A tutela da confiança nos contratos eletrônicos

A presente investigação propõe-se revisitar a confiança, fundamental elemento das relações sociais, perceber qual o papel reconhecido pelo Direito e analisar como tem sido tutelada pela sociedade contemporânea. Em uma abordagem teórica, busca refletir acerca da importância do valor/princípio confiança para os negócios jurídicos, nomeadamente os contratos eletrônicos, que têm feito parte da realidade de todos os indivíduos e nos quais continuam a ser aplicados conceitos e normas seculares, apesar das inúmeras tentativas de estabelecer marcos normativos. No contexto contemporâneo da massiva contratação na modalidade eletrónica, com os inúmeros problemas que dela decorrem, inadiável rever os alicerces do negócio jurídico e a efetiva proteção dos contratantes, da confiança e da boa-fé.This research aims to revisit trust, a fundamental element of social relations, to understand the role recognized by law and analyze how it has been protected by contemporary society. In a theoretical approach, it seeks to reflect on the importance of the value/principle of trust for legal transactions, namely electronic contracts, which have been part of the reality of all individuals and in which secular concepts and norms continue to be applied, despite the numerous attempts to establish regulatory frameworks. In the contemporary context of massive electronic contracting, with the countless problems that arise from it, it is urgent to review the foundations of legal business and the effective protection of contractors, trust and good faith

Analysis of variation for apomictic reproduction in diploid Paspalum rufum

Background and Aims: The diploid cytotype of Paspalum rufum (Poaceae) reproduces sexually and is self-sterile; however, recurrent autopolyploidization through 2n + n fertilization and the ability for reproduction via apomixis have been documented in one genotype of the species. The objectives of this work were to analyse the variation in the functionality of apomixis components in diploid genotypes of P. rufum and to identify individuals with contrasting reproductive behaviours. Methods: Samples of five individuals from each of three natural populations of P. rufum (designated R2, R5 and R6) were used. Seeds were obtained after open pollination, selfing, conspecific interploidy crosses and interspecific interploidy self-pollination induction. The reproductive behaviour of each plant was determined by using the flow cytometric seed screen (FCSS) method. Embryo sacs were cleared using a series of ethanol and methyl salicylate solutions and observed microscopically. Key Results: In open pollination, all genotypes formed seeds by sexual means and no evidence of apomeiotic reproduction was detected. However, in conspecific interploidy crosses and interspecific interploidy self-pollination induction, variations in the reproductive pathways were observed. While all plants from populations R2 and R6 formed seeds exclusively by sexual means, three genotypes from the R5 population developed seeds from both meiotic and aposporous embryo sacs, and one of them (R5#49) through the complete apomictic pathway (apospory + parthenogenesis + pseudogamy). Cytoembryological observations revealed the presence of both meiotic and aposporous embryo sacs in all the genotypes analysed, suggesting that parthenogenesis could be uncoupled from apospory in some genotypes. Conclusions: The results presented demonstrate the existence of variation in the functionality of apomixis components in natural diploid genotypes of P. rufum and have identified individuals with contrasting reproductive behaviours. Genotypes identified here can be crossed to generate segregating populations in order to study apomixis determinants at the diploid level. Moreover, analysis of their expression patterns, quantification of their transcript levels and an understanding of their regulation mechanisms could help to design new strategies for recreating apomixis in a diploid genome environment.Fil: Delgado Benarroch, Luciana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Laboratorio de Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Galdeano, Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (i); ArgentinaFil: Sartor, Maria Esperanza. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (i); ArgentinaFil: Quarin, Camilo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (i); ArgentinaFil: Espinoza, Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (i); ArgentinaFil: Ortiz, Juan Pablo Amelio. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Laboratorio de Biología Molecular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (i); Argentin

Viruela símica:

Introducción: el brote reciente de mpox fue considerado una emergencia de salud pública internacional. Objetivo: describir las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de mpox en un hospital de la provincia de Buenos Aires.Métodos: estudio de serie de casos en pacientes ≥ 15 años en el servicio de Dermatología del Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos “San Martín” de La Plata entre agosto y noviembre del año 2022. Resultados: se incluyeron 10 pacientes. La edad media de presentación fue 35 años. Siete de los pacientes eran hombres y las tres restantes fueron mujeres. La mayoría de ellos presentó relación sexual de riesgo como antecedente epidemiológico. En el 70% de los pacientes se observaron pseudopústulas y todos tuvieron lesiones a nivel genital, glútea o perianal. Las complicaciones observadas fueron: edema local, proctitis, conjuntivis y faringitis. Conclusión: presentamos 3 pacientes de sexo femenino del total de 24 mujeres reportadas en el país, que representan sólo el 2% de las infecciones por mpox en Argentina. En la mayoría de los casos observamos pseudopústulas, lesión elemental descripta recientemente para esta entidad. Un paciente presentó compromiso ocular, complicación informada en un 1% de los casos en el brote actual

Comparative analysis of the fecal microbiota from different species of domesticated and wild suids

