65 research outputs found

    L'équité dans le sport adapté de la littérature aux témoignages de deux athlÚtes

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    RĂ©partition spatiale de la rainette faux-grillon borĂ©ale (Pseudacris maculata) en milieu urbain Ă©valuĂ©e Ă  l’aide de l’ADN environnemental

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    Les taux d’extinction actuels des vertĂ©brĂ©s sont de 100 Ă  1000 fois plus Ă©levĂ©s que les taux antĂ©rieurs. Les amphibiens constituent le groupe de vertĂ©brĂ©s le plus menacĂ© avec environ 41% des espĂšces en pĂ©ril. La rainette faux-grillon borĂ©ale (Pseudacris maculata) est particuliĂšrement Ă  risque d’extinction dans les provinces du QuĂ©bec et de l’Ontario, au Canada. Afin de mieux comprendre la rĂ©partition de l’espĂšce, nous avons quantifiĂ© l’influence de plusieurs caractĂ©ristiques locales et du paysage sur l’occurrence de l’espĂšce dans les milieux humides des basses-terres du Saint-Laurent dans le sud du QuĂ©bec. Nous avons Ă©mis l’hypothĂšse que l’occupation de site dĂ©pend des caractĂ©ristiques locales et est favorisĂ©e par les caractĂ©ristiques du paysage qui contribuent Ă  la connectivitĂ© du site. Nous avons aussi Ă©mis l’hypothĂšse que la quantitĂ© et la proximitĂ© des perturbations anthropiques affectent nĂ©gativement l’occurrence de l’espĂšce. Nous avons utilisĂ© l’ADN environnemental (ADNe) ainsi que des relevĂ©s auditifs traditionnels pour dĂ©terminer l’occupation de site et pour tester si la premiĂšre approche mĂšne Ă  une probabilitĂ© de dĂ©tection plus Ă©levĂ©e que la seconde. Nous avons collectĂ© des Ă©chantillons d’eau Ă  180 sites en 2017 et 2018, tandis que nous avons inventoriĂ© un sous-Ă©chantillon de 63 sites en utilisant l’ADNe et les relevĂ©s auditifs en 2018. Nos analyses indiquent que l’occupation de site par l’espĂšce Ă©tait plus Ă©levĂ©e en 2018 qu’en 2017 et Ă©galement plus Ă©levĂ©e dans les sites oĂč l’espĂšce avait Ă©tĂ© dĂ©tectĂ©e par d'autres Ă©tudes durant les 12 derniĂšres annĂ©es. L’occupation de site ne varie pas avec les autres caractĂ©ristiques locales et du paysage, en partie en raison d’une diminution du nombre de sites occupĂ©s par l’espĂšce et de sa raretĂ© dans notre aire d’étude. De plus, la probabilitĂ© de dĂ©tection via l’ADNe (0.81; IC 95%: [0.31; 0.98]) Ă©tait similaire Ă  celle des relevĂ©s auditifs (0.62; IC 95%: [0.25; 0.89]).Current extinction rates of vertebrates are 100–1000 times greater than background rates. Amphibians comprise the most threatened vertebrate group with approximately 41% of the species at risk. The boreal chorus frog (Pseudacris maculata) is particularly at risk of extinction in the provinces of QuĂ©bec and Ontario, Canada. In order to have a better understanding of the species distribution, we quantified the influence of several local and landscape characteristics on the occurrence of the species in wetlands of the St. Lawrence Lowlands in southern QuĂ©bec. We hypothesized that site occupancy depends on local characteristics and is favored by landscape characteristics that contribute to site connectivity. We also hypothesized that the amount and proximity of anthropic disturbances negatively affect the occurrence of the species. We used environmental DNA (eDNA) as well as traditional call surveys to determine site occupancy and to test whether the former approach led to a higher detection probability than the latter. We collected water samples at 180 sites in 2017 and 2018, whereas we surveyed a subset of 63 sites using both eDNA and call surveys in 2018. Our analyses indicate that site occupancy was higher in 2018 than in 2017 and higher in sites where the species had been previously detected during the last 12 years by other studies. Site occupancy did not vary with other local and landscape characteristics, in part due to a decrease in the number of sites occupied by the species and its rarity in our study area. Additionally, detection probability via eDNA (0.81; 95% CI:[0.31; 0.98]) was similar to that of call surveys (0.62; 95% CI: [0.25; 0.89])

    The effects of a 12-week strength training program on skeletal muscle impairments and physical limitations in men with myotonic dystrophy type 1

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    Background/rationale: Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a genetic multisystemic degenerative disease and represents the most prevalent myopathy in adults. Skeletal muscles are particularly affected, as demonstrated by muscle weakness and atrophy experienced by affected people, which limit their social participation. Purpose/research objectives: The aim of this project is to determine the effects of a 12-week strength training program on skeletal muscle impairments and physical limitations in men with DM1. Relevance: Strength training has been shown to be safe in this population, but it remains unknown if it can trigger muscle hypertrophy process, thus slowing or reversing the significant muscle impairments that characterize this disease. Methods: In this before-after study, a 12-week strength training program (twice a week) of 6 to 8 maximal repetitions (RM) of five different lower limb exercises was completed by 11 men with DM1. The evaluation included: 10 meter walk test (comfortable and maximal speed), 30 second sit-to-stand test, quantitative muscle strength assessment of knee extensors muscle group, 1-RM test for all exercises and an interview about perceived changes. Results: Results showed significant maximal muscle strength increases as well as improvement in all functional tests (p<0.05). Patients also reported many positive changes after the training program such as an improved confidence in their legs and that they had ceased falling. Conclusion: Many positive changes have resulted from this training program showing that a well standardized strength training is an efficient and promising treatment option to reduce skeletal muscle impairments and physical limitations in people with DM1

