Mujeres inmigrantes en prisión : articulación de las políticas penales y de extranjería en el contexto de la Unión Europea

La presencia creciente y desproporcionada de minorías étnicas en las cárceles es una realidad cada vez más extendida que responde a varios hechos: por un lado, la criminalización de estos colectivos, a menudo vinculada con el endurecimiento de las políticas penales en materia de drogas ilícitas (motivo por el que muchas extranjeras detenidas en la frontera ingresan en prisión); por otro lado, las políticas de extranjería nacionales/europeas. Ambos hechos se conjugan en la visualización de “el extranjero” (no blanco) como un problema de seguridad dentro del marco de la Unión Europea (UE). En este renovado marco de la política de la UE, intensificado y polarizado en torno a la (in)seguridad, la «lucha contra la inmigración ilegal» se entiende dentro de una batalla más general en contra del gran crimen organizado (narcotráfico, terrorismo, tráfico de mujeres, etc.); una nueva vuelta de tuerca para las políticas restrictivas de extranjería en los países occidentales. Desde este enfoque pretendemos analizar conjuntamente las realidades las mujeres inmigrantes reclusas y cómo se articulan en la actualidad con las políticas de extranjería, cada vez más orientadas hacia la «retención» y la «expulsión», y las políticas penales, cada vez más alejadas del horizonte retórico de la «integración» e inmersas en una lógica de contención, así como la formación de un imaginario sobre el crimen organizado internacional en el que de forma creciente se están perfilando representaciones femeninas. Con el análisis de las representaciones de las mujeres inmigrantes criminalizadas intentaremos profundizar en la complejidad con la que se entretejen estos aspectos con la defensa y la propia noción de derechos humanos.Publicad

Effect of microstructure on mechanical properties of porcelain stoneware

This work examines the effect of microstructure (aspect ratio of mullite crystals and proportion of crystalline and amorphous phases) as well as different physical features (bulk density, closed and open porosity and absolute density) on the mechanical properties of a standard porcelain stoneware composition (50% kaolinitic clay, 40% feldspar and 10% quartz) fired in the 1200–1300 °C temperature interval using a fast firing schedule. The mechanical behaviour was evaluated in terms of bending strength, Vickers microhardness, fracture toughness and Young's modulus. After viewing the results, it can be concluded that increased σf, Hv and E values were mainly due to open porosity, percentage of mullite phase and morphology of secondary mullite needles, whereas closed porosity and quartz particles have no influence on these properties.This research was supported by the Spanish Science and Technology Ministry (Projects MAT2000-1422 and MAT2003-2915). The authors gratefully acknowledge Compañía Europea de Arcillas, S.A. for providing raw materials. The authors thank IRICA from University of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain) for experimental assistance.Peer reviewe

Nuevos y viejos elementos en el debate sobre las drogas

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Heart rate recovery normality data recorded in response to a maximal exercise test in physically active men.

Background. Despite a growing clinical interest in determining the heart rate recovery (HRR) response to exercise, the limits of a normal HRR have not yet been well established. Purpose. This study was designed to examine HRR following a controlled maximal exercise test in healthy, physically active adult men. Methods. The subjects recruited (n=789) performed a maximal stress test on a treadmill. HRR indices were calculated by subtracting the 1st and 3rd minute heart rates during recovery from the maximal heart rate obtained during stress testing and designated these as HRR-1 and HRR-3, respectively. The relative change in HRR was determined as the decrease in HR produced at the time points 1 min and 3 min after exercise as a percentage of the peak HR (%HRR-1/HRpeak and %HRR-3/HRpeak, respectively). Percentile values of HRR-1 and HRR-3 were generated for the study population. Results. Mean HHR-1 and HHR-3 were 15.24±8.36 bpm and 64.58±12.17 bpm, respectively and %HRR-1/HRpeak and %HRR-3/HRpeak were 8.60±4.70% and 36.35±6.79%, respectively. Significant correlation was detected between Peak VO2 and HRR-3 (r=0.36; p<0.001) or %HRR-3/HRpeak (r=0.23; p<0.001). Conclusions. Our study provides normality data for heart rate recovery following a maximal ergometry test obtained in a large population of physically active men.pre-print166 K

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Improving the barrier properties of thermoplastic corn starch-based films containing bacterial cellulose nanowhiskers by means of PHA electrospun coatings of interest in food packaging