Most of the microorganisms living in a symbiotic relationship in different animal body sites (microbiota) reside in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Several studies have shown that the microbiota is involved in host susceptibilities to pathogens. The fecal microbiota of domestic and wild suids was analyzed. Bacterial communities were determined from feces obtained from domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) raised under different conditions: specific-pathogen-free (SPF) pigs and domestic pigs from the same bred, and indigenous domestic pigs from a backyard farm in Kenya. Secondly, the fecal microbiota composition of the African swine fever (ASF) resistant warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) from Africa and a European zoo was determined. African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating disease for domestic pigs. African animals showed the highest microbial diversity while the SPF pigs the lowest. Analysis of the core microbiota from warthogs (resistant to ASF) and pigs (susceptible to ASF) showed 45 shared OTUs, while 6 OTUs were exclusively present in resistant animals. These six OTUs were members of the Moraxellaceae family, Pseudomonadales order and Paludibacter, Anaeroplasma, Petrimonas, and Moraxella genera. Further characterization of these microbial communities should be performed to determine the potential involvement in ASF resistance.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Patrimonio cultural y turismo en La Plata, Berisso y Ensenada

El trabajo que se presenta es el resultado de un proyecto de investigación conjunto entre el Laboratorio de Investigaciones del Territorio y el Ambiente (LINTA), dependiente de la Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, y el Instituto de Investigaciones en Turismo de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, el que fuera presentado a la Convocatoria Programa de Subsidios para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica de CIC en 2013. El objetivo central del proyecto consistió en indagar acerca de las posibilidades de ampliar y diversificar la oferta turística existente en tres partidos que integran la región Capital de la provincia de Buenos Aires a través de la incorporación de componentes del patrimonio cultural no activados para su uso turístico o bien escasamente activados. El punto de partida fue la consideración de que la región posee recursos culturales que podrían generar nuevos productos turísticos, aunque se desconoce en qué medida el mercado local es sensible a una potencial ampliación y diversificación de la oferta a través de la incorporación de recursos patrimoniales no afectados hasta el momento. El LINTA ha contado, desde su fundación en 1991, con el patrimonio cultural bonaerense como una de sus principales líneas de investigación, con el convencimiento de que tal patrimonio constituye un referente esencial de la identidad cultural de la provincia y, como tal, una ventaja competitiva que puede contribuir al desarrollo provincial. Durante los últimos años, se ha desarrollado la investigación acerca del uso turístico del patrimonio, a partir de la consideración del rico y variado patrimonio provincial y de su capacidad para ampliar y diversificar la oferta turística. En los trabajos desarrollados en el Instituto de Investigaciones en Turismo, se considera al turismo como una actividad compleja, que incluye aspectos económicos, sociales, culturales y ambientales y que debe contribuir al desarrollo de las comunidades involucradas. En este marco, el patrimonio cultural constituye un recurso básico para el turismo, pero resulta necesario proceder a una adecuada planificación de la actividad de modo de asegurar la sostenibilidad de la misma. La publicación se estructura a través de una serie de capítulos o marcos, que parten de una definición teórico-conceptual de los temas del trabajo de investigación, para pasar luego a una presentación general de la región tomada como caso de estudio, a una descripción de la situación actual de los tres municipios estudiados en lo que concierne a sus políticas, recursos y ofertas turísticas, a la presentación y valoración de los casos de estudio seleccionados y al estudio de la demanda, todo lo cual ha permitido extraer algunas conclusiones referidas tanto a los casos de estudio como a la situación general de la región. Confluyen en el trabajo dos líneas de investigación que, más allá de sus especificidades, cuentan con rasgos y, sobre todo, enfoques comunes. Consideramos que el turismo constituye una actividad estratégica para el desarrollo provincial y esperamos que este trabajo pueda contribuir en tal sentido. Esta publicación ha sido posible gracias al mencionado subsidio otorgado por CIC a través de Resolución 997/14.Trabajo de investigación conjunto entre el Laboratorio de Investigaciones del Territorio y el Ambiente (LINTA) dependiente de la Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la provincia de Buenos Aires y el Instituto de Investigaciones en Turismo (IIT) de la Universidad Nacional de La Plat

The impact of culture on neuropsychological performance: A global social cognition study across 12 countries

AbstractBackgroundDecades of researches aiming to unveil truths about human neuropsychology may have instead unveil facts appropriate to only a fraction of the world's population: those living in western educated rich democratic nations (Muthukrishna et al., 2020 Psych Sci). So far, most studies were conducted as if education and cultural assumptions on which neuropsychology is based were universals and applied everywhere in the world. The importance given to sociological or cultural factors is thus still relatively ignored. With the growth of international clinical studies on dementia, we believe that documenting the potential inter‐cultural differences at stake in a common neuropsychological assessment is an essential topic. This study thus aimed to explore these potential variations in two classical tasks used in neuropsychology that are composing the mini‐SEA (Bertoux et al., 2012 JNNP), i.e. a reduced version of the well‐known Ekman faces (FER), where one has to recognize facial emotions, and a modified version of the Faux Pas test (mFP), where one has to detect and explain social faux.MethodThe data of 573 control participants were collected through the Social Cognition & FTLD Network, an international consortium investigating social cognitive changes in dementia covering 3 continents (18 research centres in 12 countries). Impact of demographic factors and the effect of countries on performance (mini‐SEA, FER, mFP) were explored through linear mixed‐effects models.ResultAge, education and gender were found to significantly impact the performance of the mini‐SEA subtests. Significant and important variations across the countries were also retrieved, with England having the highest performance for all scores. When controlling for demographical factors, differences within countries explained between 14% (mFP) and 24% (FER) of the variance at the mini‐SEA. These variations were not explained by any economical or sociological metrics.ConclusionImportant variations of performance were observed across the 12 countries of the consortium, showing how cultural differences may critically impact neuropsychological performance in international studies

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe