XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF PISTACIA LENTISCUS L. LEAVES EXTRACTS

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the inhibition of the xanthine oxydase (XO) by the crude extract of Pistacia lentiscus L. leaves and their subsequent fractions (chloroformic, ethyl acetate, butanolic and aqueous) in order to find a natural substitute which could have a superior effect of inhibiting XO activity and can be used as an alternative to allopurinol witch is used in therapeutic and clinical management of gout.Methods: The degree of XO inhibitory activity was determined by measuring the absorbance spectrophotometrically at 295 nm, which is associated with uric acid formation. The different extracts were subjected to chemical screening for preliminary identification of the secondary metabolites. Phenolic acids and flavonoids detected were quantitatively determined.Results: The results have shown that the crude and ethyl acetate extracts were found to have XO inhibitory activity reaching more than 50 % at a concentration of 100 mg/mL (ethyl acetate fraction with 60.2 %, Necessary concentration to inhibe 50% of xanthine oxidase (IC50) = 2.50, the crude with 55.3 %, IC50 = 2.57), for the butanolic fraction the inhibition reaches 17.5 %, the aqueous 15.4 % and chloroformic 4.5 %.The comparison was also made with a positive control allopurinol at a concentration of 100μg/mL. The result shows a slight difference, allopurinol has exhibited the highest XO inhibitory activity (71.8 %).The phytochemical tests show various fluorescence, the quantitative dosage of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids shows respectively a quantities of 246.7 mg gallic acid equivalent (GA) eq /g and 70.9 mg catechin equivalent (Cat) eq /g of lyophilized powder for the crude extract.Conclusion: These results suggest that the crude and ethyl acetate extracts of Pistacia lentiscus leaves can be used as an alternative to allopurinol due to their high inhibition activity of XO. Â

Detailed phytochemical characterization and bioactive properties of: Myrtus nivelii Batt & Trab

The endemic Algerian myrtle, Myrtus nivelii Batt & Trab., was evaluated for its bioactive properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and antibacterial activities, and correlated with the individual phenolic compounds identified in its crude aqueous extract and subsequent organic fractions (ethyl acetate and butanol). Flavonols, such as myricetin, kaempferol and quercetin glycoside derivatives, were the major phenolic compounds found, along with the presence of ellagitannins. The ethyl acetate fraction contained the highest amount of phenolic compounds, followed by the butanol fraction and, finally, the crude aqueous extract. In general, all samples exhibited an excellent bioactivity, namely the ethyl acetate fraction that presented strong antioxidant activity, when compared to the standard trolox, strong cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity, especially against MRSA and MSSA. The present study revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction of M. nivelii could be used as a source of bioactive compounds in the food and pharmaceutical industries.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2013), L. Barros contract and S. Heleno (SFRH/BPD/101413/2014) grant. We greatly acknowledge the MESRS of Algeria for the financial support that allowed us to complete the internship period at the IPB in the PNE program. The authors are also grateful to the Interreg España-Portugal for financial support through the project 0377_Iberphenol_6_E).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS screening of phytochemical compounds and the bioactive properties of different plant parts of: Zizyphus lotus (L.) Desf.

Zizyphus lotus L. (Desf.) has been widely used as a homemade ingredient to treat numerous diseases in Algerian folk medicine. In this context, decoction, infusion and hydroethanolic extracts were prepared from the branches, leaves, roots, and stem barks. The extracts were characterized regarding their phytochemical composition by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn and were assessed for in vitro bioactivity (cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory activity, and antibacterial activity). A total of 29 compounds (flavonoid derivatives and secoiridoids) were identified in Z. lotus, 15 being detected in leaves, 10 in branches, 5 in roots and 7 in stem barks. The highest contents of these compounds, especially secoiridoids, were detected in branches followed by leaves, oleuropein being the main compound detected in leaves and oleoside in branches. The aqueous preparations of the leaves and root barks revealed the highest cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory potential. On the other hand, as for the antibacterial activity, the hydroethanolic extract of the branches showed the highest potential, especially against the MSSA strain. Hence, the chemical diversity found in Z. lotus makes it a source of bioactive ingredients that can be applied in the formulations of different ingredients in the food and pharmaceutical industries.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Program PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2019); to the national funding by FCT, P. I., through the institutional scientific employment program-contract for L. Barros and R. Calhelha and through the individual scientific employment program-contract for S. A. Heleno; to the University of Mostaganem and MESRS of Algeria for the financial support that allowed to achieve this work; and also to the Interreg España-Portugal for financial support through the project 0377_Iberphenol_6_E.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Phytochemical analysis and assessment of antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties of Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Masters leaves

