Como mensurar o invisível : um estudo metodológico de experiências de inclusão do trabalho reprodutivo nas contas nacionais

Este trabalho dedica-se a um estudo metodológico de experiências internacionais de valoração do trabalho doméstico não remunerado. Justificando o interesse no tema, são definidos os conceitos de gênero, patriarcado e trabalho reprodutivo, relacionando-os a partir de uma contextualização da divisão sexual do trabalho nas origens do sistema capitalista. Apresenta-se uma introdução aos principais conceitos do Sistema de Contas Nacionais, elucidando a invisibilidade do trabalho doméstico não remunerado nas contas principais, e delineando a elaboração de contas alternativas. O objetivo de análise deste trabalho são as contas satélites, que estão intimamente ligadas as contas principais e possibilitam uma ampliação do conceito de fronteira de produção para inclusão da produção doméstica. Ao considerar as metodologias utilizadas pela Finlândia, Colômbia, México e Reino Unido para valorar o trabalho doméstico não remunerado e elaborar esta conta, compreende-se a necessidade de formular uma metodologia harmonizada que possibilite comparações internacionais. Os resultados calculados pelos países exprimem a importância do trabalho doméstico não remunerado na economia nacional, tendo em vista que a magnitude da produção doméstica chega a representar no Reino Unido e na Finlândia, respectivamente, 63% e 39% do PIB de cada país. Adicionalmente, as pesquisas realizadas pela Colômbia e México destacam a importância desse estudo para o debate de gênero, visto que as mulheres são responsáveis por 80% e 75% da produção doméstica em cada país.This work is dedicated to a methodological study of international experiences of valuation of unpaid domestic work. Justifying the interest in the topic, the concepts of gender, patriarchy and reproductive work are defined, and related to one another, by contextualizing the sexual division of labour in the origins of capitalism. An introduction to the main concepts of the System of National Accounts is presented, elucidating the invisibility of unpaid domestic work in the core national accounts, and outlining the elaboration of alternative accounts. The focus of analysis in this project are the satellite accounts, which by definition are closely linked to the main accounts and permit an extension of the concept of the production boundary to include domestic production. When considering the methodologies used by Finland, Colombia, Mexico and the United Kingdom to assess unpaid domestic work and to develop the satellite account, the need to formulate a harmonized international methodology for comparison between countries is understood. The results calculated by the analysed countries express the importance of the unpaid domestic work in the national economy, given that the magnitude of its production in the United Kingdom and Finland, respectively, represents 63% and 39% of their GDP. In addition, research carried out by Colombia and Mexico highlights the importance of this study for the gender debate, since women are responsible for 80% and 75% of domestic production in each country

Extraoral surgical access for removal of intraparotid giant sialolith in young patient. A case report

AbstractSialolithiasis is one of the most common diseases of salivary glands. Sialoliths mainly develop in the submandibular gland with few cases described in the parotid and sublingual glands. They are more common in adults between the third and fourth decades of life, and can affect the elderly and rarely children and adolescents. In most cases, they are located in the ducts, but parenchymal location is unusual. Clinical signs of sialolithiasis are well known; however, they may appear in atypical sites, making it difficult to locate and diagnose them precisely. In these cases, the use of complementary imaging examinations, such as computerized tomography, is critical to delimit the lesion and determine the treatment plan. Therefore, the description of this clinical case of a parotid sialolith, with atypical location, in a 17-year-old patient, that was surgically removed by extraoral access after determining its correct location by using computerized tomography imaging is relevant and important

Distalização de Molares com Ancoragem Esquelética

O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar a literatura acerca da utilização de ancoragem esquelética na distalização de molares, que constitui um desafio ortodôntico na correção da má oclusão de Classe II em tratamentos sem extrações dentárias e sem avanço mandibular. Há uma crescente busca por dispositivos que substituam os aparelhos extrabucais, pois estes demandam grande colaboração por parte do paciente e podem comprometem a estética, comprometendo assim os resultados desejados. A ancoragem esquelética, especialmente os mini-implantes, associada a dispositivos de distalização surgiu como uma alternativa desta mecânica de distalização, proporcionando uma série de vantagens quando comparada à aparelhos extrabucais ou intrabucais com uma maior previsibilidade e efetividade ao tratamento e conforto e estética ao paciente

Rhythmicity of mood symptoms in individuals at risk for psychiatric disorders

Despite emerging evidence that disruption in circadian rhythms may contribute to the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, there is a significant knowledge gap on the rhythmicity of psychological symptoms. Here, we aimed at investigating the rhythmicity of mood symptoms in individuals at risk for psychiatric disorders. 391 Brazilian and 317 Spanish participants completed the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 for non-psychotic mental disorders; the Mood Rhythm Instrument was used to assess rhythmicity of mood symptoms and the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire to assess sleep patterns. We found that the rhythmicity of specific mood-related symptoms and behaviors, particularly pessimism and motivation to exercise, were associated with being at risk for psychiatric disorders, even after controlling for sleep timing, sleep deficit, and season of data collection. We also found that the peak of some mood symptoms and behaviors were different between individuals at high vs. low risk for psychiatric disorders, with specific differences between countries. These results are consistent with previous research showing that circadian misalignment is associated with higher risk for mental health conditions. These findings also suggest that lifestyle changes preventing circadian misalignment might be useful to reduce the risk of psychiatric disorders, where cultural differences must be taken into account

