Propuesta de enseñanza innovadora en Educación Infantil a través de la creatividad: La resolución de conflictos en la vida cotidiana.

[SPA] La propuesta que presentamos tiene como objetivo desarrollar la creatividad en la etapa escolar infantil. Abordamos la creatividad como la aptitud innata para producir ideas y soluciones nuevas, centrando la atención en el desarrollo de uno de sus componentes fundamentales: el pensamiento divergente. Basamos nuestra propuesta de trabajo en autores como Guilford y Robinson, defendiendo la creatividad como concepto central no sólo vinculado a la educación sino a todos los aspectos de la vida. Esta aptitud se debe potenciar y desarrollar con la práctica educativa, para ello presentamos una serie de talleres que parten del aprendizaje significativo, de situaciones cotidianas en la vida del estudiante. Evitando estereotipos, el alumnado comprobará cómo existen varias soluciones a un mismo problema siendo todas válidas. Promovemos con nuestra práctica docente el fomento de actitudes y valores como la tolerancia y el respeto, implementando una metodología flexible y participativa en la que el alumno es el protagonista y el docente guía el deseo natural de aprender. [ENG] Our study focuses in the development of creativity in early childhood education. We study creativity as an innate ability to produce ideas and new solutions, centering the educational plan on developing one of its main components: the divergent thinking. Our project is based on authors such as Guilford and Robinson, defending creativity as a main concept, and not only linked to education but to all aspects in life. This ability should be strengthened and developed in the classroom by practical activities; our methodology defends this meaningful and functional learning linking teaching tolearner’s everyday life and personal needs. Avoiding stereotypes, students will find that there are several solutions for a given task and all of them are acceptable. Our teaching practice promote the development of attitudes and values such as tolerance and respect, implementing a flexible and participatory approach, transforming the student in the leader and the teacher in the guide that shapes their natural desire to learn

Enhanced mitochondrial activity reshapes a gut microbiota profile that delays NASH progression

[EN] Background and Aims: Recent studies suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction promotes progression to NASH by aggravating the gut-liver status. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we hypothesized that enhanced mitochondrial activity might reshape a specific microbiota signature that, when transferred to germ-free (GF) mice, could delay NASH progression. Approach and Results: Wild-type and methylation-controlled J protein knockout (MCJ-KO) mice were fed for 6 weeks with either control or a choline-deficient, L-amino acid–defined, high-fat diet (CDA-HFD). One mouse of each group acted as a donor of cecal microbiota to GF mice, who also underwent the CDA-HFD model for 3 weeks. Hepatic injury, intestinal barrier, gut microbiome, and the associated fecal metabolome were then studied. Following 6 weeks of CDA-HFD, the absence of methylation-controlled J protein, an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I activity, reduced hepatic injury and improved gut-liver axis in an aggressive NASH dietary model. This effect was transferred to GF mice through cecal microbiota transplantation. We suggest that the specific microbiota profile of MCJ-KO, characterized by an increase in the fecal relative abundance of Dorea and Oscillospira genera and a reduction in AF12, Allboaculum, and [Ruminococcus], exerted protective actions through enhancing short-chain fatty acids, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism, and sirtuin activity, subsequently increasing fatty acid oxidation in GF mice. Importantly, we identified Dorea genus as one of the main modulators of this microbiota-dependent protective phenotype. Conclusions: Overall, we provide evidence for the relevance of mitochondria–microbiota interplay during NASH and that targeting it could be a valuable therapeutic approach.S

RICORS2040 : The need for collaborative research in chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a silent and poorly known killer. The current concept of CKD is relatively young and uptake by the public, physicians and health authorities is not widespread. Physicians still confuse CKD with chronic kidney insufficiency or failure. For the wider public and health authorities, CKD evokes kidney replacement therapy (KRT). In Spain, the prevalence of KRT is 0.13%. Thus health authorities may consider CKD a non-issue: very few persons eventually need KRT and, for those in whom kidneys fail, the problem is 'solved' by dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, KRT is the tip of the iceberg in the burden of CKD. The main burden of CKD is accelerated ageing and premature death. The cut-off points for kidney function and kidney damage indexes that define CKD also mark an increased risk for all-cause premature death. CKD is the most prevalent risk factor for lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the factor that most increases the risk of death in COVID-19, after old age. Men and women undergoing KRT still have an annual mortality that is 10- to 100-fold higher than similar-age peers, and life expectancy is shortened by ~40 years for young persons on dialysis and by 15 years for young persons with a functioning kidney graft. CKD is expected to become the fifth greatest global cause of death by 2040 and the second greatest cause of death in Spain before the end of the century, a time when one in four Spaniards will have CKD. However, by 2022, CKD will become the only top-15 global predicted cause of death that is not supported by a dedicated well-funded Centres for Biomedical Research (CIBER) network structure in Spain. Realizing the underestimation of the CKD burden of disease by health authorities, the Decade of the Kidney initiative for 2020-2030 was launched by the American Association of Kidney Patients and the European Kidney Health Alliance. Leading Spanish kidney researchers grouped in the kidney collaborative research network Red de Investigación Renal have now applied for the Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS) call for collaborative research in Spain with the support of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, Federación Nacional de Asociaciones para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades del Riñón and ONT: RICORS2040 aims to prevent the dire predictions for the global 2040 burden of CKD from becoming true

CoMA - an intuitive and user-friendly pipeline for amplicon-sequencing data analysis