In the present study, property enhanced thermoplastic corn starch (TPCS) nanobiocomposites containing bacterial cellulose nanowhiskers (BCNW) prepared by melt mixing were characterized in terms of morphology, mechanical, optical and barrier properties. Improved barrier to water vapour and oxygen at high relative humidity (80%) was noticed, reaching the best performance at 15 wt% BCNW loading with a maximum drop of 46% and 95% for water and oxygen permeability, respectively. In a second approach, the optimized nanobiocomposites (containing 15 wt% BCNW) were successfully hydrophobized by coating them with electrospun poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) or electrospun PHB-BCNW fibres. To this end, hybrid electrospun PHB fibres reinforced with highly dispersed crystalline BCNW in solutions concentrations up to 15 wt% were directly electrospun onto both sides of TPCS nanobiocomposites containing 15 wt% BCNW. Similar coated structures prepared without BCNW were developed and characterized for comparative purposes. The methodology used resulted in good adhesion between the layers, also leading to enhanced barrier performance. Interestingly, the incorporation of BCNW in one of the layers led to a decrease on the oxygen permeability values showing no significant differences between multilayer films incorporating BCNW whatever the layer where the BCNW were located. However, when comparing amongst the different multilayer samples containing BCNW, the greatest reduction in the water vapour permeability values was seen for multilayer structures incorporating BCNW in both, the TPCS inner layer and the PHB coating. This study has demonstrated the potential of the combination of both technologies (nanocomposites and multilayered design) in the development of food packaging materials based on corn starch with improved barrier properties.Financial support from MINECO (AGL2015-63855-C2-1project). M.J. Fabra is recipient of a Ramon y Cajal contract (RYC-2014-158) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and CompetitivenessPeer reviewe

Social media technologies: a waste of time or a good way to learn and improve technological competences?

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to deepen understanding of the effects of using social media technologies to acquire technological knowledge and organizational learning competences, of technological knowledge competences on organizational learning and finally of organizational learning on organizational performance. Design/methodology/approach – The study was performed by analyzing data from a sample of 197 technology firms located in Spain. The hypotheses were tested using a structural equations model with the program LISREL 8.80. Findings – This study’s conceptual framework is grounded in complexity theory – along with dynamic capabilities theory, which complements the resource-based view. The study contributes to the literature by proposing a model that reflects empirically how business ecosystems that use social media technologies enable the development of interorganizational and social collaboration networks that encourage learning and development of technological knowledge competences. Research limitations/implications – It would be interesting for future studies to consider other elements to conceptualize and measure social media technologies, including (among others) significance of the various tools used and strategic integration. The model might also analyze other sectors and another combination of variables. Practical implications – The results of this study have several managerial implications: developing social media technologies and interorganizational social collaboration networks not only enables the organizational learning process but also encourages technological knowledge competences. Through innovation processes, use of social media technologies also contributes to strengthening companies’ strategic positioning, which ultimately helps to improve firms’ organizational performance. Social implications – Since social media technologies drive information systems in contemporary society (because they enable interaction with numerous agents), the authors highlight the use of complexity theory to develop a conceptual framework. Originality/value – The study also deepens understanding of the connections by which new experiential learning contributes to the generation of coevolutionary adaptive business ecosystems and digital strategies that enable development of interorganizational and social collaborative networks through technological knowledge competences. Only after examining the impact of socialmedia technologies on organizational performance in prior literature, did the authors underscore that both quantity and frequency of social media technology use are positively related to improvement in knowledge processes that lead to employees’ creation and acquisition of new metaknowledge.Excellence Unit "Advanced Research in Economics and Business" of the University of Granada (Spain)Andalusian Regional Government B-SEJ-042-UGR18 A-SEJ-192-UGR20 P20_0056

Citrate and Polyvinylpyrrolidone Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles as Selective Colorimetric Sensor for Aluminum (III) Ions in Real Water Samples

The use of silver nanoparticles stabilized with citrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone as a sensor for aluminum ions determination is proposed in this paper. These non-functionalized and specific nanoparticles provide a highly selective and sensitive detection system for aluminum in acidic solutions. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Surface plasmon band deconvolution analysis was applied to study the interaction between silver nanoparticles and aluminum ions in solution. The interaction band in the UV-visible region was used as an analytical signal for quantitation purposes. The proposed detection system offers an effective AND wide linearity range (0.1-103 nM), specificity for Al(III) in THE presence of other metallic ions in solution, as well as high sensitivity (limit of detection = 40.5 nM). The proposed silver-nanoparticles-based sensor WAS successfully used for detecting Al(III) in real water samples.Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, MinECo, CTQ2016-78703-P (AEI/FEDER, UE)España, Universidad de Sevilla ,V Plan Propio Grupos Emergentes (PP2016-5937)Junta de Andalucía (2017/FQM-386)CITIUS VI PP USO SSGG (1804031606

Chitosan tailor-made membranes as biopolymeric support for electromembrane extraction

El período de embargo ha expirado ya al ser del año 2019A chitosan membrane composed by 60% (w/w) chitosan and 40% (w/w) Aliquat®336 has been proposed as a new biopolymeric support for electromembrane extraction. The new support has been characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, resulting a 30–35 µm thickness. Amoxicillin, nicotinic acid, hippuric acid, salicylic acid, anthranilic acid, ketoprofen, naproxen and ibuprofen have been successfully extracted using the proposed support. Better enrichment factors were obtained for the acidic polar analytes than for the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds (ranging from 118 for hippuric acid and 20 for ibuprofen). Electromembrane extraction was developed applying a DC voltage of 100 V, 1-octanol as supported liquid membrane and 20 min of extraction. The target analytes have also been satisfactorily extracted from human urine samples, providing high extraction efficiencies. The chitosan membrane is presented as a promising alternative for supporting liquid membrane compared to commonly used materials for this purpose.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (MEC). España CTM2015–67902-C-1-