Beyond rescue: Implementation and evaluation of revised naloxone training for law enforcement officers

ObjectiveThis study describes the implementation and evaluation of revised opioid overdose prevention and education of naloxone training for law enforcement officers (LEOs) that added: (1) a recovery testimony and (2) the process for deputy‐initiated referrals postnaloxone administration.Design and SampleEvaluation regarding the naloxone training included a pre‐ and postopioid overdose knowledge surveys (N = 114) and subsequent 1‐year postnaloxone training outcomes.ResultsPre‐ and posttest scores for all knowledge outcome measures were statistically significant (p < .001) with favorable comments pertaining to the recovery testimony. Out of 31 individuals who received naloxone, 6 individuals (19.4%) continue to be in treatment or received some treatment services. The most common symptoms reported were unconsciousness/unresponsiveness (40.5%), abnormal breathing patterns (24.3%), and blue lips (16.2%). The majority of the calls (65.6%) were to a residential area, and the time for naloxone revival ranged <1–10 min (M = 3.48; SD = 2.27).ConclusionAs nearly 20% of individuals sought treatment after a LEO‐initiated referral, it is recommended that other agencies consider the referral process into the training. Future research will investigate the impact of the recovery testimony in reducing the stigma of addiction.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/139953/1/phn12365_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/139953/2/phn12365.pd

Vasa praevia: ultrasound diagnosis at the mid-trimester scan

Background: Vasa praevia is a condition in which fetal vessels, unsupported by the umbilical cord or placenta, run on the fetal membranes in the lower uterine segment near the cervix. Rupture of these vessels prior to or at the time of delivery is associated with a very high perinatal mortality rate. Antenatal diagnosis of this condition with ultrasound is readily available, alters management and significantly decreases the risk of fetal loss. Materials and methods: We describe our experience of diagnosing vasa praevia at a tertiary referral ultrasound centre. The ultrasound characteristics that led to the diagnosis of vasa praevia and associated risk factors will be discussed. A guide to aid sonographers when performing an obstetric examination to help screen for this condition has been included. Conclusions: Where suspicion of vasa praevia is raised, and cannot be ruled out on transvaginal ultrasound, a third trimester scan is required

Swarms of diversity at the gene cox1 in Antarctic krill

The Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, is an abundant and key species found in the Southern Ocean that forms dense, discrete swarms. Despite over three decades of research on Antarctic krill, the genetics of individual swarms is yet to be specifically investigated. In this study, we address the genetic diversity, population structure and demographic history of nine Antarctic krill swarms by sequencing 1173 bases of the gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1, COI) from 504 individuals. Both haplotype diversity (h=0.9974–1.0000) and nucleotide diversity (π=0.010275–0.011537) of Antarctic krill swarm samples was consistently high compared with populations of other species reported in the literature. Analysis of molecular variance did not show any significant genetic structure, thus implying that the sampled swarms do not appear to reflect discrete genetic units. Fu's Fs and Bayesian Skyride analyses provided strong evidence for a large increase in the population size of Antarctic krill, or selection favouring a particular mitochondrial lineage, within the last few 100 000 years (Pleistocene). The swarm-level results presented in this study not only further our understanding of Antarctic krill biology but, because of the economical importance of this species, also provide data to consider for future krill stock management