El enfermero de la unidad de urgencias de un hospital privado: algunas consideraciones

The qualifications of the professionals who work in emergency care units in Brazil became a relevant aspect since the 80s; therefore, the scarcity of nursing studies in the national literature on this theme determines the need of further investigations. This study aimed at presenting the activities performed by the emergency care unit nurse of a private hospital and making considerations on the leadership as a strategy to improve the management of the nursing care delivered to the patient/client. In view of the experienced reality, authors pointed out the importance of these professionals to rethink about their professional practice and of leadership as a way to implement the required changes.La capacitación de los profesionales que actúan en unidades de urgencias en el Brasil, se convirtió en aspecto relevante solamente a partir de la década de los años 80's; así mismo, la escasez de estudios de enfermería en la literatura nacional determina la necesidad de investigaciones. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo presentar las actividades del enfermero de urgencias de un hospital privado y tejer algunas consideraciones sobre el liderazgo como estrategia para el mejoramiento de la gerencia de la atención de enfermería prestada al paciente/cliente. Frente a la realidad vivida, resaltamos la necesidad de estos profesionales re-pensar su práctica profesional y el liderazgo como un camino para la implementación de los cambios necesarios.A capacitação dos profissionais que atuam em unidades de emergência, no Brasil, tornou-se aspecto relevante somente a partir da década de 80; entretanto, a escassez de estudos de enfermagem na literatura nacional determina a necessidade de investigações. Este estudo teve como objetivo apresentar as atividades do enfermeiro de emergência de um hospital privado e tecer considerações sobre a liderança como estratégia para a melhoria do gerenciamento da assistência de enfermagem prestada ao paciente/cliente. Frente a realidade vivenciada, apontamos a necessidade destes profissionais repensarem a sua prática profissional e a liderança como caminho para implementação das mudanças requeridas

Disease-Associated Regulation of Non-Coding RNAs by Resveratrol: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Applications

There have been significant advances, particularly over the last 20 years, in the identification of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and their pathophysiological role in a wide range of disease states, particularly cancer and other chronic conditions characterized by excess inflammation and oxidative stress such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity, multiple sclerosis, osteoporosis, liver and lung fibrosis. Such discoveries have potential therapeutic implications as a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the effects of ncRNAs on critical homeostatic control mechanisms and biochemical pathways might lead to the identification of novel druggable targets. In this context, increasing evidence suggests that several natural compounds can target ncRNAs at different levels and, consequently, influence processes involved in the onset and progression of disease states. The natural phenol resveratrol has been extensively studied for therapeutic purposes in view of its established anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, particularly in disease states such as cancer and cardiovascular disease that are associated with human aging. However, increasing in vitro and in vivo evidence also suggests that resveratrol can directly target various ncRNAs and that this mediates, at least in part, its potential therapeutic effects. This review critically appraises the available evidence regarding the resveratrol-mediated modulation of different ncRNAs in a wide range of disease states characterized by a pro-inflammatory state and oxidative stress, the potential therapeutic applications, and future research directions.This work has been made possible thanks to grants from (Progetto Fondazione di Sardegna-bando 2022-2023 and FAR2020-Pintus) to GP and the (University of Sharjah Collaborative 2101050160) to GP and AM.Scopu

Work objective in emergency wards: professionals' conceptions

This qualitative case study aimed to analyze how health team professionals perceive the work objective in one emergency unit. The place of study was a hospital emergency ward in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Data collection was conducted through observation and semi-structured interview. The results disclose the divergence between the health needs that make users seek health care in the emergency ward; and the work objective at that ward as highlighted by the professionals. The work team shows dissatisfaction due to the excessive search for care that cannot be classified as emergency, highlighting the number of attendances as a justification for resistance to perform the work and lack of commitment in care production.Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, del tipo estudio de caso, que tuvo como objetivo analizar las concepciones de los profesionales del equipo de salud acerca de la finalidad del trabajo en una unidad de atención a las urgencias y emergencias. El campo de estudio fue una unidad hospitalaria de atención a las urgencias y emergencias del interior del Estado de Río Grande del Sur. Las técnicas para recolección de datos fueron la observación y la entrevista semiestructurada. Los resultados apuntan para la divergencia entre las necesidades de la salud que llevan a los usuarios a buscar la unidad y la finalidad del trabajo del local destacada por los profesionales. El equipo de salud revela insatisfacción con la búsqueda excesiva del servicio por pacientes, cuyas necesidades no pueden ser clasificadas como urgencia o emergencia, apuntando el número de atenciones como justificativa para la resistencia en realizar el trabajo y para la falta de compromiso con la producción del cuidado.Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, do tipo estudo de caso, que teve como objetivo analisar as concepções dos profissionais da equipe de saúde acerca da finalidade do trabalho em uma unidade de atendimento às urgências e emergências. O campo de estudo foi uma unidade hospitalar de atendimento às urgências e emergências do interior do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. As técnicas para coleta de dados foram observação e entrevista semiestruturada. Os resultados apontam a divergência entre as necessidades de saúde que levam os usuários a procurar a unidade e a finalidade do trabalho do local destacada pelos profissionais. A equipe de saúde revela insatisfação com a procura excessiva de pacientes, cujas necessidades não podem ser classificadas como urgência ou emergência, apontando o número de atendimentos como justificativa para a resistência em realizar o trabalho e o descompromisso com a produção do cuidado