In recent years, there has been a veritable boost in next-generation sequencing (NGS) of gene amplicons in biological and medical studies. Huge amounts of data are produced and need to be analyzed adequately. Various online and offline analysis tools are available; however, most of them require extensive expertise in computer science or bioinformatics, and often a Linux-based operating system. Here, we introduce “CoMA–Comparative Microbiome Analysis” as a free and intuitive analysis pipeline for amplicon-sequencing data, compatible with any common operating system. Moreover, the tool offers various useful services including data pre-processing, quality checking, clustering to operational taxonomic units (OTUs), taxonomic assignment, data post-processing, data visualization, and statistical appraisal. The workflow results in highly esthetic and publication-ready graphics, as well as output files in standardized formats (e.g. tab-delimited OTU-table, BIOM, NEWICK tree) that can be used for more sophisticated analyses. The CoMA output was validated by a benchmark test, using three mock communities with different sample characteristics (primer set, amplicon length, diversity). The performance was compared with that of Mothur, QIIME and QIIME2-DADA2, popular packages for NGS data analysis. Furthermore, the functionality of CoMA is demonstrated on a practical example, investigating microbial communities from three different soils (grassland, forest, swamp). All tools performed well in the benchmark test and were able to reveal the majority of all genera in the mock communities. Also for the soil samples, the results of CoMA were congruent to those of the other pipelines, in particular when looking at the key microbial players.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad | Ref. RYC-2016-2123

Reclamation of acid soils with biomass ashes from pyrolytic wood liquefaction

Fast pyrolysis bio-oil (FPBO) is a liquid biofuel obtained from lignocellulosic residues. Moreover, biomass fly ashes (FAs) containing many minerals and micronutrients are obtained in the production process. Biomass ashes can be used as a lime substitute for amelioration of acid soils by increasing pH, providing nutrients for crop development and stimulating microbial activity. However, ash application might increase N-mineralization and induce nitrate losses via leaching. The main objective of this study was to investigate the applicability of FPBO-recovered FAs as soil amendment and their effects on soil microbial processes, plant development, and to evaluate the effects on soil leaching. In a greenhouse experiment, an acidic soil was amended with 2% of FAs and sown with a regional wheat variety. After 100 days, wheat was harvested and red clover was sown to simulate crop rotation. After 250 days, the soils were analysed microbiologically and physico-chemically. While no differences in plant yields were observed, FAs addition increased several soil chemical pools as well as certain microbiological parameters. Soil pH increased from 4.8 to 7.2, electrical conductivity from 89 to 407 µS cm−1, and the soil available P pool from 13.6 to 81.3 µg g−1 soil. Further, the nitrification rate, nitrate content in the soil leachates increased upon ash addition, in particular during the clover stage of the experiment. Summarized, despite not measurable effects on the plant growth, fly ash appears to enhance chemical and biological properties of soil cropped with wheat and clover without hinting towards negative environmental side-effects.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad | Ref. RYC-2016–2123

CoMA - an intuitive and user-friendly pipeline for amplicon-sequencing data analysis.

In recent years, there has been a veritable boost in next-generation sequencing (NGS) of gene amplicons in biological and medical studies. Huge amounts of data are produced and need to be analyzed adequately. Various online and offline analysis tools are available; however, most of them require extensive expertise in computer science or bioinformatics, and often a Linux-based operating system. Here, we introduce "CoMA-Comparative Microbiome Analysis" as a free and intuitive analysis pipeline for amplicon-sequencing data, compatible with any common operating system. Moreover, the tool offers various useful services including data pre-processing, quality checking, clustering to operational taxonomic units (OTUs), taxonomic assignment, data post-processing, data visualization, and statistical appraisal. The workflow results in highly esthetic and publication-ready graphics, as well as output files in standardized formats (e.g. tab-delimited OTU-table, BIOM, NEWICK tree) that can be used for more sophisticated analyses. The CoMA output was validated by a benchmark test, using three mock communities with different sample characteristics (primer set, amplicon length, diversity). The performance was compared with that of Mothur, QIIME and QIIME2-DADA2, popular packages for NGS data analysis. Furthermore, the functionality of CoMA is demonstrated on a practical example, investigating microbial communities from three different soils (grassland, forest, swamp). All tools performed well in the benchmark test and were able to reveal the majority of all genera in the mock communities. Also for the soil samples, the results of CoMA were congruent to those of the other pipelines, in particular when looking at the key microbial players

Phosphorus fertilising potential of fly ash and effects on soil microbiota and crop

\u3cp\u3eThe production of fast pyrolysis bio oil (FPBO) constitutes one of the newest technologies for gaining a liquid biofuel from woody biomass. During this process biomass fly ashes (FAs), rich in minerals and salts, are produced. However, FAs are often disposed in landfills and their fertilising potential has been underestimated. A greenhouse trial was set up to test the impact of FA on soil physico-chemical and microbiological properties with a special focus on phosphorus, one of the main limiting nutrients in terrestrial ecosystems. FA were added into an acidic grassland soil at a rate of 2% with wheat (Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta) used as test plant. Soil and plants were collected after an incubation period of 60 and 100 days. Ash application increased soil pH and electrical conductivity, and improved soil nutritional status by increasing soil total, inorganic, and plant available phosphorus over time. Accordingly, higher plant yields were observed in ash-treated soils. The effect of FA on microbial biomass, assessed as double stranded DNA content, was time dependent and increased significantly with plant presence. Acid phosphomonoesterase activity significantly decreased following ash addition. However, neither alkaline phosphomonoesterase (ALP) activity nor the abundance and composition of the ALP gene (phoD) harboured by bacteria were affected by FA application. On the whole, FA from FPBO production seems to improve soil nutrient status and plant growth without inheriting detrimental effects on soil microbial communities in the mid-term.\u3c/p\u3