A IMPORTÂNCIA DA ATENÇÃO FARMACÊUTICA PARA PACIENTE IDOSO COM CONSEQUÊNCIAS DE AVE

De acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), as estimativas para o ano de 2050 para a população de mais de 60 anos é em torno de dois bilhões de pessoas idosas no mundo e a maioria delas vivendo em países em desenvolvimento

IMUNIDADE INATA: UMA REVISÃO DAS CARACTERISTICAS GERAIS NEUTROFILOS

Os neutrófilos ou polimorfonucleados constituem o principal tipo de leucócito do sangue periférico e protegem contra infecções fungicas e bacterianas

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Detection of Mycobacterium leprae in collections of environmental water

A hansenÃase à uma doenÃa infecciosa crÃnica causada pelo bacilo Mycobacterium leprae. No Cearà à observado o aumento do nÃmero de casos novos de hansenÃase. A infecÃÃo de indivÃduos suscetÃveis acontece principalmente pela inalaÃÃo de bacilos eliminados pelas vias aÃreas superiores de pacientes multibacilares. A transmissÃo à influenciada por fatores genÃticos do hospedeiro, estado nutricional e taxa de exposiÃÃo ao M. leprae ou outras micobactÃrias. Acredita-se que o contato com fatores ambientais sejam possÃveis fontes de infecÃÃo, como a Ãgua, o solo e alguns animais. O papel exato do ambiente na dinÃmica de transmissÃo ainda à especulativo. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar por tÃcnicas de biologia molecular a presenÃa de Ãcidos nucleicos de M. leprae em amostras de Ãguas ambientais coletadas em Ãreas endÃmicas de municÃpios de Estado do CearÃ, assim como cultivar micobactÃrias ambientais nestas mesmas amostras. Foram coletadas amostras de Ãgua de 24 reservatÃrios, sendo coletadas rÃplicas de cada sÃtio selecionado, totalizando 119 amostras. As amostras coletadas foram provenientes de aÃudes, riachos, rios e balneÃrios recreativos. O DNA e RNA total foram extraÃdos atravÃs de kits especÃficos para amostras ambientais de acordo com as recomendaÃÃes do fabricante, seguido de amplificaÃÃo dos Ãcidos nucleicos por PCR e RT-PCR respectivamente, gerando produto de 187pb relativo ao gene gyrA de M. leprae. Em relaÃÃo ao cultivo, as amostras de Ãgua foram descontaminadas e cultivadas em meio Lowestein-Jensen, seguido de identificaÃÃo da espÃcie de micobactÃria por mÃtodo de PRA. O DNA e o RNAm do M. leprae foram detectados em todos os municÃpios estudados. Do total de 119 amostras de Ãgua analisadas, 76 apresentaram positividade para Ãcidos nucleicos de M. leprae (64%). Dentre estas, 23 foram positivas apenas para DNA (30,3%), 24 apenas para RNAm (31,5%) e 29 positivas para ambos os Ãcidos nucleicos (38,2%). O produto de PCR de duas amostras da regiÃo gyrA foi confirmado por sequenciamento e BLAST. Houve uma significÃncia estatÃstica de maior frequÃncia de positividade de DNA e RNAm nos reservatÃrios de Ãgua com temperatua mÃdia de 28,4oC. O cultivo mostrou que alÃm do bacilo M. leprae, as amostras de Ãgua continham espÃcies de micobactÃrias nÃo tuberculosas Este estudo indica presenÃa de DNA e RNAm de M. leprae nas amostras de Ãguas ambientais. Demonstrando, portanto, nÃo somente a existÃncia do bacilo da hansenÃase, mas indica fundamentalmente a presenÃa de bacilos viÃveis, os quais sÃo geneticamente iguais à referÃncia de M. leprae em relaÃÃo ao fragmento analisado. Desta forma, os resultados obtidos contribuem para ampliar o conhecimento da dinÃmica de transmissÃo da hansenÃase

INCIDÊNCIA DE HANSENÍASE NO MUNICÍPIO DE MORADA NOVA-CE

A Hanseníase é uma doença infectocontagiosa crônica causada pelo Mycobacterium leprae, quegeralmente afeta a pele e os nervos periféricos, que persiste como um importante problema desaúde pública no Brasil