Disrupted lymph node and splenic stroma in mice with induced inflammatory melanomas is associated with impaired recruitment of T and dendritic cells

International audienceMigration of dendritic cells (DC) from the tumor environment to the T cell cortex in tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN) is essential for priming naïve T lymphocytes (TL) to tumor antigen (Ag). We used a mouse model of induced melanoma in which similar oncogenic events generate two phenotypically distinct melanomas to study the influence of tumor-associated inflammation on secondary lymphoid organ (SLO) organization. One tumor promotes inflammatory cytokines, leading to mobilization of immature myeloid cells (iMC) to the tumor and SLO; the other does not. We report that inflammatory tumors induced alterations of the stromal cell network of SLO, profoundly altering the distribution of TL and the capacity of skin-derived DC and TL to migrate or home to TDLN. These defects, which did not require tumor invasion, correlated with loss of fibroblastic reticular cells in T cell zones and in impaired production of CCL21. Infiltrating iMC accumulated in the TDLN medulla and the splenic red pulp. We propose that impaired function of the stromal cell network during chronic inflammation induced by some tumors renders spleens non-receptive to TL and TDLN non-receptive to TL and migratory DC, while the entry of iMC into these perturbed SLO is enhanced. This could constitute a mechanism by which inflammatory tumors escape immune control. If our results apply to inflammatory tumors in general, the demonstration that SLO are poorly receptive to CCR7-dependent migration of skin-derived DC and naïve TL may constitute an obstacle for proposed vaccination or adoptive TL therapies of their hosts

Tuberculosis in Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy Programs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Diagnosis and Screening Practices

Background The global burden of childhood tuberculosis (TB) is estimated to be 0.5 million new cases per year. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children are at high risk for TB. Diagnosis of TB in HIV-infected children remains a major challenge. Methods We describe TB diagnosis and screening practices of pediatric antiretroviral treatment (ART) programs in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, and Central and South America. We used web-based questionnaires to collect data on ART programs and patients seen from March to July 2012. Forty-three ART programs treating children in 23 countries participated in the study. Results Sputum microscopy and chest Radiograph were available at all programs, mycobacterial culture in 40 (93%) sites, gastric aspiration in 27 (63%), induced sputum in 23 (54%), and Xpert MTB/RIF in 16 (37%) sites. Screening practices to exclude active TB before starting ART included contact history in 41 sites (84%), symptom screening in 38 (88%), and chest Radiograph in 34 sites (79%). The use of diagnostic tools was examined among 146 children diagnosed with TB during the study period. Chest Radiograph was used in 125 (86%) children, sputum microscopy in 76 (52%), induced sputum microscopy in 38 (26%), gastric aspirate microscopy in 35 (24%), culture in 25 (17%), and Xpert MTB/RIF in 11 (8%) children. Conclusions Induced sputum and Xpert MTB/RIF were infrequently available to diagnose childhood TB, and screening was largely based on symptom identification. There is an urgent need to improve the capacity of ART programs in low- and middle-income countries to exclude and diagnose TB in HIV-infected childre

Expert consensus document:Cholangiocarcinoma: current knowledge and future perspectives consensus statement from the European Network for the Study of Cholangiocarcinoma (ENS-CCA)

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a heterogeneous group of malignancies with features of biliary tract differentiation. CCA is the second most common primary liver tumour and the incidence is increasing worldwide. CCA has high mortality owing to its aggressiveness, late diagnosis and refractory nature. In May 2015, the "European Network for the Study of Cholangiocarcinoma" (ENS-CCA: www.enscca.org or www.cholangiocarcinoma.eu) was created to promote and boost international research collaboration on the study of CCA at basic, translational and clinical level. In this Consensus Statement, we aim to provide valuable information on classifications, pathological features, risk factors, cells of origin, genetic and epigenetic modifications and current therapies available for this cancer. Moreover, future directions on basic and clinical investigations and plans for the ENS-CCA are highlighted