collecte alĂ©atoire de donnĂ©es Ă  l’abattoir de Dori lors d’une Ă©tude tranversale sur un Ă©chantillon de 600 ruminants domestiques : 200 bovins, 200 caprins et 200 ovins. Les rĂ©sultats ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que la prĂ©valence de l’ingestion des sachets n’est pas liĂ©e Ă  l’espĂšce: 31,5% chez les ovins, 30% chez les bovins et 23% chez les caprins (p = 0,131). Cette prĂ©valence n’est pas Ă©galement liĂ©e au sexe: 30% chez les femelles contre 26% chez les mĂąles (p = 0,379). Par ailleurs, les poids des sachets ingĂ©rĂ©s variaient significativement d’une espĂšce Ă  l’autre (p < 0,001). Ainsi les bovins et ovins avaient tendance Ă  en consommer plus que les caprins (p < 0,05). Les animaux qui ingĂ©raient une quantitĂ© de sachets infĂ©rieure Ă  100 g Ă©taient plus nombeux que ceux en consommaient plus (p < 0,001). Ainsi, l’ingestion n’a pas eu d’effet sur les poids vifs et carcasses des animaux ayant ingĂ©rĂ©s des sachets plastiques. L’étude suggĂšre que des dispositions particuliĂšres soient prises, notamment l’élevage en stabulation et la sensibilisation Ă  l’usage et Ă  une meilleure gestion des sachets plastiques dans la commune de Dori.   Natural pastures are the main alimentary resource for ruminants in the urban and peri-urban area of Dori. These natural pastures are not only insufficient for the animals but also polluted by plastic bags. This quantitative and qualitative food insufficiency leads ruminants to ingest plastic bags. The general objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of plastic bag ingestion in ruminants, including cattle, goats and sheep. It was conducted from February to June 2021 through random data collection at the Dori abattoir during a cross-sectional study on a sample of 600 domestic ruminants: 200 cattle, 200 goats and 200 sheep. The results revealed that the prevalence of plastic ingestion is not related to species: 31.5% in sheep, 30% in cattle and 23% in goats (p = 0.131). This prevalence was also not linked to sex: 30% in females versus 26% in males (p = 0.379). Furthermore, the weights of the plastic bags ingested varied significantly between species (p < 0.001). Cattle and sheep tended to consume more than goats (p < 0.05). Animals that consumed less than 100 g of plastic wastes were more numerous than those that consumed more (p < 0.001). Thus, ingestion had no effect on the live and carcass weights of animals that ingested plastic bags. The study suggests that special measures should be taken, including stall breeding and sensitisation on the use and better management of bags in the Dori commune

    Impact des DĂ©chets Plastiques sur les PĂąturages Urbains et PĂ©ri-urbains de la Ville de Dori, RĂ©gion du Sahel : cas des Ruminants Domestiques

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    Les pĂąturages naturels constituent la principale ressource alimentaire des ruminants dans la zone urbaine et pĂ©ri-urbaine de Dori. Ces pĂąturages naturels sont non seulement insuffisants pour les animaux mais aussi polluĂ©s par les sachets plastiques. Cette insuffisance alimentaire (quantitative et qualitative) amĂšne les ruminants Ă  ingĂ©rer des sachets plastiques. Notre Ă©tude avait pour objectif gĂ©nĂ©ral d’étudier la prĂ©valence de l’ingestion des sachets plastiques chez les ruminants (bovins, caprins et ovins). Elle s’est dĂ©roulĂ©e de fĂ©vrier Ă  juin 2021 par une collecte alĂ©atoire de donnĂ©es Ă  l’abattoir sur 600 Ă©chantillons de ruminants domestiques : 200 bovins, 200 caprins et 200 ovins. Nos rĂ©sultats ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que la prĂ©valence de l’ingestion des sachets n’est pas liĂ©e Ă  l’espĂšce: 31,5% chez les ovins, 30% chez les bovins et 23% chez les caprins (p = 0,131). Cette prĂ©valence n’est pas Ă©galement liĂ©e au sexe: 30% chez les femelles contre 26% chez les mĂąles (p = 0,379). Par ailleurs, les poids des sachets ingĂ©rĂ©s variaient significativement d’une espĂšce Ă  l’autre (p < 0,001). Ainsi les bovins et ovins avaient tendance Ă  en consommer plus que les caprins (p < 0,05). Les poids vifs et carcasses des animaux ayant ingĂ©rĂ©s des sachets plastiques sont sensiblement Ă©gaux Ă  ceux qui n’en ont pas ingĂ©rĂ©s. Notre Ă©tude suggĂšre que des dispositions particuliĂšres soient prises, notamment l’élevage en stabulation et la sensibilisation Ă  l’usage et gestion des sachets dans les villes.   Natural pastures are the main alimentary resource for ruminants in the urban and peri-urban area of Dori. These natural pastures are not only insufficient for the animals but also polluted by plastic bags. This food insufficiency (quantitative and qualitative) leads ruminants to ingest plastic bags. The general objective of our study was to investigate the prevalence of plastic bag ingestion in ruminants (cattle, goats and sheep). It was conducted from February to June 2021 through random data collection at the abattoir on 600 samples of domestic ruminants: 200 cattle, 200 goats and 200 sheep. Our results revealed that the prevalence of plastic ingestion is not related to species: 31.5% in sheep, 30% in cattle and 23% in goats (p = 0.131). This prevalence was also not linked to sex: 30% in females versus 26% in males (p = 0.379). Furthermore, the weights of the plastic bags ingested varied significantly between species (p < 0.001). Cattle and sheep tended to consume more than goats (p < 0.05). The live and carcass weights of animals that ingested plastic bags were approximately equal to those that did not. Our study suggests that special measures should be taken, including stall breeding and sensitisation on the use and management of bags in cities

