Ciencia Abierta: abriendo la ciencia más allá del Acceso Abierto

La ciencia abierta incluye un conjunto de actividades que permiten la colaboración, transparencia y difusión de todo el proceso desarrollado a lo largo de cualquier investigación, sea cual sea su naturaleza, a través de diferentes herramientas tecnológicas. Para mostrar la imagen global de este concepto, se ofrece a lo largo de este documento una profunda revisión bibliográfica que proporciona una panorámica general de cada uno de los componentes que conforman y permiten su desarrollo: las actividades que abarca, la infraestructura tecnológica que posibilita que se lleve a cabo y las iniciativas y políticas que impulsan la ciencia abierta. En un segundo apartado, y en base a la revisión realizada, se identifican algunas de las barreras y peligros a los que se enfrenta la ciencia abierta para su desarrollo futuro, proponiéndose, además, algunas soluciones para solventar estas dificultades. Se finaliza con unas conclusiones generales extraídas del análisis crítico de la literatura referenciada en las que destacan que la ciencia abierta es un modelo emergente, aún por definirse y frente al que se sitúan barreras y retos para su uso generalizado, pero que cuenta con grandes empujes que lo impulsan y hacen de ella una realidad cada vez más consolidada.Open Science includes a set of activities that allow collaboration, transparency and dissemination of the whole process developed throughout any research, whatever its nature, through different technological tools. To show a global image of this concept, a thorough bibliographic review is offered in this document which provides a general overview of each of the components that make up and allow for its development: the activities, the technological infrastructure that makes it possible to carry it out and the initiatives and policies that boost the Open Science. In a second section, and based on the review carried out, some of the barriers and dangers faced by the Open Science for its future development are identified, and some solutions are proposed to solve these difficulties. It ends with some general conclusions drawn from the critical analysis of the literature, in which it is highlighted that Open Science is an emerging model, yet to be defined, which faces barriers and challenges to its widespread use, but with great forces behind that make it an increasingly consolidated reality.Máster Universitario en Bibliotecas, Archivos y Continuidad Digital, 2019-202

Research data services (RDS) in Spanish academic libraries

Research data services (RDS) are actions undertaken to provide researchers with support, advising, training, information, a technological infrastructure and a regulatory framework with respect to research data management (RDM) throughout the life cycle of the data. The implementation of RDS is an activity that is becoming increasingly important within the functions carried out by academic and research libraries. The aim of this study is to provide a snapshot of the research data services implemented in academic libraries in public universities in Spain, identifying the number and types of services deployed. We conducted a Website Content Analysis of the libraries of the 48 Spanish public universities to discover which RDS they are implementing and promoting. The results show that, despite a lack of institutional policies regarding research data, libraries are deploying these new services, albeit unevenly in terms of both the number of services and the type of support provided. Services related to development of the data management plan (DMP) and preservation of the data in repositories predominate. This inventory is presented as a first step towards learning the level of RDS implementation in Spanish academic libraries, providing a partial perspective and leading the way to exploring other aspects in greater depth in future studies.This work has been supported by the Madrid Government (Comunidad de Madrid-Spain) under the Multiannual Agreement with UC3M in the line of Excellence of University Professors (EPUC3M02), and in the context of the V PRICIT (Regional Programme of Research and Technological Innovation)

Characteristics of Nursing Interventions That Improve the Quality of Life of People With Chronic Diseases. A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

Purpose The objective of this systematic review was to determine the characteristics of the interventions conducted by nurses that attempt to improve the health related quality of life (HRQoL) of people over 18 years of age with chronic diseases. Methods This systematic review with meta-analysis summarizes 24 studies, conducted in 10 countries, that evaluated HRQoL through the Short-Form Health Survey (SF). Five databases were accessed to find the available studies from December 31st, 2000 to May 22sd, 2017. Selected studies were coded according to the characteristics of the sample and the intervention. A model of random effects was adopted for the overall estimation and to explain the heterogeneity. Results Twenty-four studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis providing a sample of 4324 chronic patients aged 63.4 years. Among the 8 subscales and two summary measures that comprise the SF-36, only an overall significant effect size (ES) index was found in the Mental Health Component summary score (ES = 0.14; 95% CI:0.03 ? 0.26; I2 = 44.6, p = 0.042) and the Mental Health subscale. This improvement on HRQoL was associated to interventions on ?Case Management? and ?Treatments and Procedures?, which were based on a theory, were of shorter duration, and had a follow-up period. Conclusions Interventions targeting people with chronic diseases resulted in a slight increase in the HRQoL that was not always significant, which suggests that there is a need for their continuous improvement.Funding: This project was funded by the University of Cantabria (Spain). Budget implementation 28.VU08.64662

