Needed skills versus available skills: an assessment tool is launched

Economic development often founders on a mismatch between available workforce skills and companies’ needs. A tool that analyzes critical sets of labor market data not previously considered in tandem can help local governments improve planning.Labor market ; Labor market - Massachusetts ; Occupational training ; Occupational training - Massachusetts

Assessing the Olympics: Preliminary Economic Analysis of a Boston 2024 Games Impacts, Opportunities and Risks

The possibility of hosting the Summer Games is sparking significant debate in our community about the potential benefits, costs, and risks associated with hosting the Olympics. With these debates in mind, the Boston Foundation (TBF) commissioned the Economic and Public Policy Research group (EPPR) at the UMass Donahue Institute (UMDI) to perform a detailed economic impact assessment of Boston's proposed 2024 Olympic bid. While the Boston 2024 proposal is a working document and should be thought of as a "proof of concept" rather than a concrete plan, there are still several components of the proposal that can be evaluated at this time. The following report contributes to the public discourse by providing a preliminary assessment of the quantitative short-term economic impacts of hosting the 2024 Summer Olympic Games in Boston. In addition, this report highlights several of the potential opportunities, challenges, and risks associated with hosting the Olympic Games that are difficult to quantifiably measure at this time, but require further attention as the Olympic bid evolves over the next couple of years

The Effects of Vilazodone, YL-0919, and Vortioxetine in L-DOPA Treated Hemiparkinsonian Rats

Parkinson\u27s Disease (PD) is a debilitating, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor symptoms, including bradykinesia, tremor, stiffness, and postural instability, that result from significant nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) loss. The current gold standard treatment for PD involves replacement therapy via the DA precursor L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA); however, 90% of patients eventually experience choreic and dystonic side effects termed L-DOPA induced dyskinesia (LID). A key driver of LID is neuroplasticity within the serotonin (5-HT) system leading to the unregulated release of L-DOPA derived DA from 5-HT terminals into the striatum. Previous work has implicated the dual action of 5-HT1A receptor agonism and 5-HT transporter (SERT) blockade as an effective therapeutic method for attenuating LID. The present study examined 3 purportedly similar pharmacological drugs, Vilazodone, YL-0919, and Vortioxetine, that act as 5-HT1A agonists and SERT blockers. Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats received unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) to deplete DA neurons. Thereafter they received 2 weeks of L-DOPA treatment until they developed stable abnormal involuntary movement (AIMs) akin to LID. Rats were also assessed for motor performance with the forepaw adjusting steps (FAS) test. Results revealed that Vilazodone and Vortioxetine significantly reduced AIMs and maintained L-DOPA beneficial prokinetic effects. In contrast, YL-0919 unexpectedly had no effect on LID though it did maintain L-DOPA motor performance. Overall, these findings support pharmacological targets within the 5-HT system that reduce LID. They also provide evidence for unique features of Vilazodone and Vortioxetine, both FDA approved compounds, as potential adjunct therapeutics for LID management in PD patients.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2021/1090/thumbnail.jp

Message-Passing Methods for Complex Contagions

Message-passing methods provide a powerful approach for calculating the expected size of cascades either on random networks (e.g., drawn from a configuration-model ensemble or its generalizations) asymptotically as the number $N$ of nodes becomes infinite or on specific finite-size networks. We review the message-passing approach and show how to derive it for configuration-model networks using the methods of (Dhar et al., 1997) and (Gleeson, 2008). Using this approach, we explain for such networks how to determine an analytical expression for a "cascade condition", which determines whether a global cascade will occur. We extend this approach to the message-passing methods for specific finite-size networks (Shrestha and Moore, 2014; Lokhov et al., 2015), and we derive a generalized cascade condition. Throughout this chapter, we illustrate these ideas using the Watts threshold model.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figure

The Greater Boston Housing Report Card 2021 Pandemic Housing Policy: From Progress to Permanence