Persistent Dystrophin Protein Restoration 90 Days after a Course of Intraperitoneally Administered Naked 2′OMePS AON and ZM2 NP-AON Complexes in mdx Mice

In Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the exon-skipping approach has obtained proof of concept in animal models, myogenic cell cultures, and following local and systemic administration in Duchenne patients. Indeed, we have previously demonstrated that low doses (7.5 mg/Kg/week) of 2 -O-methyl-phosphorothioate antisense oligoribonucleotides (AONs) adsorbed onto ZM2 nanoparticles provoke widespread dystrophin restoration 7 days after intraperitoneal treatment in mdx mice. In this study, we went on to test whether this dystrophin restoration was still measurable 90 days from the end of the same treatment. Interestingly, we found that both western blot and immunohistochemical analysis (up to 7% positive fibres) were still able to detect dystrophin protein in the skeletal muscles of ZM2-AON-treated mice at this time, and the level of exon-23 skipping could still be assessed by RT real-time PCR (up to 10% of skipping percentage). In contrast, the protein was undetectable by western blot analysis in the skeletal muscles of mdx mice treated with an identical dose of naked AON, and the percentage of dystrophin-positive fibres and exon-23 skipping were reminiscent of those of untreated mdx mice. Our data therefore demonstrate the long-term residual efficacy of this systemic low-dose treatment and confirm the protective effect nanoparticles exert on AON molecules

Rhythmicity of mood symptoms in idividuals at risk for psychiatric disorders

Despite emerging evidence that disruption in circadian rhythms may contribute to the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, there is a significant knowledge gap on the rhythmicity of psychological symptoms. Here, we aimed at investigating the rhythmicity of mood symptoms in individuals at risk for psychiatric disorders. 391 Brazilian and 317 Spanish participants completed the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 for non-psychotic mental disorders; the Mood Rhythm Instrument was used to assess rhythmicity of mood symptoms and the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire to assess sleep patterns. We found that the rhythmicity of specific mood-related symptoms and behaviors, particularly pessimism and motivation to exercise, were associated with being at risk for psychiatric disorders, even after controlling for sleep timing, sleep deficit, and season of data collection. We also found that the peak of some mood symptoms and behaviors were different between individuals at high vs. low risk for psychiatric disorders, with specific differences between countries. These results are consistent with previous research showing that circadian misalignment is associated with higher risk for mental health conditions. These findings also suggest that lifestyle changes preventing circadian misalignment might be useful to reduce the risk of psychiatric disorders, where cultural differences must be taken into account

Persistent Dystrophin Protein Restoration 90 Days after a Course of Intraperitoneally Administered Naked 2′OMePS AON and ZM2 NP-AON Complexes in mdx Mice

In Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the exon-skipping approach has obtained proof of concept in animal models, myogenic cell cultures, and following local and systemic administration in Duchenne patients. Indeed, we have previously demonstrated that low doses (7.5 mg/Kg/week) of 2  -O-methyl-phosphorothioate antisense oligoribonucleotides (AONs) adsorbed onto ZM2 nanoparticles provoke widespread dystrophin restoration 7 days after intraperitoneal treatment in mdx mice. In this study, we went on to test whether this dystrophin restoration was still measurable 90 days from the end of the same treatment. Interestingly, we found that both western blot and immunohistochemical analysis (up to 7% positive fibres) were still able to detect dystrophin protein in the skeletal muscles of ZM2-AON-treated mice at this time, and the level of exon-23 skipping could still be assessed by RT real-time PCR (up to 10% of skipping percentage). In contrast, the protein was undetectable by western blot analysis in the skeletal muscles of mdx mice treated with an identical dose of naked AON, and the percentage of dystrophin-positive fibres and exon-23 skipping were reminiscent of those of untreated mdx mice. Our data therefore demonstrate the long-term residual efficacy of this systemic low-dose treatment and confirm the protective effect nanoparticles exert on AON molecules

Efficacy and Safety of High-Dose Immunoglobulin-Based Regimen in Statin-Associated Autoimmune Myopathy: A Multi-Center and Multi-Disciplinary Retrospective Study

Statin-associated autoimmune myopathy is a rare muscle disorder, characterized by autoantibodies against HMGCR. The anti-HMGCR myopathy persists after statin, and often requires immunosuppressive therapy. However, there is not a standardized therapeutic approach. The purpose of this study is to report the effectiveness of the immunosuppressive treatment employed in a multi-center and multi-disciplinary cohort of patients affected by anti-HMGCR myopathy, in which an immunoglobulin (IVIG)-based treatment strategy was applied. We collected 16 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of anti-HMGCR myopathy, between 2012 and 2019, and recorded data on clinical and laboratory presentation (i.e., muscle strength, serum CK levels, and anti-HMGCR antibody titer) and treatment strategies. Our results highlight the safety and efficacy of an induction therapy combining IVIG with GCs and/or methotrexate to achieve persistent remission of the disease and steroid-free maintenance. Under IVIG-based regimens, clinical improvement and CK normalization occurred in more than two thirds of patients by six months. Relapse rate was low (3/16) and 2/3 relapses occurred after treatment suspension. Nearly 90% of the patients who successfully discontinued GCs were treated with a triple immunosuppressive regimen. In conclusion, an IVIG-based regimen, which particularly includes high-dose immunoglobulin, GCs and methotrexate, can provide a fast remission achievement with GC saving

Exon Skipping-Mediated Dystrophin Reading Frame Restoration for Small Mutations

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