Estonians in Canada: identity in Salme Ekbaum’s novel Külaliseks on ootus

The present thesis analyses Salme Ekbaum’s novel Külaliseks on ootus in an attempt to explicate the problems that immigrants have with accommodating to a new country and identifying themselves. The main aim of the thesis is to find out the reasons for the two protagonists’ personal identity issues and determine what facilitates and complicates their process of adaption to Canadian society. The thesis consists of four parts: the introduction, two chapters and the conclusion. The introduction gives an overview of Estonian literature in Canada and states the importance of Ekbaum’s novel from the diasporic as well as the Canadian perspective. It introduces the author and the main characters in the novel Külaliseks on ootus. It also presents the research questions and defines the terms migration trauma and liminality.https://www.ester.ee/record=b5375280*es

Aiad, poogad, vammused : esemekollektsioon Muhu vammuse ja Muhu vanemat tüüpi tikandi põhjal

Diplomitöö „Aiad. Poogad. Vammused. Esemekollektsioon Muhu vammuse ja Muhu vanemat tüüpi tikandi põhjal“ praktilise osa eesmärgiks oli valmistada kaasaegne vammuste kollektsioon. Inspiratsiooniallikana on kasutatud Muhu vammust ja Muhu vanemat tüüpi lilltikandi motiive. Vammusekollektsiooni kavandamisele eelnes töö esemetega Muhu Muuseumis ning vestlused kohalike elanikega, kirjandusallikatega tutvumine. Töö kirjalik osa koosneb neljast peatükist. Esimeses peatükis kirjeldatakse kultuuri muutumist 19. sajandi lõpul – 20. sajandi algusperioodil ja rahvakultuuri, sealhulgas rõivaelementide arengut ning sel ajajärgul toimunud muutuste võimalikke põhjuseid. Teise ja kolmanda peatüki moodustavad Muhu tikandite ja vammuste kirjeldamine. Neljas peatükk annab ülevaate esemekollektsioonist, lõputöö loov-praktilisest osast. Kirjeldatakse viie vammuse valmimist ja detaile ning lõigetele tehtud kohandusi, vammustele kaunistuselementide lisamist. Mustrite stiili ja motiivide aluseks on kahekümne aia tikandid. Töös on esitatud vammuse lõike muutmise joonised, fotomaterjal Muhu vanemat tüüpi tikandist ja valminud esemekollektsioonisthttp://www.ester.ee/record=b4674389*es

Administrative Order in Estonia during the German Occupation in 1941–1944

Teise maailmasõja aegne Saksa okupatsioon on olulisel määral kujundanud Eesti lähiajalugu ja inimeste suhtumist ning arusaama sellesse. Samas on perioodi käsitlemine akadeemilises ajalooteaduses olnud seni äärmiselt tagasihoidlik. Käesolev uurimus analüüsib Saksamaa totalitaarse süsteemi administratiivõiguse käsitust okupeeritud Eesti halduskorralduse näite varal, tuues võrdlusi sündmustega Lätis ja Leedus. Eesti ei osalenud riigina Teises maailmasõjas, kuid sellegi poolest tegutsesid Eestis haldusvõimu taastamisel Saksa sõjaväe- ja tsiviilasutuste kõrval kolm selgelt eristuvat omamaist osapoolt. Jüri Uluotsa ümber kogunenud rahvuslikud poliitringkonnad ja omaalgatuslikult tegevust taastavad kohalikud omavalitsused lähtusid oma tegevuses Eesti Vabariigi seadusandlusest. Kolmanda osapoole moodustasid Hjalmar Mäe ümber koondunud saksasõbralikud tegelased (hilisem nn Eesti Omavalitsus), kes tegutsesid otseselt Saksa võimude usaldusisikutena. Neist kaks, kohalikud omavalitsused ja H. Mäe juhitud Eesti Omavalitsus, kujundati ka formaalselt Saksa tsiviilhalduse täitevvõimu asutusteks. Sõja kestel välja kuulutatud reformid deklareerisid halduskorralduse lihtsustamist ja otsustusprotsessi viimist madalale tasemele. Tegelikkuses toimus riigivõimu edasine tsentraliseerimine ning Eestis toimivat halduskorraldust asuti ühtlustama Reichis kehtiva korraga.The German occupation during the Second World War has had a significant effect in shaping Estonia’s recent history and people’s attitudes towards and understanding of that history. At the same time, the treatment of this period in academic historical research has been extremely modest thus far. This dissertation analyses how Germany’s totalitarian system treated administrative law according to the example of the administrative order in occupied Estonia, with comparisons to events in Latvia and Lithuania. Estonia did not participate as a country in the Second World War, yet three clearly distinct local groups were nevertheless active alongside German military and civilian institutions in restoring administrative authority in Estonia. Nationalist political circles that assembled around Jüri Uluots, and local governments that began functioning again on their own initiative based their actions on legislation of the Republic of Estonia. The third participating group was formed by pro-German figures (the later so called Estonian Self-Administration) who assembled around Hjalmar Mäe and acted directly as the confidants of the German authorities. Two of these groups, the local governments and the Estonian Self-Administration headed by H. Mäe, were also formally formed into institutions of executive power in the German civilian administration. Reforms announced during the war declared the simplification of the administrative order and that the decision-making process was being brought to a lower, more local level. In actual fact, the continued centralisation of state power took place and the authorities set about harmonising the administrative order functioning in Estonia with the order in effect in the Reich

Mechanical ventilation worsens abdominal edema and inflammation in porcine endotoxemia

INTRODUCTION: We hypothesized that mechanical ventilation per se increases abdominal edema and inflammation in sepsis and tested this in experimental endotoxemia. METHODS: Thirty anesthetized piglets were allocated to one of five groups: healthy control pigs breathing spontaneously with continuous positive pressure of 5 cm H(2)O or mechanically ventilated with positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 cm H(2)O, and endotoxemic piglets during mechanical ventilation for 2.5 hours and then continued on mechanical ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure of either 5 or 15 cm H(2)O or switched to spontaneous breathing with continuous positive pressure of 5 cm H(2)O for another 2.5 hours. Abdominal edema formation was estimated by isotope technique, and inflammatory markers were measured in liver, intestine, lung, and plasma. RESULTS: Healthy controls: 5 hours of spontaneous breathing did not increase abdominal fluid, whereas mechanical ventilation did (Normalized Index increased from 1.0 to 1.6; 1 to 3.3 (median and range, P < 0.05)). Endotoxemic animals: Normalized Index increased almost sixfold after 5 hours of mechanical ventilation (5.9; 4.9 to 6.9; P < 0.05) with twofold increase from 2.5 to 5 hours whether positive end-expiratory pressure was 5 or 15, but only by 40% with spontaneous breathing (P < 0.05 versus positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 or 15 cm H(2)O). Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 in intestine and liver were 2 to 3 times higher with mechanical ventilation than during spontaneous breathing (P < 0.05) but similar in plasma and lung. Abdominal edema formation and TNF-α in intestine correlated inversely with abdominal perfusion pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Mechanical ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure increases abdominal edema and inflammation in intestine and liver in experimental endotoxemia by increasing systemic capillary leakage and impeding abdominal lymph drainage

Filmi lõiminguline käsitlemine gümnaasiumi eesti keele kursusel "Meedia ja mõjutamine" Elmo Nüganeni filmi "1944" näitel

http://www.ester.ee/record=b4575184*es