6 research outputs found
The functional locus of emotion effects in visual word processing
Die emotionale Valenz von Wörtern beeinflusst deren kognitive Verarbeitung. UngeklĂ€rt ist, obwohl von zentraler Bedeutung fĂŒr die Disziplinen der Psycholinguistik und der Neurowissenschaften, die Frage nach dem funktionellen Lokus von Emotionseffekten in der visuellen Wortverarbeitung. In der vorliegenden Dissertation wurde mit Hilfe von Ereignis-korrelierten Potentialen (EKPs) untersucht, ob emotionale Valenz auf lexikalischen oder auf semantischen Wortverarbeitungsstufen wirksam wird. Vorausgegangene Studien weisen auf einen post-lexikalischen Lokus von Emotionseffekten hin, wobei einige wenige heterogene Befunde von sehr frĂŒhen Emotionseffekten auch einen lexikalischen Lokus vermuten lassen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden drei emotions-sensitive EKP Komponenten beobachtet, die distinkte zeitliche und rĂ€umliche Verteilungen aufwiesen, und daher verschiedene Wortverarbeitungsstufen zu reflektieren scheinen. Die Ergebnisse wurden im Rahmen von allgemeinen Annahmen aktueller Wortverarbeitungs- und semantischer ReprĂ€sentationsmodelle diskutiert. Als zentrales Ergebnis kann benannt werden, dass Emotion am stĂ€rksten semantische Wortverarbeitungsstufen beeinflusste. Hieraus wurde geschlussfolgert, dass emotionale Valenz einen Teil der Wortbedeutung darstellt. Eine Interaktion mit einem lexikalischen Faktor sowie sehr frĂŒhe Emotionseffekte deuten auf einen zusĂ€tzlichen Lokus auf lexikalischen oder sogar perzeptuellen Wortverarbeitungsstufen hin. Dies bedeutet, Emotion verĂ€nderte die visuelle Wortverarbeitung auf multiplen Stufen, dabei konnten separate emotions-sensitive EKP Komponenten, die unterschiedlichen Randbedingungen unterliegen, mit jeweils einem frĂŒhen (pre-)lexikalischen und einem spĂ€ten semantischen Lokus in der Wortverarbeitung in Verbindung gesetzt werden. Die Befunde stĂŒtzen Wortverarbeitungsmodelle, die zeitlich flexible und interaktive Wortverarbeitungsstufen annehmen.Emotional valence of words influences their cognitive processing. The functional locus of emotion effects in the stream of visual word processing is still elusive, although it is an issue of great importance for the disciplines of psycholinguistics and neuroscience. In the present dissertation event-related potentials (ERPs) were applied to examine whether emotional valence influences visual word processing on either lexical or semantic processing stages. Previous studies argued for a post-lexical locus of emotion effects, whereas a lexical locus has been indicated by a few heterogeneous findings of very early emotion effects. Three emotion-related ERP components were observed that showed distinct temporal and topographic distributions, and thus seem to reflect different processing stages in word recognition. Results are discussed within a framework of common assumptions from word recognition and semantic representation models. As a main finding, emotion impacted most strongly semantic processing stages. Thus, emotional valence can be considered to be a part of the meaning of words. However, an interaction of emotion with a lexical factor and very early emotion effects argued for an additional functional locus on lexical, or even on perceptual processing stages in word recognition. In conclusion, emotion impacted visual word processing on multiple stages, whereas distinct emotion-related ERP components, that are subject to different boundary conditions, were associated each with an early (pre-)lexical locus or a late semantic locus. The findings are in line with models of visual word processing that assume time-flexible and interactive processing stages, and point out the need for integration of word recognition models with models of semantic representation
The time course of temporal attention effects on non-conscious prime processing
International audienceWe presented a masked prime at various prime-target-intervals (PTI) before a target that required a speeded motor response and investigated the impact of temporal attention on the non-conscious prime processing. The allocation of temporal attention on the target was manipulated by presenting an accessory tone compared to a no-tone condition. The results showed that independently of the visibility of the prime, temporal attention led to an enhanced effect of prime-target congruency on the response times and the amount of the enhancement increased with increasing PTI. This effect pattern is consistent with the assumption of an increasing influence of the temporal attention and of the increasing PTI on non-conscious prime processing; it argues against a hypothesis that temporal attention narrows the time period in which the prime may affect target processing. An accumulator model is proposed assuming that target-related temporal attention increases the accumulation rate for masked primes and, thus, enhances the impact of the prime on the speed of choice decisions
TestĂąretest reliability of the N400 component in a sentence-reading paradigm
Ă© 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group The N400 component of the event-related potential is considered an index of semantic processing and therefore may be an ideal biomarker of semantic system disorders or individual differences. To this purpose, it is necessary to assess its testĂąretest reliability. Only one previous study has addressed this question, reporting good testĂąretest reliability (rĂą=Ăą0.85). However, that study had used a word-pair priming paradigm, which differs in many respects from the more typical and ecologically valid sentence-reading. The present study surveys testĂąretest reliability of the N400 in a sentence-reading paradigm. The best value obtained was rĂą=Ăą0.63, implying a relatively poor testĂąretest reliability. Crucial factors for this result may be the long interval between context and critical word as well as more complex contexts in sentence-reading paradigms. These factors might make the N400 effects in sentences more vulnerable to linguistic and non-linguistic factors increasing the variance across sessions.Link_to_subscribed_fulltex
Les arts de la ville dans le projet urbain
Lâespace urbain a toujours Ă©tĂ© le lieu de la manifestation dâutopies ou dâexpĂ©rimentations qui sont la traduction de recherches prospectives quant Ă lâhabiter, de la demeure individuelle ou collective, aux Ă©difices publics, religieux ou profanes. Ces prospectives dans lesquelles lâesprit et lâart des lieux sâaffirment par une forte identitĂ© sont aussi souvent liĂ©es Ă des mouvements artistiques et/ou des avantgardes dâidĂ©es. Par dĂ©finition, elles sont porteuses dâintentions fortes qui suscitent une interrogation sur leurs sens multiples, alimentant un dĂ©bat public intense. Lâargumentaire mis au jour Ă cette occasion constitue une part importante de leur communication-mĂ©diation