The COVID-19 pandemic brought so many intense social, economic and public health challenges it is easy to think that the pandemic has "changed everything" with respect to housing. This year's edition of the Greater Boston Housing Report Card suggests the opposite: The region's most difficult long-term housing challenges are not only still with us, but have been compounded by recent events, and bold federal, state and local policy changes are as badly needed as ever.This report includes extensive economic and housing data from the five counties that comprise the Greater Boston region and includes analysis and policy recommendations in three general areas: economic health, housing stability, and housing supply and sustainability

Thermal structure of a gas-permeable lava dome and timescale separation in its response to perturbation

The thermal boundary layer at the surface of a volcanic lava dome is investigated through a continuum model of the thermodynamic advection diffusion processes resulting from magmatic gas flow through the dome matrix. The magmatic gas mass flux, porosity and permeability of the rock are identified as key parameters. New, theoretical, nonlinear steady-state thermal profiles are reported which give a realistic surface temperature of 210 degC for a region of lava dome surface through which a gas flux of 3.5 x 10-3 kg s-1 m-2 passes. This contrasts favourably with earlier purely diffusive thermal models, which cool too quickly. Results are presented for time-dependent perturbations of the steady states as a response to: changes in surface pressure, a sudden rockfall from the lava dome surface, and a change in the magmatic gas mass flux at depth. Together with a generalized analysis using the method of multiple scales, this identifies two characteristic time scales associated with the thermal evolution of a dome carapace: a short time scale of several minutes, over which the magmatic gas mass flux, density, and pressure change to a new quasi-steady-state, and a longer time scale of several days, over which the thermal profile changes to a new equilibrium distribution. Over the longer time scale the dynamic properties of the dome continue to evolve, but only in slavish response to the ongoing temperature evolution. In the light of this time scale separation, the use of surface temperature measurements to infer changes in the magmatic gas flux for use in volcanic hazard prediction is discussed

Excitability in a quantum dot semiconductor laser with optical injection

We experimentally analyze the dynamics of a quantum dot semiconductor laser operating under optical injection. We observe the appearance of single- and double-pulse excitability at one boundary of the locking region. Theoretical considerations show that these pulses are related to a saddle-node bifurcation on a limit cycle as in the Adler equation. The double pulses are related to a period-doubling bifurcation and occur on the same homoclinic curve as the single pulses

Triggering of a volcanic dome collapse by rainwater infiltration

The thermodynamic processes in a one-dimensional model of a porous lava dome are considered in the presence of a rising magmatic gas flux through the void spaces and rainfall interacting with the dome surface. The steady state surface temperature of the dome depends on both magmatic gas mass flux and rainfall rate. A critical rainfall rate is determined, that cools the dome surface to 100°C. Rainfall rates above this critical value allow liquid infiltration into the void spaces of the dome, thus restricting the escape of magmatic gas. A model which restricts the gas flow through the surface predicts internal gas pressures much higher than the overburden pressure in the top few meters, approximately one hour after the onset of rainfall. For a marginally stable dome, this could cause small Vulcanian explosions, which (depending on their location) could trigger a dome collapse, on a timescale consistent with observations

Case Report : Supernormal Vascular Aging in Leningrad Siege Survivors

Age-related changes in the vascular system play an important role in the biological age and lifespan of a person and maybe affected from an early age onward. One of the indicators of changes in the vascular system is arterial wall stiffness and its main measure, i.e., carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). We examined arterial wall stiffness in a sample of 305 Leningrad Siege survivors to assess how hunger and stressful conditions during fetal development and early childhood affected the state of the cardiovascular system at a later age and what factors may neutralize the negative impact sustained in early childhood. Here, we presented an evaluation of two unique patients with supernormal vascular aging (SUPERNOVA) phenotype from this cohort and described the details of congruence between hereditary resistance and practiced lifestyle yielding slower biological aging rate.Peer reviewe

Representation and parsing of multiword expressions: Current trends

This book consists of contributions related to the definition, representation and parsing of MWEs. These reflect current trends in the representation and processing of MWEs. They cover various categories of MWEs such as verbal, adverbial and nominal MWEs, various linguistic frameworks (e.g. tree-based and unification-based grammars), various languages including English, French, Modern Greek, Hebrew, Norwegian), and various applications (namely MWE detection, parsing, automatic translation) using both symbolic and statistical approaches