    Perceptions sur les Conduites Dopantes dans le Sport dans la Ville de Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)

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    L’objectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait d’évaluer les Connaissances, Attitudes et Pratiques (CAP) chez les sportifs face aux conduites dopantes dans la ville de Bobo-Dioulasso au Burkina Faso. Il s’est agi d’une Ă©tude transversale, de novembre 2020 Ă  janvier 2021, portant sur 390 sportifs de trois disciplines sportives: football, basketball, et handball. Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es Ă  partir de questionnaires anonymes administrĂ©s ou auto-administrĂ©s. Au total, 73.1% (285) des sportifs ont participĂ© Ă  l’étude. Le sexe masculin Ă©tait majoritaire, soit un sex-ratio de 2.47 et l’ñge moyen des sportifs Ă©tait de 21.4±3.68 ans. De plus, 69.12% (197) des sportifs ont dĂ©clarĂ© avoir des connaissances sur le dopage ou sur les conduites dopantes et que les canaux privilĂ©giĂ©s Ă©taient les mass mĂ©dias (55.79%) et les amis (10.18%). A l’issue de l’enquĂȘte CAP, 76.84% (219) ont dĂ©clarĂ© pratiquĂ© les conduites dopantes (p<0.001) et le football Ă©tait de loin le sport qui favorisait ces conduites (p<0.001). Les conduites dopantes Ă©taient corrĂ©lĂ©es positivement avec le sexe masculin (p<0.001), l’ñge Ă©levĂ© du sportif (p=0.009) et son faible niveau d’instruction (p=0.006). Par ailleurs, les substances utilisĂ©es citĂ©es pour ces conduites Ă©taient des produits pharmaceutiques, non pharmaceutiques et 9.82% (28) des sportifs utilisaient des plantes mĂ©dicinales locales. L’amphĂ©tamine, une substance interdite, a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e par 0.15% des sportifs. L’étude revĂšle que les participants ont une conduite dopante Ă©levĂ©e et un manque d’information sur ces conduites. Des recommandations ont Ă©tĂ© formulĂ©es Ă  leur regard afin de leur Ă©viter les dangers liĂ©s au dopage. This study focuses on evaluating the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) of sportsmen and women on doping behaviour in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso in Burkina Faso. It was a cross-sectional study, from November 2020 to January 2021, consisting of 390 athletes in three sports: football, basketball, and handball. The data were collected by using anonymous administered questionnaires or self-administered questionnaires. A total of 73.1% (285) of the athletes agreed to participate in the study. The majority were male, with a sex ratio of 2.47, and the mean age of the athletes was 21.4±3.68 years. 69.12% (197) of the athletes also stated that they had knowledge about doping or doping behaviour, and the source of this information was from mass media (55.79%) and friends (10.18%). From the KAP survey, 76.84% (219) declared that they practised doping behaviour (p<0.001) and football was the sport that favoured this behaviour (p<0.001). Doping behaviours were positively correlated with male gender (p<0.001), older age (p=0.009), and lower education level (p=0.006). The substances used were pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical, while 9.82% (28) of the athletes used local medicinal plants. Amphetamine, an illegal substance, was used by 0.15% of the athletes. The study further reveals that participants have a high level of doping behaviour and a lack of information about these behaviours. Recommendations were formulated for them to avoid the dangers of doping
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