Tetraclinis is an unexplored genus recognized for its great bioactive potential that could be explored as a medicinal herb. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties of the aqueous crude extract and subsequent organic fractions of the Algerian medicinal plant T. articulata. Moreover, polyphenols were also fully profiled by liquid chromatography with diode-array detection coupled to electrospray ionization in tandem with mass spectrometry (LC–DAD–ESI–MSn). The analysis of the obtained results show that B-type (epi)catechin dimer and catechin were the most abundant phenolic compounds present among the nine different flavonoids identified such as: ((epi)catechin, myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol glycoside derivatives). The concentration of phenolic compounds in the ethyl acetate fraction (93.1 mg/g extract) was higher than the one of the aqueous extract (21.2 mg/g extract) and butanol fraction (43.87 mg/g extract). Furthermore, the ethyl acetate fraction revealed the strongest bioactive properties, revealing the lowest EC50/GI50 values: anti-inflammatory (EC50 129.67 μg/mL), cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines (GI50, 59–189 μg/mL), antibacterial (MIC, 0.625–10 mg/mL); and especially the antioxidant capacity (EC50 values lower than 12.7 μg/mL), even higher than the standard (Trolox). The results showed a great bioactive potential for this species, with a significant contribution of flavonoid compounds, which makes it an interesting matrix in the development of novel pharmaceutical formulations.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Solenanthus lanatus DC. with acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity

The whole plant ethanolic extract of Solenanthus lanatus was used for the isolation of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. A new pyrrolizidine alkaloid, 7-O-angeloylechinatine N-oxide, 1, was isolated together with three known compounds of the same class (3′-O-acetylheliosupine N-oxide, 2, heliosupine N-oxide, 3, and heliosupine, 4), by bioassayguided approach. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. All the isolated compounds showed inhibition activity against the AChE, with IC50 0.53–0.60 mM

First study on the pyrrolizidine alkaloids of Pardoglossum cheirifolium (L.) E.Barbier & Mathez.. GC-MS analysis of their volatile components in the whole plant

In this work, the first study on the pyrrolizidine alkaloids content of Pardoglossum cheirifolium (L.) E.Barbier & Mathez. was reported. The studied exemplar was collected in Algeria and the analysis was carried out by means of GC-MS on the crude base extract deriving from the whole plant. Nine compounds were tentatively identified and they all represent new phytochemicals at the species level. Their presence confirms the botanical classification of the plant as a member of the Boraginaceae family. In addition, it points out some interesting chemosystematic relations within the family

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Echium confusum Coincy

Four pyrrolizidine alkaloids, namely 7-O-angeloyllycopsamine N-oxide 1, echimidine N-oxide 2, echimidine 3 and 7-O-angeloylretronecine 4, were isolated for the first time from the whole plant ethanolic extract of Echium confusum Coincy, through bioassay-guided approach. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic means. All the isolates compounds showed moderate activities in inhibiting AChE, with IC50 0.276–0.769

Phytochemical profiles, antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterasic activities of the leaf extracts of Rhamnus lycioides subsp. oleoides (L.) Jahand. & Maire in different solvents

In this work, the extracts obtained with different solvents from the leaves of Rhamnus lycioides subsp. oleoides (L.) Jahand. & Maire were studied for their phytochemical profile and then for their antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. The phytochemical profiles of the extracts in n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, anthraquinone rich and water, showed the presence of different compounds belonging to several classes of natural products such as flavonoids, anthraquinones, saccharides and fatty acids. For what concerns the biological tests, the ethyl acetate, methanol and anthraquinone rich extracts showed the highest activities in both assays due to the high amount of compounds possessing those properties such as flavonoids and anthraquinones. By consequence, these specific extracts of the species may be considered to be potential sources of natural antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterasic compounds

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Pardoglossum cheirifolium

The ethanolic extract derived from the whole plant of Pardoglossum cheirifolium was submitted to phytochemical investigation. A new pyrrolizidine alkaloid, 3′-O-acetylleptanthine N-oxide (1), was isolated together with three known compounds of the same class, i.e., heliosupine N-oxide (2), heliosupine (3), and heliovicine (4). The structure of the new compound was elucidated after extensive mono- and bidimensional NMR experiments and confirmed by a MS experiment