    Effet de l'exercice aigu sur la synthĂšse et dĂ©gradation protĂ©ique du muscle squelettique chez les personnes atteintes de dystrophie myotonique de type 1: Étude de sĂ©ries de cas / Effect of acute eccentric exercise on skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy signalling pathways in men with myotonic dystrophy type 1

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    INTRODUCTION: La dystrophie myotonique de type 1 (DM1) est une maladie gĂ©nĂ©tique multisystĂ©mique. L'atrophie musculaire constitue un symptĂŽme majeur et le renforcement musculaire est souvent utilisĂ© pour contrer sa progression qui Ă©volue au fil des ans. Toutefois, il demeure inconnu si ce stimulus dĂ©clenche des mĂ©canismes cellulaires et molĂ©culaires menant Ă  l'hypertrophie, tels qu'observĂ©s chez une population saine. OBJECTIF: Évaluer l’effet de l'exercice aigu en rĂ©sistance sur les adaptations musculaires chez les DM1. MÉTHODOLOGIE: Dix hommes atteints de DM1 ont participĂ© Ă  une sĂ©ance unique d'exercice excentrique en rĂ©sistance des muscles extenseurs du genou sur biodex. Une biopsie musculaire a Ă©tĂ© prĂ©levĂ©e une semaine avant et 24 heures aprĂšs l’intervention. Certains acteurs de la cascade de synthĂšse (AKT et mTOR) et de dĂ©gradation (Atrogin-1 et MuRF) protĂ©ique du muscle ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s par immunobuvardage. RÉSULTATS: Nos rĂ©sultats prĂ©liminaires dĂ©montrent que les patients prĂ©sentent une grande variabilitĂ© dans la rĂ©ponse Ă  l'exercice. Les formes totales des protĂ©ines activĂ©es par phosphorylation (AKT et mTOR) varient. De plus, la forme phosphorylĂ©e d'AKT semble absente, ce qui concorde avec les altĂ©rations du rĂ©cepteur Ă  l'IGF dĂ©jĂ  connues chez la DM1. Les protĂ©ines ne nĂ©cessitant pas de phosphorylation (Atrogin-1 et MuRF) prĂ©sentent aussi une variation hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšne post exercice. Finalement, pour les 10 patients Ă©tudiĂ©s, il n’y a pas de corrĂ©lation entre la rĂ©ponse Ă  l'exercice et la sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© de la maladie. CONCLUSION: L'augmentation du nombre de patients (N=20) permettra une meilleure comprĂ©hension de la rĂ©ponse Ă  l'entraĂźnement chez les DM1 et une clarification potentielle quant Ă  la pertinence d'individualiser les protocoles d'entraĂźnement Ă  chaque patient

    Moving towards the implementation of pharmacogenetic testing in Quebec

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    Clinical implementation of pharmacogenetics (PGx) into routine care will elevate the current paradigm of treatment decisions. However, while PGx tests are increasingly becoming reliable and affordable, several barriers have limited their widespread usage in Canada. Globally, over ninety successful PGx implementors can serve as models. The purpose of this paper is to outline the PGx implementation barriers documented in Quebec (Canada) to suggest efficient solutions based on existing PGx clinics and propose an adapted clinical implementation model. We conclude that the province of Quebec is ready to implement PGx

    Clearance of defective muscle stem cells by senolytics reduces the expression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype and restores myogenesis in myotonic dystrophy type 1

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    Muscle weakness and atrophy are clinical hallmarks of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). Muscle stem cells, which contribute to skeletal muscle growth and repair, are also affected in this disease. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to this defective activity and the impact on the disease severity are still elusive. Here, we explored through an unbiased approach the molecular signature leading to myogenic cell defects in DM1. Single cell RNAseq data revealed the presence of a specific subset of DM1 myogenic cells expressing a senescence signature, characterized by the high expression of genes related to senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). This profile was confirmed using different senescence markers in vitro and in situ. Accumulation of intranuclear RNA foci in senescent cells, suggest that RNA-mediated toxicity contribute to senescence induction. High expression of IL-6, a prominent SASP cytokine, in the serum of DM1 patients was identified as a biomarker correlating with muscle weakness and functional capacity limitations. Drug screening revealed that the BCL-XL inhibitor (A1155463), a senolytic drug, can specifically target senescent DM1 myoblasts to induce their apoptosis and reduce their SASP. Removal of senescent cells re-established the myogenic function of the non-senescent DM1 myoblasts, which displayed improved proliferation and differentiation capacity in vitro; and enhanced engraftment following transplantation in vivo. Altogether this study presents a well-defined senescent molecular signature in DM1 untangling part of the pathological mechanisms observed in the disease; additionally, we demonstrate the therapeutic potential of targeting these defective cells with senolytics to restore myogenesis

    Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

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    A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

    Measurements of top-quark pair differential cross-sections in the eÎŒe\mu channel in pppp collisions at s=13\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV using the ATLAS detector

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