Experiences of Nursing Students Participating in End-Of-Life Education Programs: A Systematic Review and Qualitative Metasynthesis

Objective: The aim of this review was to explore the experiences of nursing students participating in end-of-life education programs. Design: A systematic review. Data sources: Exhaustive literature searches were performed using seven electronic databases: Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL Plus, Dialnet Plus, Eric and Cuiden Plus. Review methods: In total, 6572 studies published from 2008 until 2018 were examined. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program was used to assess the quality of the studies included in the review. The findings were synthesized using meta-aggregation. Results: Seventeen studies were included in this systematic review, representing a sample of 606 nursing students. Simulation methods were most common among the educational programs analyzed. The analysis of qualitative data allowed us to identify 260 illustrations which were grouped into 14 categories and three themes: feelings and emotions during the performance of the pedagogical activity, end-of-life education among nursing students and competencies acquired on death and end-of-life. The most highlighted communication skills were learning to listen and building confidence to speak with the patient, family and the general public. Conclusions: End-of-life programs generally helped students acquire communication skills, learn concepts and improve the administration of this type of care. In addition, they perceived the experience as an opportunity to learn more about oneself, gain trust and support critical thinking. Nonetheless, the evidence available in this field is limited due to the small number of studies, plus the limited data reported. Thus, further studies on this subject are necessary

Pasados y presente. Estudios para el profesor Ricardo García Cárcel

Ricardo García Cárcel (Requena, 1948) estudió Historia en Valencia bajo el magisterio de Joan Reglà, con quien formó parte del primer profesorado de historia moderna en la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. En esta universidad, desde hace prácticamente cincuenta años, ha desarrollado una extraordinaria labor docente y de investigación marcada por un sagaz instinto histórico, que le ha convertido en pionero de casi todo lo que ha estudiado: las Germanías, la historia de la Cataluña moderna, la Inquisición, las culturas del Siglo de Oro, la Leyenda Negra, Felipe II, Felipe V, Austrias y Borbones, la guerra de la Independencia, la historia cultural, los mitos de la historia de España... Muy pocos tienen su capacidad para reflexionar, ordenar, analizar, conceptualizar y proponer una visión amplia y llena de matices sobre el pasado y las interpretaciones historiográficas. A su laboriosidad inimitable se añade una dedicación sin límites en el asesoramiento de alumnos e investigadores e impulsando revistas, dosieres, seminarios o publicaciones colectivas. Una mínima correspondencia a su generosidad lo constituye este volumen a manera de ineludible agradecimiento

Effectiveness of intervention programs aimed at improving the nursing work environment: a systematic review

Background The nursing work environment can be compromised due to workload, stress and many other issues. A good nursing work environment is needed to for the health and wellbeing of nurses and therefore measures are developed to improve nursing work environment. Aim To determine whether measures designed to improve the work environment for nursing professionals are effective. Methodology Online research in the Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, CINHAL, PsycINFO, and American Doctoral Dissertations databases, along with manual search, was carried out. Primary experimental studies made up of intervention and control groups were included, with pre-/post-measure evaluation in the nursing team, based on the effects of the interventions. Risk of bias was calculated using the Cochrane tool. Results A total of 1997 studies were examined; 19 clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. A total of 1427 nurses participated in the selected studies. The fields of application of the interventions were personal and environmental. Out of the fields targeting individuals, three methodologies were identified: cognitive-behavioral techniques, stress management, channeling anxiety and physical well-being; and those aimed at environmental fields: aromatization and organization. The most evaluated characteristic was teamwork, and the most analyzed symptom was stress. Most of the interventions concluded with at least one significant improvement. Conclusions Interventions aimed at enhancing the work environment are effective ways of increasing job satisfaction. The heterogeneity of the data did not allow us to determine which intervention is the most effective. The combination, type, and duration are variables that affect efficacy