The Dynamics of Globular Clusters and Elliptical Galaxies

Equations of motion are generated for an idealised model spherical galaxy or globular cluster evolving from the epoch of galactic separation until it attains a semi-equilibrium state through gravitational collapse. The theoretical radial surface density is computed and compared with two globular clusters, M15 and M80, and shows a good fit to observational data. The model is contrasted with King's model, and mean cycle time and velocity are computed. The velocity-radius curve is developed, and Gaussian RMS values derived from which half-light radius vs. mass are plotted for 735 spherical objects, including 544 normal ellipticals and compact, massive, and intermediate mass objects. These latter show a linear mean log-log $R-M_{vir}$ slope of ${0.604\pm0.003}$, equivalent to a Faber-Jackson slope of $\gamma=3.66{\pm}0.009$ over a mass range of 7 decades. and a slope of $0.0045\pm0.0001$ on a semi-log plot of $R_{1/2}-\sigma$. Globular clusters, dwarf elliptical and dwarf spherical galaxies show a distinct anomaly on these plots, consistent with the ellipticals containing a supermassive black hole (SMBH) whose mass increases as the velocity dispersion increases, compared with the remaining types of spherical or irregular galaxies without a massive core.Comment: Submitted to MNRAS. 11 pages, 12 figures. Revised Fig 1

Obervational Model for Microarcsecond Astrometry with the Space Interferometry Mission

The Space Interferometry Mission (SIM) is a space-based long-baseline optical interferometer for precision astrometry. One of the primary objectives of the SIM instrument is to accurately determine the directions to a grid of stars, together with their proper motions and parallaxes, improving a priori knowledge by nearly three orders of magnitude. The basic astrometric observable of the instrument is the pathlength delay, a measurement made by a combination of internal metrology measurements that determine the distance the starlight travels through the two arms of the interferometer and a measurement of the white light stellar fringe to find the point of equal pathlength. Because this operation requires a non--negligible integration time to accurately measure the stellar fringe position, the interferometer baseline vector is not stationary over this time period, as its absolute length and orientation are time--varying. This conflicts with the consistency condition necessary for extracting the astrometric parameters which requires a stationary baseline vector. This paper addresses how the time-varying baseline is ``regularized'' so that it may act as a single baseline vector for multiple stars, and thereby establishing the fundamental operation of the instrument.Comment: 24 pages, 6 figure

Hidden Cues in Random Line Stereograms

Successful fusion of random-line stereograms with breaks in the vernier acuity range has been interpreted to suggest that the interpolation process underlying hyperacuity is parallel and preliminary to stereomatching. In this paper (a) we demonstrate with computer experiments that vernier cues are not needed to solve the stereomatching problem posed by these stereograms and (b) we provide psychophysical evidence that human stereopsis probably does not use vernier cues alone to achieve fusion of these random-line stereograms.MIT Artificial Intelligence Laborator

Speeding up gate operations through dissipation

It is commonly believed that decoherence is the main obstacle to quantum information processing. In contrast to this, we show how decoherence in the form of dissipation can improve the performance of certain quantum gates. As an example we consider the realisations of a controlled phase gate and a two-qubit SWAP operation with the help of a single laser pulse in atom-cavity systems. In the presence of spontaneous decay rates, the speed of the gates can be improved by a factor 2 without sacrificing high fidelity and robustness against parameter fluctuations. Even though this leads to finite gate failure rates, the scheme is comparable with other quantum computing proposals

HLW Canister and Can-In-Canister Drop Calculation

The purpose of this calculation is to evaluate the structural response of the standard high-level waste (HLW) canister and the HLW canister containing the cans of immobilized plutonium (''can-in-canister'' throughout this document) to the drop event during the handling operation. The objective of the calculation is to provide the structure parameter information to support the canister design and the waste handling facility design. Finite element solution is performed using the commercially available ANSYS Version (V) 5.4 finite element code. Two-dimensional (2-D) axisymmetric and three-dimensional (3-D) finite element representations for the standard HLW canister and the can-in-canister are developed and analyzed using the dynamic solver

Calculation of the Naval Long and Short Waste Package Three-Dimensional Thermal Interface Temperatures

The purpose of this calculation is to evaluate the thermal performance of the Naval Long and Naval Short spent nuclear fuel (SNF) waste packages (WP) in the repository emplacement drift. The scope of this calculation is limited to the determination of the temperature profiles upon the surfaces of the Naval Long and Short SNF waste package for up to 10,000 years of emplacement. The temperatures on the top of the outside surface of the naval canister are the thermal interfaces for the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program (NNPP). The results of this calculation are intended to support Licensing Application design activities

Waste Package Lifting Calculation

The objective of this calculation is to evaluate the structural response of the waste package during the horizontal and vertical lifting operations in order to support the waste package lifting feature design. The scope of this calculation includes the evaluation of the 21 PWR UCF (pressurized water reactor uncanistered fuel) waste package, naval waste package, 5 DHLW/DOE SNF (defense high-level waste/Department of Energy spent nuclear fuel)--short waste package, and 44 BWR (boiling water reactor) UCF waste package. Procedure AP-3.12Q, Revision 0, ICN 0, calculations, is used to develop and document this calculation