BOWLING ARM MECHANICS IN CRICKET

The purpose of this study was to identify the biomechanics of the bowling arm in fast bowlers in cricket. A sample of 34 fast bowlers was divided into four speed groups. A 3D motion analysis system was used to track and analyse the motion trajectory of forty-eight reflective markers placed on each subject to determine the kinematics of segment joint centres. Ground reaction forces were measured with a force platform. These data were used as input to a 3D 15-segment inverse solution model of the human body, which used a Newton-lagrange multiplier iterative method to generate the dynamic equations of motion. The calculations show that the bowling arm segments undergo a sequence of active and controlled motion during the power phase, which tends to vary bowling speed

Genetic architecture of human plasma lipidome and its link to cardiovascular disease

Abstract Understanding genetic architecture of plasma lipidome could provide better insights into lipid metabolism and its link to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Here, we perform genome-wide association analyses of 141 lipid species (n = 2,181 individuals), followed by phenome-wide scans with 25 CVD related phenotypes (n = 511,700 individuals). We identify 35 lipid-species-associated loci (P <5 ×10−8), 10 of which associate with CVD risk including five new loci-COL5A1, GLTPD2, SPTLC3, MBOAT7 and GALNT16 (false discovery rate<0.05). We identify loci for lipid species that are shown to predict CVD e.g., SPTLC3 for CER(d18:1/24:1). We show that lipoprotein lipase (LPL) may more efficiently hydrolyze medium length triacylglycerides (TAGs) than others. Polyunsaturated lipids have highest heritability and genetic correlations, suggesting considerable genetic regulation at fatty acids levels. We find low genetic correlations between traditional lipids and lipid species. Our results show that lipidomic profiles capture information beyond traditional lipids and identify genetic variants modifying lipid levels and risk of CVD