Validation of predictive equations to estimate resting metabolic rate of females and males across different activity levels

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors are sincerely grateful to all the volunteers involved in this experimental study. This research was performed in the Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory (Dept. of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA). OPN is funded by a Virginia Tech Presidential Postdoctoral Fellowship, KHR by a Virginia Tech Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Predoctoral Fellow-ship, and GZR is funded by Next Generation EU funds Margarita Salas Postdoctoral Fellowship. FUNDING INFORMATION OPN is funded by a Virginia Tech Presidential Postdoctoral Fellowship, and KHR by a Virginia Tech Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Predoctoral FellowshipPeer reviewedPublisher PD

Validity of predictive equations for total energy expenditure against doubly labeled water

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Prediabetes Phenotype Influences Improvements in Glucose Homeostasis with Resistance Training

<div><p>Purpose</p><p>To determine if prediabetes phenotype influences improvements in glucose homeostasis with resistance training (RT).</p><p>Methods</p><p>Older, overweight individuals with prediabetes (n = 159; aged 60±5 yrs; BMI 33±4 kg/m²) completed a supervised RT program twice per week for 12 weeks. Body weight and composition, strength, fasting plasma glucose, 2-hr oral glucose tolerance, and Matsuda-Defronza estimated insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were assessed before and after the intervention. Participants were categorized according to their baseline prediabetes phenotype as impaired fasting glucose only (IFG) (n = 73), impaired glucose tolerance only (IGT) (n = 21), or combined IFG and IGT (IFG/IGT) (n = 65).</p><p>Results</p><p>Chest press and leg press strength increased 27% and 18%, respectively, following the 12-week RT program (both <i>p</i><0.05). Waist circumference (-1.0%; pre 109.3±10.3 cm, post 108.2±10.6 cm) and body fat (-0.6%; pre 43.7±6.8%, post 43.1±6.8%) declined, and lean body mass (+1.3%; pre 52.0±10.4 kg, post 52.7±10.7 kg) increased following the intervention. Fasting glucose concentrations did not change (<i>p</i>>0.05) following the intervention. However, 2-hr oral glucose tolerance improved in those with IGT (pre 8.94±0.72 mmol/l, post 7.83±1.11 mmol/l, <i>p</i><0.05) and IFG/IGT (pre 9.66±1.11mmol/l, post 8.60±2.00 mmol/l) but not in those with IFG (pre 6.27±1.28mmol/l, post 6.33± 1.55 mmol/l). There were no significant changes in ISI or glucose area under the curve following the RT program.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>RT without dietary intervention improves 2-hr oral glucose tolerance in individuals with prediabetes. However, the improvements in glucose homeostasis with RT appear limited to those with IGT or combined IFG and IGT.</p><p>Trial Registration</p><p>ClinicalTrials.gov: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01112709" target="_blank">NCT01112709</a></p></div

Strength, anthropometric variables, and body composition at baseline and after a 12-week resistance training program in the three different prediabetes phenotypes.

<p>Strength, anthropometric variables, and body composition at baseline and after a 12-week resistance training program in the three different prediabetes phenotypes.</p

Habitual physical activity and dietary intake at baseline and after a 12-week resistance training program in the three different prediabetes phenotypes.

<p>Habitual physical activity and dietary intake at baseline and after a 12-week resistance training program in the three different prediabetes phenotypes.</p

Fasting glucose, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance, estimated insulin sensitivity index, and plasma glucose area under the curve at baseline and after a 12-week resistance training program in the three prediabetes phenotypes.

<p>Fasting glucose, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance, estimated insulin sensitivity index, and plasma glucose area under the curve at baseline and after a 12-week resistance training program in the three prediabetes phenotypes.</p

Resist diabetes: A randomized clinical trial for resistance training maintenance in adults with prediabetes

<div><p>Objective</p><p>To determine whether a social cognitive theory (SCT)-based intervention improves resistance training (RT) maintenance and strength, and reduces prediabetes prevalence.</p><p>Research design and methods</p><p>Sedentary, overweight/obese (BMI: 25–39.9 kg/m²) adults aged 50–69 (N = 170) with prediabetes participated in the 15-month trial. Participants completed a supervised 3-month RT (2×/wk) phase and were randomly assigned (N = 159) to one of two 6-month maintenance conditions: SCT or standard care. Participants continued RT at a self-selected facility. The final 6-month period involved no contact. Assessments occurred at baseline and months 3, 9, and 15. The SCT faded-contact intervention consisted of nine tailored transition (i.e., supervised training to training alone) and nine follow-up sessions. Standard care involved six generic follow-up sessions. Primary outcomes were prevalence of normoglycemia and muscular strength.</p><p>Results</p><p>The retention rate was 76%. Four serious adverse events were reported. After 3 months of RT, 34% of participants were no longer prediabetic. This prevalence of normoglycemia was maintained through month 15 (30%), with no group difference. There was an 18% increase in the odds of being normoglycemic for each % increase in fat-free mass. Increases in muscular strength were evident at month 3 and maintained through month 15 (P<0.001), which represented improvements of 21% and 14% for chest and leg press, respectively. Results did not demonstrate a greater reduction in prediabetes prevalence in the SCT condition.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Resistance training is an effective, maintainable strategy for reducing prediabetes prevalence and increasing muscular strength. Future research which promotes RT initiation and maintenance in clinical and community settings is warranted.</p><p>Trial Registration</p><p>ClinicalTrials.gov <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01112709" target="_blank">NCT01112709</a>.</p></div